Ndeipi oratorio nziyo?

Chii mutauri? Izwi iri rinoreva zvakawanda mimhanzi zvakanyorerwa kwaya (kusanganisira nhengo), nokuti kwaya, uyewo munhu vaimbi-soloists. Kakawanda, nyaya oratorio pazvikanganiso zvebhaibheri dzinotaura.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

Kunzwisisa imwe oratorio mimhanzi, unofanira kutarisa munhoroondo pfungwa iyi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chigadzirwa ichi akazviratidza pakuguma kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi yeungano XVI remakore, iyo yakavambwa St. Filipom waZerubhabheri muItaly. The zita rinobva muchiLatin shoko "oratorium", izvo zvinoreva kamuri anokosha akagadzirirwa kuti munamato uye musangano nhengo dzeungano.

"Pazuva mweya nomuviri," Emilio De Cavalieri - ndiro chigadzirwa wokutanga unokubvumira kunzwisisa imwe oratorio rokuimba. Kutsunga kuti kwaiva chitsva muchimiro mumhanzi, sezvo rinoumbwa yoga Solo mashoko akanga zvakawanda siyana, asi achiperekedzwa zviridzwa uye kwaya.

Pakutanga akanyorwa oratorios ari musoro yeBhaibheri uye kuvhangera uye vakanga aiwanzoshandisa kuita zvakananga mutemberi mumazuva mazororo kwazvo echitendero. Saizvozvowo, paiva Christmas, Easter, kutsamwa, uye mamwe marudzi zvakafanana mimhanzi. The chaizvo yeshoko rokuti, akataura, zviri pakutanga aiva munamato Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva nhindi mumhanzi iri kuramba ichiva venyika uye vakatamira padariro yemitambo.

Development nezvemaitiro Italy

Italy - imwe nyika, asi nzvimbo yechizvarirwo yacho oratorio. Vanyori Benedetto Ferrari Agostino Agatstsari Loreto Vitoria, Dzhakomo Karissimi, uye vamwe vazhinji maiita chimedu mumhanzi nzira iri nhasi, kusanganisira mamiriro, rakatumbuka choruses, richishanda nhamba, uyewo zvetsika kuteterera kuna eBhaibheri.

Works nevanyori izvi Munokudzwa nokuvapo inobwinya mavara, nenyama uye kutsvinda. A rinokosha riri akaratidzwazve Alessandro Scarlatti, ane mabasa vaiva nhamba yacho mimhanzi negwara.

Oratorio muGermany

Kunzwisisa imwe oratorio mimhanzi, tisingatauri basa Germany. Zviri munyika ino kunoita kuti vatungamirire kukura chidimbu ichi mimhanzi ari XVII remakore. Kutanga iyi anoteya basa "Passion" Heinrich Schütz, izvozvo pasi kunze munharaunda Italy ndiyo yakadaro chinhu ive oratorio. Mienzaniso mabasa muGermany panguva inotevera: "Bethulia liberata" Ignaz Holtsbauera Jakobho, "La Conversione od S. Agostino" Johann Adolf Hasse, uye kushanda Antonio Kaldara, Nicola and unto Yomelli Mubatanidzwa Ndiwe Ioganna Mattezona iyo anotakura mutauri kubva Catholic. chechi iri muRoma. Akanyora 24 marimba mabasa Zvisinei, nyaya dzakanga akatorwa muBhaibheri, vaiva kubatana aripo. Izvi akabvumira mumwe zvokuratidza, chii chinhu oratorio.

Handel, Bach, uye Haydn

Izvi marimba kuitika yakasvika Parainge mu mabasa geniuses akadai Handel, Bach, uye Haydn. Vanyori ava vakakwanisa kufema upenyu hutsva kupinda Genre uye tora kubva mutemberi iri yemitambo uye konzati dzokusanganira.

Iogann Tsvatu waro weekly zvachose chetsika mutauri German, achipa nyika ounyanzvi dzakadai "Christmas Oratorio", "Easter Oratorio" uye anoshanda "St. John Passion" uye "St. Matthew Passion." Mabasa aya nanhasi kuonekwa yakasiyana dzichitaridzika pamusoro nzendo.

Yozef Gaydn akanyora mabasa maviri makuru ari Genre ichi, "The Creation" uye "Mwaka." In basa rake, akashandisa Panyanzvi magwaro, nokudaro kusika chinhu oratorio, hupenyu huzere nevakariri murume, mukufara nemukutambudzika ake uye kusuwa. Akakwanisa nokubatanidza kupfuma acho uye mumhanzi kururama.

