Nemamiriro mhino

Mhino - ichi ndicho kwokutanga munharaunda kufema turakiti (kufema) munhu, kuti iri basa dzinoverengeka zvinokosha mashandiro, dzakadai kukwana kwepasi uye mhepo moisturizing, achiichenesa kubva pathogenic zvigare uye seguruva, uye zvakare kuita huro kwayo. Uyezve sinuses zvakanaka inzwi resonators uye mubasa paumbwe kwevanhu kutaura. Anatomy mhino ndiko kunzwisisa zvikuru uye hunakidze. Funga mamiriro mhino zvikuru.

Mhino Structure: madhipatimendi

It vakasarudza govera zvikamu zviviri mhino: yacho nasal mhango (menzvimbo) uye kwokunze mhuno.

Maumbirwe kwokunze mhino afanane chepiramidhi rinoumbwa shwashwa uye mapfupa zvidimbu. External mhino mapfupa vasiyana frontal pfupa, achiumba seri mhino. Mapapiro vari kuumbwa lateral shwashwa, izvo, kufanana shwashwa iri nasal septum vari zvikuru muna paumbwe mhino chimiro. Shwashwa mapfupa nasal kuumba chaiwo anatomical chimiro, inonzi murwere mhino. Sezvo anatomical yokunze mhino inotungamirwa aripo chete nevanhu, chiitiko chacho rine chokuita nokuchinja mubishi kufamba (hunyambiri kuparadzirwa munzvimbo kuviri) uye kutaura kukura.

The nasal mhango hwakarongwa kwakaoma kupfuura rokunze mhino unongoda mukati dehenya, bordered pamwe zvinokosha anatomical hurongwa - dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango Anterior cranial fossa uye ziso nezvigadziko. The nasal mhango anotaura choanal kuburikidza pharynx, uye kubudikidza pyriform aperture iyo yakaumbwa nasal uye uso mapfupa, pamwe nasal berere.

mapfupa chiso yeDehenya mapfupa uye dzinoumba uta Matandira masvingo akawanda. Ethmoid pfupa akaumba repamusoro uye dzokunze rusvingo, mapfupa nasal septum - dzomunyika uye palatal bvupa yokumusoro shaya - yakaderera. Kupfuura kuoma iri Dendere iri rwokunze kuva nhatu mhou fungidziro, anonziwo conchae: pasi, pamusoro uye pakati. Lower goko, riri akaparadzana, nokuzvidzora mapfupa, ane mukuru miganhu. anoshongwa Middle uye yokumusoro - nayo kurongedza of ethmoid mapfupa. Mumwe goko anoiswa pamusoro mhino kumhanya, uko matatu: kumusoro, pasi uye pakati. All matatu turbinate uye nasal septum dzakaparadzaniswa wakasununguka nzvimbo, inonzi nevakawanda famba mhino. chivakwa kwakadaro mhino, kureva ezvinhu ari nasal in zvikuru muna humidification uye Kudziya mhepo kupinda napakati mhino.

Kuwedzera pfupa uye shwashwa, izvo basa guru iri paumbwe mhuno uye ndichengetedze chimiro chayo, vakawanda mashandiro anoitwa pasi mucous Kamudzira yacho nasal mhango. Rakakamurwa muzvipoka zviviri: kuti olfactory uye kufema. The olfactory Nharaunda iri zvachose kushandiswa uye rine akawandisa olfactory receptors, zvakagadzirirwa kunzwisisa kunhuwirira. The receptors of olfactory nharaunda inogona chose kana zvishomanana chisanyanya ushande. Izvi zvinoitika kana uchishanda huruva kana smoky ezvinhu, pamwe kakawanda chikosoro uye nemavhairasi zvirwere, uye chisingaperi kuona zvinokuvadza zvine chepfu.

Vazhinji nasal lining ari kufema mucosa chinoumba ane muzvizhinji pakati STRUCTURAL zvinhu. zvinhu izvi nezvatinovavarira zvikurukuru kubudiswa aipedza mhepo kuburikidza nasal mhango. The pose yose kufema mucous Kamudzira akafuka kuwanda cilia, izvo vavharirwa seguruva, uye zvakafanira kuti tisanzwa vibration pamusoro cilia kurutivi mbudo, akakurumidza vari kubviswa zvakakwana. Uyezve, yose mucosal pamusoro ine chaiwo mucosal mumasero kuti secrete madzihwa chaiyo, nekunhonga guruva rayo nomumativi utachiona, uye ipapo evacuates navo. The Zvinoumba madzihwa ichi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda kuti vanorwa utachiona uye pathogenic utachiona. The mberi rusvingo zvakananga pasi mucous Kamudzira ndiwo akaita emagetsi venous plexus, chinangwa chikuru iyo - the kudziyisa mhepo kupinda mhino.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nemamiriro mhino ndiko yakaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru kupfuura zvingaita sokuti pakutanga kuaona. mhino dzedu ane chinokosha "chakavanzika kamuri" - nasal sinuses rakazaruka muruoko nasal mhango uye kuita mamwe kudziyisa mhepo. Sinuses akafukidzwa mucous, pane dzinokwana 4 mhando:

1. maxillary kana maxillary sinus. Vari riri kurudyi uye vakasara pakukora yokumusoro shaya. The zvinoshandisa pakurima pane sinuses izvi chakafukidzwa zvinenge zvakakwana mucous membrane.

2. frontal sinus riri aiwanzopiwa wokushanda, vari kunzvimbo dziri frontal pfupa.

3. muviri ethmoid pfupa inopiwa munhu muzvizhinji masero vari ethmoid sinuses.

4. kuzivikanwa sphenoid sinus chinhu Turkish Chigaro iri muviri sphenoid mapfupa.