Museum of Architecture: mapikicha uye wongororo. State Museum of Architecture ainzi A. V. Schuseva

mamiziyamu Russian anoratidza nhoroondo uye chipo wenyika yedu. Vanoita izvi kwete chete Exhibits, asi avo ezvinhu. Mupfungwa iyi, zviri kunyanya inonakidza ari Vozdvizhenka muna Moscow Museum pamusoro Architecture - nzvimbo surreal kuti munhuwo muenzi. Nyanzvi (kana kungoti vanhu chokuita mapurani "kuwana-pamwe chete" Vamwe ukama) vachakuudza kuti mumwe chakanakisisa muguta, nokuti pano akaunganidzawo zvakawanda zvinoratidza, ane akapfuma arşive yeSoviet uye Russian mapurani.

History miziyamu

Kune miziyamu kubvira 1934, kunyange mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, pane chikonzero kusika nayo. Kwakashanda (uye akamupa yamabhuku dzavo) pamusoro nyanzvi dzidziso, tsika uye nhoroondo mapurani. "Zororo" pano zvinhu kare Pfungwa vorongerwa - pane faira pamusoro mavakirwo Russia yekare, akaunganidza Petrom Baranovskim, muraramisi guru, uyewo yokunyora nokudhirowa, akaita Ivanom Leonidovym, akakurumbira vanhu Commissariat chirongwa musi Red Square. Kana chikoro renyika yakanga chimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza munyika.

A. V. Schusev

A. V. Schusev, anezita rinonzi Museum Architecture, ndiwo titan mumunda ounyanzvi. Vakanga zvakasikwa Lenin kuti mausoleum, uyewo dzakawanda pamusoro iconic dzimba USSR. Shchusev ndiye initiator hwomukova nhoroondo yomunhu ari miziyamu muna 1934, iri pamukova Academy of Architecture. Nadya, kana muna 1946, panguva yake rutsigiro vanoshingaira pamusoro miziyamu akazviratidza musi Vozdvizhenka, vakavawo wekambani yacho yokutanga (kubvira 1946 kusvika 1949). miziyamu pakati akitekicha kare panguva Shchusev ndiye chete panguva iyoyo pakati pekuronga muguta mavakirwo kuti mamiriro kwesainzi.

inotungamirwa mari

Órgãos mari zvakatanga muna 1934. Under izvi, zvinotevera Exhibits uye nzvimbo Antireligious Art Museum (munguva kubvira 1929 kusvika 1934) kunge Kutamiswa: nemamiriro uye munharaunda Donskoy wemamonk, siyana musangano iconography, chechi nemidziyo, Ecclesiastical nguvo, namasuwo tsvene.

Mari iri 1930-40-ies zvakati kukasawedzerwa. Zvimedu nhoroondo dzakatorwa varipo. 1930 - nguva kuparadza uye kuparadzwa kwezvivako enhoroondo. Muna miziyamu, kunze siyana kumba midziyo zvezvivako dzekare dzabviswa.

Muna 1946, kuti muridzi hwakatamisirwa yakare zvivako wemunda (mukupera rechi18) talyzinykh-Ustinov. urongwa hwavo Vozdvizhenka, mu napedyo kuna Kremlin anoti gentility vaimbova varidzi. It akapinda Manor yakaoma uye "Chamber zvokudya" - isingawanzowanikwi mapurani Monument rechi17, inova refectory wezvinonhuhwira pachivanze. Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, uriri wechipiri akanga overbuilt chivakwa ibwe, yakavakwa muna 1676.

Munhu pedyo kuti miziyamu munharaunda, richitaura kuti nhoroondo Museum, ane mapurani unofadza zvikuru, nokuti anenge okupedzisira 20 apfuura, iri kusangana nematambudziko makuru, nekuti kamwe yakanga musangano mundima zvaitambidzwa Chechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia muna 1991, Donskoy wemamonk. Makore ose aya, akaramba chete pashoo nzvimbo, sezvo anenge ose akaunganidzwa vakanga anochengeterwa hwakavigwa mumakamuri.

Panovhurwa zvachose kuratidza

Kwokufananidzira chiitiko chakaitika munguva ichangopfuura, 19 June 2012. Ko buri iri miziyamu kuramba uchinzwa. Kuona mharidzo yokukosha chinhu, vagari vose pamusoro guta akadirana achienda ku pashoo chivakwa. Pano anotanga zvake mushanyi surrealism.

Architecture Museum iri mumwoyo peguta, hombe mumuzinda talyzinykh, zvivako chaiko kune rechi18. It kunosanganisirawo Manor outbuilding, inonzi "Kuparadza", uye chivako remakore rechi17, apo wezvinonhuhwira murayiro. Between izvi zvivako zvitatu iri chivanze chiduku, uyewo chakatorwa nokuda kuratidza.

Description of miziyamu

Chinhu chokutanga uchaona, kamwe pano - yerenje pani nemahofisi uye musimboti chinhu vaenzi. Very kuziva yemitambo kuti mamiziyamu dzimwe nguva Russian. The mueni, mune tariro dzinonakidza nekuzarurwa mapurani, rinooneka rinobuda pasi youshe masitepisi rechipiri - uye inowira inoshamisa. It anoenda kusaverengeka yose Suite pamusoro maturo dzimba, sokunge zvinoratidzwa hofori girazi.

