Ndozvakajairwa mvura zvinodyiwa uye wastewater. Zvingakubatsira kuti nokugoverwa mvura rakawanda

Under Kushandiswa mvura zvinoreva mvura kuparadzwa kwacho, panobva kwake dzinongoitika zvinhu kana mvura hurongwa.

Water kuparadzwa akatorwa normalize, kureva kuti kuziva zvakadini ayo akagadzawo maererano nechirongwa. Izvi zvinoitwa kufungisisa unhu zviwanikwa. Uye mitemo iyoyo vanotenderwa kuti ape vamapoka maindasitiri zvigadzirwa.

Sei uchida kukosha?

Its chikuru basa - kuitira kubasa uye kumba Mavhoriyamu dzakadaro mvura pfuma, iyo ichava zvikuru.

Standardization mumunda paruzhinji utilities dzinobva kuMudzidzisi kuvaka Codes, mune maindasitiri mabhizimisi kuti kushandisa zvikurukuru yakagadzirwa nhungamiro. Chii kuti?

Normalize akagamuchira yaipedzerwa mvura zvaparadzwa goho (Unit kwayo), kunwa mvura yakachena, uyewo chebasa. Uyewo, funga mvura iyo zvishandiswezve uye achiparadzira. A tsvina zvakanaka, t. E. Water mapaipi (sezvo ropa-nevatengi uye maindasitiri).

Chii date hunoshandiswa snip "dzemunharaunda mvura kudya"

The hwaro Kutara kwakadaro kutora anonzi chaicho ukoshi. Chii zvazvingava ichi remvura rakawanda? chikwata ichi akaenzana kufadza akatenderwa zano wokurera aqueous vhoriyamu (pamwe runoenzanirana unhu) raida kubudisa chairema vomureza mharidzo zvinhu pasi zvimwe zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa kana kudyiwa kunwa kana zvinangwa zvemari.

Inotungamirwa dzakananga mitemo iri kuitwa nokushandisa kwavo chinhu nokuda eremendi zvinoriumba. Chii vakaisa mavari? Kumboda tiri kutaura pamusoro chaiyo mvura kudyiwa kuti kugadzirwa (pa chikwata) kana bhuku (nharaunda) kuti zvavakanga vachida kuita. Chete mwero wemvura manwiro chirimwa aripo mumwe chichiitwa, izvo zvingasanganisira kunwa kwayo, uye zvoupfumi zvinodiwa.

Mumwe kwakatarwa anoita Nokurasikirwa iri kugadzirwa kutenderera, izvo hazvishanduki. Zviri pamusoro leakage, kwemvura, dota, filtration uye m. P. Avo vanogona kutakurirwa fekitari, uye muchinjikwa okukohwa indasitiri. Kuyera mitemo vakabvuma panyama dzakabatana (marita, cubic metres, etc ..).

About standardizing kutsvinda

Asi nyanzvi vanofarira kwete chete mwero mvura rinodyiwa. Zvakaratidza kuti nhoroondo iri pasi uye pakatarisana muitiro. Abudise hurongwa, kureva zvinoyerera mvura, ndiwo muitiro achibvisa tsvina kunze nenzvimbo kushandiswa chikuru zvekuvaka (kambani, nzvimbo). ivo vanobviswa mune zvakasikwa zvinyorwa kana Kutamiswa kunorapwa kumasangano kushandiswa.

Pasi mitemo kutsvinda kunzwisiswa yakarongwa uwandu mukuru wastewater, vakagamuchira paminiti chairema goho. Mvura saka kureva imwe rworwendo maviri pakusvibiswa - conditionally (normative) yakachena uye inoda okuchenesa.

Nokuda kuramba kuvandudza kuti ruzivo dzemvura zvinodyiwa uye wastewater mitemo vari kudzokororwa iri fanira hwaro mumakore mashanu. Tichiverenga zvakananga mukurima kana kushandisa Chinyorwa.

How kufungawo kunaka mvura

Zvinodiwa Kuti unhu uye Zvinoumba kunwa mvura yacho iri centralized mvura hurongwa zvakanyorwa pamapeji SanPiN, rakabudiswa muna 2001

Process mvura iri kwoita 4 vakaparadzana mhando avo zvinodiwa nechimwe.

I - remvura coolant CHP, zvenyukireya, etc. haabatanidzi pamberi nezvishoma, kuomarara uye utsinye ... Effluents mvura iyi hakudi kucheneswa, asi anogona rapisa.

II - mvura vashambemo zvigadzirwa, kavha zvinhu. Drains the vari zvikuru kusvibiswa.

III - Water-zvinhu (zvokudya zvigadzirwa pakuvaka indasitiri, etc ...).

IV - mvura yakaoma kushandiswa.

Tichifunga izvi kuparadzana michina kubudisa zvikuru vakarongeka ndinonongera apo kurerutsa kwezvakatipoteredza kukuvara.