Fridrih Gendel zvakasiyana kwakaratidza kuti kuva oratorio yakadaro. Nokududza Genre maererano wenziyo - mubatanidzwa Italian uye okuGermany tsika uye dzose. Pamusoro basa rake kuti mabasa akadai "Mesiya," "Israeri muIjipiti", "Samusoni," uye vamwe.

namapfumbamwe remakore

Kubva pakati pezana remakore XIX oratorio Chimiro kuchinja uye rwunotanga kudzokera nemidzi yawo. Artwork anticipates vateereri kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana nziyo uye chorales. The magwaro pachavo vane zvimwe nokufungisisa uye kufungisisa. The Catholic Church nenzira yakasiyana yakaratidza kuti oratorio ichi. Izvi zvakasimbisa Felix Mendelssohn, uyo akasika ounyanzvi akadai "Eriya" uye "St. Paul", uyewo Ferents List nemabasa "The Legend St. Elizabeth" uye "Kristu".

Changes vari kuuya France, uko pasinei waifarirwa kuda dhanzi, vateereri inova vaifarira uye oratorio. Munguva iyi paiva mazita akadai Charles-Fransua Guno, Camille Saint-Saëns, Zhyul Massne, Gabriel Pierné nevamwe. Basa Vanyori izvi akanakidzwa mukurumbira zvikuru kwete chete muna Europe asiwo America.

Remakore rechimakumi maviri uye yedu nguva

XX remakore zvakasiyana zvinoratidza kuti oratorio ichi. Basa inozivikanwa nokushandisa zvetsika mubhaibheri misoro, asi ane dudziro kwakadzama, iyo Rinobatanidzwa nezvinetso zvakakomba nguva yedu.

Uyewo, izvi nguva kunoratidzwa ne convergence of oratorio nedzimwe Genres yakafanana, kusanganisira dhanzi ndokukungurutsa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka nemabasa Artyura Oneggera, Dariyusa Miyo, Igorya Fodorovicha Stravinskogo nevamwe. Anozviratidza uye mirayiridzo itsva - the oratorio-dhanzi. Munguva yedu, Genre ichi mimhanzi kachiri uye anogona kuwanika munyika dzakakurumbira zvatinoona.

Kusiyana dhanzi uye cantata

In XVI-XVII remakore panguva imwe chete nomukurukuri, paiva nevamwe marimba Genres, kusanganisira dhanzi uye oratorio. mabasa akadai vanoonekwa ne yakafanana mabasa Soloists uye Genres zvakakwana zvakafanana nokuda kwaya uye chikwata chevaimbi. Pasinei neizvi, vanewo nevamwe maitiro.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro dhanzi, zviri Zvisinei, mumwe Genre pedyo oratorio, ane rinooneka Danho chiito, zvikurukuru, rinovira, zvokupfeka. zvinhu izvi zvisipo ari kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi. Uyezve, Opera anobvumira kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana pasina kudiwa wevasungwa chete ezvinamato. Chimwe chinokosha ndechokuti orwiyo chitonge oratorio, apo dhanzi mutambi wose ane mukana wokuratidza kugona kwavo uye tarenda. Kusiyana uyewo Kunoumbwa iri nguva basa. Oratorio rinovapo pamusoro awa rimwe (kunonyanyisa maviri) apo opareta chiduku.

Kana cantata, ari oratorio Solo aona vakawanda uye zvakawanda mutambo. Cantata uyewo chine pfupi nguva, saka dzimwe nguva unogona kuita sezvo chikamu oratorio. anozivikanwa kwakadaro Bach.

mamiriro

Oratorio dzinoratidzwa anotevera seti yenhengo:

• Instrumental Overture;
• Recitative. Kushandiswa kujekesa mashoko uye rangano;
• Choral FREIRE. Kakawanda chaikosha iri kukonzera kukwidziridzwa Ishe. Arias achiperekedzwa hwamanda uye timpani.

Zvichienderana zvaiitika uye maitiro murwiyo, mukurukuri angave nemamwe yokuwedzera zvinoriumba. Izvi pakutsvaga zvebasa matambudziko pamusoro vateereri uye maonero ari munyori.

Oratorio - huru basa zvenziyo hunhu, unosanganisira kutora chikamu ari kwaya, soloists uye chikwata chevaimbi. Setsika, hwaro pabindu Genre ichi ndiyo magwaro zvebhaibheri.