Mutsindo Vanyori of Renaissance

Wezvenhau Jules Michelet ari XIX remakore, yaiva yokutanga nguva akashandisa shoko rokuti "Renaissance". Vaimbi Vanyori, izvo dzichakurukurwa munyaya ino ndezvaJehovha nguva rakatanga XIV remakore, kana kuti kutsiva chechi Ages kwaizoita ndokusvika rokunyika tsika, wayo kufarira munhu wacho.

Music of Renaissance

nyika dzokuEurope panguva dzakasiyana, vakapinda kwenguva itsva. pfungwa A shoma vekare Humanism yakabuda kuItaly, asi zvokuridza mutsika dzaitongwa Dutch chikoro, apo yokutanga inokosha parametrized (matumba) zvakatangwa panguva Church, kurovedza Vanyori ramangwana. The chikuru Genres nguva kuratidzwa tafura pazasi:

The kupfuura Vanyori akakurumbira pakati Renaissance muNetherlands - ndiye Giyom Dyufai, Jacob Obrecht, Josquin of Prez.

Dutch mukuru

Johannes Ockeghem akadzidza paNotre Dame parametrized (Antwerp) uye muna 40-ies ari XV remakore chapero akava chorister mudare Duke Charles I (France). Pashure, akatungamirira chapero pakati yamambo. Kwekuvepo kune akwegura, iye akasiya nhaka huru Genres zvose, wakati akaratidza muenzaniso polyphonists. isu asvika remanyoro zvavo anonzi Chigi Kodhekisi ake 13, mumwe icho nechepadivi 8 mavhoti. Akashandisa kwete chete kune vamwe vanhu, asi mimhanzi yaunonyanya yavo.

Orlando Lasso akaberekwa yava Belgium (raiva Mons) muna 1532-m. Mano ake rira waiva muduku. Mukomana akapambwa kubva paimba katatu kuti muimbi mukuru. All ake upenyu aakapedza ari Bavaria, apo Albrecht V pa Duke chivanze akaita somunhu sezvinoreva, uye ipapo akatungamirira chapel. chikwata Its zvikuru nyanzvi zvakabatsira rokuchinja Munich ari European mumhanzi centre, akashanyira vazhinji Vanyori akakurumbira pakati Renaissance.

Kwaari takasvika kudzidza matarenda akadai Johann Eckard, Leonard Lechner, Italian D. Gabrieli. nzvimbo yake okupedzisira ari 1594 mamita yaakanga awana ari munharaunda wekereke muMunich, vachisiya mukuru nhaka: vanopfuura 750 motets, 60 makuru uye mazana nziyo, ramakagadzwa zvikuru nevanhu yakanga Susanne UN dia. Innovation chinosiyanisa izvozvo motets ( "Uprofita of Sibyls"), asi anozivikanwa kuvonga rokunyika mumhanzi, yaiva yakawanda zvinosetsa (vilanella O Bella fusa).

Italian chikoro

Mutsindo Vanyori of Renaissance muItaly kuwedzera tsika nzvimbo vachishingaira kutanga nziyo (nhengo, tambo & vachandipfugamira zviridzwa, piyano). The inonyanya Chishandiso aiva nembira, uye pakupera ari XV remakore paiva harpsichord - the mugadzi of piyano. Pahwaro chinobatanidza zvavo mumhanzi kumhuka maviri chikoro aipfuura sezvamunoita: Roman (Giovanni Palestrina) uye Venetian (Andrea Gabrieli).

Dzhovanni Perluidzhi Palestrina akatora zita zita reguta pedyo Rome, apo akaberekwa uye vakashumira sezvo kereke huru organist uye Kumutungamiriri wokuimba. Zuva rake kubereka anofungidzirwa chaizvo, asi iye akafa muna 1594-m. Nokuti upenyu refu akanyora anenge 100 200 Misa uye motets. "Misa Pope Marcellus" ake evoked kuyemurwa nokuda Pope Pius IV, uye akava muenzaniso Catholic mumhanzi chitsvene. Giovanni - mumiriri akakurumbira zvikuru Vocal kuimba kusarira.

Andrea Gabrieli, pamwe mudzidzi wake uye muzukuru kuti Giovanni aishanda chapero St. Mako (XVI remakore), "makara" kwaya kuimba nenzwi nhengo nezvimwe zviridzwa. Venetian School dzakazova kune zvenyika mumhanzi, uye kugadzirwa "Oedipus" by Sophocles pachikuva, Andrea Gabrieli Choir mumhanzi zvakanyorwa, mharidzo choral polyphony uye harbinger pakati remangwana dhanzi.

Zvakakurukurwa pachikoro German

Zvisinei, nyika German Arayirwa Ludwig Senfl, nani polyphonist ari XVI remakore, haana asvika, ufanane Dutch vanatenzi. Nziyo nyanduri-muimbi pakati nyanzvi dzokugadzira (Die Meistersinger) - ariwo mumhanzi chinokosha Renaissance. Vanyori German Vaiimba Corporation: tinkers, vanogadzira shangu, varuki. Vakanga vaine nomunharaunda. An mumiririri makuru rokuNuremberg chikoro akatanga kuimba Gans Saks (Makore oupenyu: 1494-1576).

