Munyika dzipi dzinotaurwa muGermany kunze kweGermany?

ChiGermany chinowanikwa kune mamiriyoni 100 vanhu munyika yose. MuchiGermany, anenge mamiriyoni zana anotaurwa. Mutsara wekuGermany wokutanga wakagadzirwa naJohn Christoph Adelung muna 1781. Uye muna 1852 hama James naWilhelm Grimm vakatanga kunyora duramazwi idzva. Kushanda pairi kwakapedzwa chete muna 1961. Iye zvino anogara achizadza nemashoko matsva. Chirama cheGermany chinowanzoitwa muzana remakore rechi19.

Varipi vanotaura chiGerman uye nei?

Avo vanofarira kuti nyika dzipi dzinotaurwa muGermany, zvichida vanoziva nezvekupararira kwayo muEurope yose. ChiGermany ndeyechipiri kuChirungu. Kupararira kweGermany kunobatanidza kwete chete nemitemo, asiwo nebhizimisi zvinoda.

Vamwe vanodavira kuti basa rakabudirira, ruzivo chete rweChirungu rwakakwana. Asi izvi hazvisi kure. Kutanga, chiGermany ndiyo mutauro unonyanya kukosha weEuropean Union. Ndeapi nyika inotaurwa muGermany, uye ndeipi iyo inoshanda? Pashure peGermany, iyi ndiyo Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium. Chechipiri, kushanda mumakambani mazhinji nemabhizimisi muGermany uye kunyange yeEurope inoda ruzivo rwechiGerman.

Sei chiGerman chiri mutauro wemutauro muAustria?

Munhu wese ari kutsvaga mhinduro kumubvunzo "Munyika dzipi dzinotaura ChiGerman?" Zvichida zvakanzwa nezveAustria. Pano muchiGerman vanotaura, kutanga kune zvose, vachifunga nezvekare kare enyika ino. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, Austria yaiva chikamu chemadzimambo uye umambo hwavakataurira Jerman.

Vagari venyika ino vanoshandisa mutauro unokosha - vaBavarian. Zita iro rokuti "Austria" rakatanga kutaurwa muzana remakore rechi18 chete. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, Austria ine chikamu cheBavaria. Sezvineiwo, munguva yose yaro, Austria yakavewo yezvikamu zvakadai seMambo Mutsvene weRoma, Austria-Hungary neTatu Reich.

Ko maGermany neAustria vanogona kunzwisisa here?

Mutauro wemutauro wechiGermany muAustria wakasiyana zvikuru nemitauro yakawanda inogamuchirwa yakanyorwa zvokuti kunyange muGermany neAustria haigoni kunzwisisa nguva dzose. Ndicho chikonzero mubvunzo "Munyika dzipi dzinotaura mutauro wechiGermany kunze kweGermany" haisi chokwadi zvachose. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanogutsikana kuti kana Austria yaiva nzvimbo yakanyanya kure neGermany, ipapo mutauro weAustria mutauro wechiGermany waizopedzisira wava mutauro wakasiyana. Uye iyi mutauro mutsva ingadai isingakwanisi kusiyanisa kubva purogiramu yepakutanga.

Munyika dzipi dzinotaurwa muGermany kunze kweAustria? Imwe nyika iyo German inogamuchirwa semukuru weSwitzerland. Zvisinei, kunyange pano hazvisi nyore. Swiss kushandisa shanduro yechiGerman chete mumutauro wakanyorwa. Nhauriro yezuva nezuva inotungamirira mumutauro wemunharaunda. Kunyange pane shoko rokuti Danke, iro rinoreva "Ndinokutendai", vanotaura kuti vanobva kuFrench Merci. Zvinofadza kuti, chaizvoizvo, muSwitzerland iyo inonyanya kufarirwa iye zvino ndiyo Chirungu. Kunyange ma graffiti pamadziro pano unoda kunyora muchiChirungu. Uye vagari veZuriki vanodana guta ravo Guta guru-guru "guta duku".

Ndeapi mitauro vanhu vanotaura chaizvo muBelgium

ChiGerman, pamwe chete neFlemish neFrench, mutauro wepamutemo weBelgium. Dzidzo imomo inogona kuwanika pane imwe yeiyo. Kunyange zvakadaro, vagari venyika ino vanotaura chete Flemish neFrance. Vazhinji vevanhu veBelgium vane Flemish kubva kuFlanders. Munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kwenyika vanogara mabheoni - vamiririri vehurudzi rwekutaura chiFrench. Hasi kure nemuganhu wekumabvazuva weSwitzerland unorarama vanhu vashomanana, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa muchiGermany pakukurukurirana.