Chii mvura kudya muganhu

Zvinonzi kutora kukarukureta mugumisiro, nheyo unova mwero mvura kuparadzwa, uwandu kunwa uye michina mvura mumwe chirimwa maererano ezvinhu okuwana, chawakaronga nazvo, zvekuvaka kuchengetedza chirongwa.

Muganhu zvinoreva nhamba consumable wastewater wastewater akatumira dzinongoitika chinhu, vakapiwa chinzvimbo chacho, uye chiero nokurondedzerwa.

Vaviri mitemo izvi, akaverenga uye vangoendeswa kambani inofanira kunotenderwa Dzepasi mvura zvakanaka. Enda navo kazhinji kuti gore rimwe, asi mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma nemvura kupfuma - pamwedzi kana kunyange zuva nezuva.

The mvura mudzimai zvekutepfenyura

Urongwa mvura yokunwa kune yevagari - rinokosha panyaya National kukosha, mumwe mabasa zviremera upi ugari rokutanga. Pasina mvura yokunwa yakachena pakarepo kubuda chirwere - kusvikira matenda. Nyika ichiri izere kunzvimbo kuwana mvura zvinogamuchirika unhu - nacho.

In nyika yedu, Mvura Code of akazivisa Kuisa paruzhinji mvura. Chokutanga, pasinei nemamiriro, vanhu vanofanira kupiwa nemvura yakachena. Fudza hakufaniri kuva pazasi pachiyero 97% (ichi zvinoreva kuti mazuva matatu chete kubva zana vanobvumirwa mvura kwezvokudya).

Chokwadi, munzvimbo ino ine mwero wemvura rinodyiwa yaro. Mamiriro epamba mvura saka sezvinotevera.

Household mvura akabvisa 56%, voruzhinji, zvivako - 17%, indasitiri - 16%. The zororo inoenda zvimwe zvinangwa (moto - 3%, guta - namatsime, kurerutsa, etc. - .. 1%, saizvozvo vamwe vose).

Water potable chinangwa iri kupedzerwa zvinotevera pauwandu hweavo: kunwa uye kudya zvavanoda (zvokudya kubika) - 30%, yokushambidza - 10%, kushandiswa mabhati - 30%, chimbuzi Flushing tangi - 30%.

mvura kunwa rate - zuva muguta guru

Vagari mumaguta makuru ari zvose zvinodiwa mudzimba uye zvaiita hunhu anopiwa kusvika 600 l / zuva mvura. Ndiwo mwero mvura kudyiwa pamunhu. Nemamiriro ayo kuparadzwa ndiko sezvinotevera:

- on pachako zvinodiwa - 200 L;

- on utilities - 100 L;

- kuti irambe yakachena muguta - 100 L;

- mabhizimisi vemo - 200 l.

Nezvezvipfuwo mvura kunoratidzwa sezvinotevera.

Water unhu anofanira kuva mukuru zvikuru kuti mumuviri ehupfumi (ruvara, yakajeka, kuravira, kunhuwidza) uye namakemikari (zvakaoma, salinity, acidity, murwiyo nouipi) hunhu.

Izvi zvinoshanda zviri Organic zvinhu normable nemwaranzi radioactive nezvimedu, kwemabhakitiriya akafanana. mvura yokumwa hakufaniri tupukanana, nemavhairasi, pathogenic utachiona.

The yakanakisisa mvura

unhu zvinodiwa (yokutanga munyika yedu ndezvaiye 1937) gore negore vanowanza kuomesa.

Ndechipi chikonzero? Science haamiri achiri, nerimwe gore pane zvitsva zvinhu pamusoro nezvainoita munhu zvimwe zvinhu. Nokudaro, unhu zvinodiwa mvura murwiyo kugadziridzwa.

Best kugutsikana - panguva interstratal chitubu mvura kuti vanonzi kupfuura waidzivirira pakusvibiswa. Zvishoma kuipa - pasi, nhema asina kudzika sezvakanga mudukusa akakodzera mvura mvura.

Anoenderana mvura unhu mitemo, zviri pasi filtration, coagulation (kunayisa nouipi), chlorination, uye kubviswa Sumo pasingadiwi kuti akakodzera tsvina.

Non-zvakafanana kuti rinodyiwa

Chimwe pfuma mvura kudyiwa iri redzimba zvekutepfenyura - ibatanidzo hama zvakafanana mvura kudyiwa rose gore pamwe unevenness rugwaro. Kana chikamu nemwaka nokufamba - hapana kupfuura 15-20, musiyano ane zuva zvakawanda (anenge 70% mvura yatinopedzera masikati). saka inokosha asiri kufanana coefficient dzakabudirira (nenguva uye mazuva ose). Pamusana kwaari, kufunga nokufamba mvura kudyiwa kuburikidza awa uye mwedzi, izvo chinodiwa kana afunge zvitengeswa enyika. Pashure pezvose, basa ravo - kupa inosimbiswa zvitengeswa kunyange kunonyanyisa mvura rinodyiwa muoti.