No kupamhidzira izvi chinhu dzimba, umo mune mamiriro miziyamu pakati mapurani: hakuna here chinhu ikoko asi akarembera Washington pamusoro pamasvingo Exhibits, dzakadai mapikicha zvekufungidzira dzemitambo yeRoma. Maererano vanhuwo muenzi, saka nhasi anogona kutarira mufashoni Art Gallery, riri muMoscow, uye saka kune vakawanda, asi kwete huru pakutsvakurudza nyika centre uye mapurani miziyamu. Zvisinei, kufarira, unogona kuonekwa sculpted medallions, sirin'i kupenda pamusoro kumusoro, varinamire cornices, matunhu reliefs, masvingo dzakagadzirwa chakagadzirwa machena. Asi muzinda omukati miziyamu akagamuchira pamwe chivakwa. Vachiri pakati pezana remakore rechi20 yadzorerwa uye zvisina vaiona, kufanana, Exhibits.

rakasiyana ratidza

dzimba mbiri huru June 19, 2012 zvaiswa pasi zvachose kuratidza. Rakagadzirirwa kufananidzira kuberekwazve miziyamu ichi. Tava kutaura inoshamisa zviratidzwa - muenzaniso (emapuranga) Big Kremlin Palace, inova nhasi munyika guru marongerwo. It akasikwa mukutanga 1770 wacho, basa ne Catherine II Vasiliem Bazhenovym. marongerwo kureba 17 mamita. It rakakura kwazvo zvokuti, Zvakanakisa, vanoda yoga Kusviba: iri pamusoro dzimba mbiri miziyamu ndivo chete zvimedu, kunyange zvinoorora chaizvo.

tsoropodzo

Nhasi mune kushandiswa munharaunda kugadzikana gakava pamusoro mamiriro miziyamu, asi anoudzawo hurukuro yake uye kuratidzira vari nyanzvi masango richiri anoongwa. Hatisi kutaura imwe pfungwa iri zvavo, asiri nyanzvi mushanyi kuti asina tsvimbo, kwakavakirwa uye midziyo. matambudziko Ava vose zvakajeka kudaro, vanovakonzera tsitsi chete vakaperera. Asi dzakateerera mushanyi cherechedzai akawanda hazvitaurwi, ne "zvemari" Maonero, zvinoitika mashoko.

Somuenzaniso, zvinonzi mbidzwa mufananidzo there Bazhenov. Categorical kurambidzwa - pasina muripo, kunyange parunhare. Vashandi havagoni kutsanangura nei, achiti saka kwakatangwa. Kunyange vakaisa ari Blog mufananidzo ose kunogona kukonzera vashanyi mashoma pano, uye kubhadharwa nokuti - kuwedzera mubhokisi hofisi murombo zvishoma mari miziyamu.

Havagoni kutsanangurwa kuoma kwoupfumi, nei zvakarongwa vanoigadzira kuti "dzokudyira ezvivako" wekare, iyo, chokwadi, iri Sushi resitorendi; nei mhepo conditioners "yakashongedzwa" France, uye pamberi zvivezwa ekare kuratidza yeshumba, pane yokupakira pamusoro pemarata. Bas, akaunganidzwa pasi ndima yayo asi randomly - uchapupu nokushayiwa mari, nzvimbo.

D. S. Hmelnitsky, mumwe mutsvakurudzi ane mapurani, vakatsoropodza miziyamu nokuda kwokushayiwa chero mhando akanga systematized mashoko pamusoro mari uye akaunganidzwa (muna 1991 zvakanzi rakabudiswa vokupedzisira Category katarogu), uyewo chaizvo kunzwisisa nzira yekuwaniswa Vatsvakurudzi uye kare kuti zvakachengetedzwa. Melnikov Museum iri davi Moire. resonance mukuru muzhizha ra2014 akaita zvinhu pamwe kupinda vashandi vayo pasina mutsivi Melnikov, anogara ikoko.

miziyamu Foundation

Museum specialized yokutanga Russian mapurani chete. Asi machinda vakaunganidza zvinhu pamusoro ano mazano uye nyaya, vachitora mifananidzo, zvichiita kuyerwa, vakaongorora kuchinja uye kukura mumaguta negwaro. Somugumisiro ari Moscow Architecture Museum wakazviunganidza pavane hombe, izvo nhasi muri zvinenge zvose kubva mapikicha panguva kuti plinfy St. Sophia, kubva magadzirirwo magwaro marudzi zvivako kuna ounyanzvi zvishandiswa kuvakwa.

Deposit Fund

Museum Fund muna mid-1980 akawedzera chinokosha muunganidzwa. Inguva Archive Baranovskogo Petra Dmitrievicha, imwe muraramisi inozvikudza uye mapurani panguva yaitonga Soviet Union. Kubvira 1984, faira izvi zvinenge zvisiri kuongororwa - hazvina kukwana nguva nenyanzvi. Museum mari shoma-havawanzoiti nyika ndiani kudzidza zvizvarwa zvizhinji masayendisiti.

Mukutanga kuma1990, yasvika nguva yenhamo, iyo iri kutarisana achiri Moscow Museum of Architecture. Nhasi, chikuru basa - kugadzirisa chimbi dambudziko dzokuteerera. The Mushanyi vanongogona bedzi zvokufungidzira sezvo kune ukuru kuti rizere pamwe miziyamu muunganidzwa, leafing kuburikidza Kutaura nyaya tubhuku ake.

Architecture uye Life Museum

Kujairirana tsika zvinonakidza chaizvo. Kana uchifarira mapurani, tinogona zano kuti ushanyire Museum of Folk Architecture uye Life, riri mumusha Pond muna Belarus. The kwamagwaro zvinofadza chaizvo. Folk Architecture uye Life Museum pamwe dzinogarwa uye kutarisirwa zvivakwa, nzvimbo dzokunamatira, paruzhinji zvivako zivisa iwe. Iye recreates murimi mudiki upenyu rechi19 - mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20.