Zvinonakidza kuti kumabasa akabudirira ani zvake anogara kuBelgium anoda kuratidzira mune zvose Flemish neFrench. Vanhu vanotaura chiFrench vave kwenguva yakareba vachizivikanwa nokuda kwekusada kwavo chiFrench. Sei uchidzidza mutauro, taura maBelgian anotaura chiFrench, anotaura chete mamiriyoni matanhatu evanhu? Kunyange zvazvo iwe uchiwedzera kune chiyero chizvarwa cheHolland, iwe unowana zvishoma zvishoma - mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemakumi maviri.

Dialects yeGermany muGermany

Zvechokwadi, mubvunzo "Munyika dzipi dzinotaura mutauro wechiGermany zvakarongeka?" Mune imwe pfungwa zvinonzwika kwete zvakakwana zvakakwana. Ichokwadi ndechekuti haisi vazhinji vevagari vemitauro yeGermany vanoshandisa shanduro yemutauro wechiGerman. Kunyange muGermany vanotaura nhamba yakawanda yemitauro yeGermany. Izvi - Berlin, Kölsch ("Kelsh", mutauro weguta reCologne), Bavarian neBerlin dialects, nevamwe vakawanda. Iko shanduro yemitauro, iyo inoparadzira nhepfenyuro uye kutema mapepanhau, inonzi Hoch Deutsch ("Hoch Deutsch").

Literary German. Inogamuchirwa munyika yose here?

Iye zvino inenge dzose dzakasiyana-siyana dzakapedza kudzidza muyunivhesiti inogona kunyora mune dzimwe nyika dzinotaura chiGerman. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti munzvimbo idzi ivo vanoshandisa chiGerman muchirevo chetsika. Mabhuku echiGerman haashandi kune dzimwe nyika dzakadai seAustria, Switzerland uye Luxembourg. Panguva imwe chete, inofungidzirwa kuti Austrian German ndiyo yakafanana zvikuru neyeGerman inotaurwa muGermany.

Zvinofadza, muSwitzerland neLuxembourg, paunenge uchiratidza nhau, unogona kuona mishanduriro mumutauro weHitch Deutsch. Zvizhinji zvezvirongwa zvekuvaraidza uye kuparadzirwa kweredhiyo kuitika munharaunda yeGerman. Paunenge uchienda kuGermany, munhu anofanirwawo kuyeuka mutemo unotevera: mumwe haagoni kumbotaura chiGermany kuti anotaura mutauro, sezvo mumiriri weimwe nzvimbo achiona shanduro yake yeGermany seyo chete yechokwadi.

Mutauro wechiGermany uye zvikamu zveSwitzerland pfungwa

Kubva kuSwitzerland-German, zvisinei, mamwe mazano matsva akabuda akave akazivikanwa pasi rose. Somuenzaniso, iyi ndiyo izwi rinozivikanwa "muesli". Uyewo "sieve", kana kuti "rusty" - zita reSwiss yemapatakake. Zvinonzi iyo nyika yeSwiss yakasiyana-siyana inosanganisa kusanganisa kwemhepo yevakasununguka uye bhanhire rakanaka.

Semuenzaniso, veSwitzerland vanowanzoti: "Kwasviba semhou." Zvingangodaro, mutsara uyu wakabva pane imwe nzvimbo mumhenderekedzo yekunze kwemahombekombe, pamakomo eAlpine. Pane imwe chirevo chakasvika kuSweden kubva kumutauro wechiGermany: Die Morgenstunde hat Gold im Munde. Izvozvi zvinoshandurwa se "Mambakwedza nguva inotakura ndarama mumuromo" - yakafanana nayo inogona kunge iri Russian "Ndiani anomuka mangwanani, Mwari anomupa".

Zvisinei, kunze kwekuvhiringidzika nemitauro yeGermany, veSwitzerland vane zvakawanda zvokuputsa misoro yavo. Mushure mezvose, mitauro mina chete ndiyo inoshandiswa munyika ino - kunze kwechiGermany, iyi iRoma, chiItaly neFrench. Nokudaro, pamapfisi emu Swiss mukaka, hapasisina nzvimbo yemufananidzo wemhou - iyo yose yakazara iyo yakafukidzwa nehuwandu nemitemo yekuchengetedza mumitauro mina.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zviri kudzidza chiGerman

Mukuwedzera kune kufarira mune nyika dzipi dzinotaurwa muGermany, urongwa hunogona kuzadzikiswa nematunhu aya umo German inodzidza muchikoro chekudzidza. Hoch Deutsch inodzidziswa semumwe mutauro munyika dzeScandinavian, kuHolland, Bosnia neHerzegovina, kuMakedhoniya uye kunyange kuJapan. Uyewo chiGerman chinowanzodzidziswa mune zvikoro zvesekondari muBelarus.