Akaberekerwa mumhuri tailors, zvose ake upenyu yaaishandira shangu, achirova erudition uye navarongo uye mabhuku zvido. Akaverenga Bhaibheri kududzirwa muvandudzi mukuru Luther, aiziva vanyanduri dzekare uye kukosheswa Boccaccio. Sezvo pevairwara muimbi, Sachs haana pachake siyana polyphony, asi akasika rwiyo rwiyo yokuchengetera zvinhu. Vakanga pedyo ichitamba, zviri nyore kuyeuka uye kuva mumwe mutinhimira. Yakakurumbira basa rakanga "nomuimbirwo Silver".

Renaissance: France musicians uye Vanyori

French marimba tsika wokuona zvechokwadi Renaissance chete XVI remakore, kana evanhu pasi rakagadzirwa munyika.

Imwe zvakanakisisa vamiririri ndiye Kleman Zhaneken. Zvinozivikanwa kuti aberekwa Chatellerault (kuguma XV remakore) uye akabva kuimba-mukomana kuti munhu munyori wamambo. Nhaka yayo zvinoyevedza akachengetedzwa nziyo chete yokunyika rakabudiswa Attenyanom. Vaiva 260, asi mbiri chaicho chichiwanikwa nevaya vakapfuura pakuongororwa nguva: "Birdsong", "Kuvhima", "Skylark", "Hondo", "kuchema Paris". Vanoramba ikazobudiswazve uye anoshandiswa nevamwe kuti kugadzira.

Nziyo dzake kunge vociferous uye zvairatidzika choral zvikamu, apo kuwedzera onomatopoeia uye cantilena nenzwi inoshevedzera aripo basa rinomutsa kwebasa. Yaiva akashinga kuedza kuwana nzira itsva yemifananidzo.

Pakati yakakurumbira Vanyori muFrance - Guillaume Boilers, Zhak Modyui, Baifa Jean Claude Lejeune, Claude Gudimel, anopa mumhanzi Anobvumirana yokuchengetera, izvo zvakaita kuti kuitwa wokuimba pedyo zvevoruzhinji.

Vanyori of Renaissance England

XV remakore muEngland kwakaitika pasi pokudzora mabasa John Dabsteyla uye XVI - Uilyama Borda. vatenzi Vose vaida mumhanzi pakunamata. Bird akatanga organist pana Lincoln Cathedral, uye dzakaguma basa rake muna Royal Chapel muLondon. Kokutanga akakwanisa kurondedzera mimhanzi uye Entrepreneurship. Muna 1575, munyika pamwe chete munyori Tallis akava monopolist iri bhuku zvenziyo mabasa haana kumuisa zvisingabatsiri. Asi akatora nguva refu paruvazhe pakudzivirira kodzero yavo pfuma. Pashure pokufa kwake (1623) mumaonero zvinyorwa chapero, akanzi "muvambi wokuimba."

Chii akasiya Vanyori makuru ari Renaissance? Bird kunze rakabudiswa anthologies (Cantiones Sacrae, Gradualia) akachengetedza zvinyorwa zvizhinji, dzakurukurwa zvakakodzera chete mumhuri mabasa. Published akazotevera madrigals (Musica Transalpina) wakaratidza simba guru Italian vanyori, asi Misa anoverengeka uye motets vakapinda yendarama pavane mumhanzi chitsvene.

Spain Cristobal of Morales

The yakanakisisa vamiriri chikoro Spanish mumhanzi vakayambuka Vatican, kutaura papa chapel. Vakanzwa matambudziko ari Dutch uye Italian vanyori, saka, vashomanana chete akakwanisa kuva nomukurumbira kunze kwenyika. Renaissance Vanyori kubva kuSpain vakanga polyphonists nokusika choral mabasa. Chakajeka mumiririri - Cristobal of Morales (XVI remakore), uyo akatungamirira parametrized muna Toledo uye vakadzidza vanopfuura mumwe mudzidzi. A muteveri Josquin of Prez, Cristobal privnos rinokosha unyanzvi mune dzakatevedzana mabasa anonzi homophonic.

The kukurumbira chikuru yawana requiem Author maviri (okupedzisira - shanu mavhoti) ". Munhu nezvombo", uyewo Misa Akanyora uye enyika nemabasa (the cantata mu kukudzwa runyararo chibvumirano muna 1538), asi rinoreva mabasa ake kwokutanga. Takananga kunyika mugumo upenyu chapero muna Malaga, akaramba muvambi mumhanzi chitsvene.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Vanyori of Renaissance uye mabasa avo vakagadzirira pavapenyu vose paku Music XVII remakore uye kubuda ari Genre itsva - the dhanzi, iyo yakatsiva nezvehukorokodzwa manzwi zhinji ukuru achitungamirira rwiyo kuuya. Vakaita budiriro chaiyo kukura navarongo tsika uye chakaratidza kutanga unyanzvi ano.