Modern foni - kutsanya kubatana

The foni musika ndechimwe vaizotibata zvikuru uye kukurumidza kuwedzera nzvimbo foni indasitiri. Iye zvino, foni maitiro ari munzira nokukurumidza kukura, zvarwo, zviri nezvezvaiitwawo Russian kukurukurirana hurongwa kupinda munyika sechinhu shamwari yakaenzana kugovera mabasa munyika yose, refu-daro, guta, data, internet, mobile, etc ..

Chii Telecommunications

Shoko rokuti "telecommunication" rinobva mumashoko: communico Latin, rinoreva "yokukurukurirana," uye rechiGiriki tele, rinoreva "kuita nechokure kukuru."

Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti:

• Telecommunications - dzakaunganidzwa mano uye zvirongwa nekufambisa mashoko Via waya uye redhiyo makwara. Izvi mashoko kutendeuka mudziyo, ayo decoding, vachisiyanisa inzwi; Izvi yepamusoro kombiyuta kugadzira michina.
• Telecommunications midziyo - kuva unyanzvi, software uye sangano nzira nokupfuuridzirwa mashoko pamusoro madaro marefu. hwakasimba-mamiriro goho amplifiers zvinoshandiswa kusika Satellite chechitima zvinotakura.
• Telecommunications - mvumo Service Center anokwanisa kuparadzira nokugamuchira mashoko. Nyanzvi mune foni - wevanamakanika uye mainjiniya. Vakanga kunyanya kushanda pamwe Codes, anonongedzera, ruzha.
• Telecommunications - ndiye Exchange upi ruzivo achibatsirwa kombiyuta. Information iri kuburikidza kudyidzana migero kana ruzivo exchange.
• Telecommunications - ndiwo muitiro yokuwana uye processing ruzivo vachishandisa zvigadzirwa, network, remagetsi, mashoko uye kombiyuta michina.

Kuvimbisa nzvimbo foni michina zvinofanira kufungwa:

1. Kuunza itsva chiratidzo-bumbiro hurongwa nokushandisa unyanzvi akabatana evanhu anonongedzera uye itsva chiratidzo yeEncoding mitoo kuwedzera bandwidth uye yedzimudzangara hurongwa kunatsiridza simba ravo.
2. Kutanga akangwara kanyanga mano paine simba.
3. Kusika telecommunication enyika ari millimeter chinozunguzirwa bhendi ane kushanda kakawanda anenge 100 GHz.
4. Development nzira uye ruzivo pamusoro foni zvokushandisa, izvo zvinoita dzavo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri chokupika generalized nzira: shoma mutengo, kunonyanyisa parameters, kunonyanyisa kuvimbika, pasipasi nouremu unhu.
5. Kuwedzera padanho chokudzidzisa vadzidzi yakananga "Telecommunications", kuwedzera pakutsvakurudza uye kubudirira nenzira.

A chiratidzo yeEncoding nzira Technology

For Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri simba hurongwa kushandisa Newest nzira yeEncoding uye chiratidzo vachisiyanisa inzwi. Kuti mureza Coding unyanzvi kurwisa zvikanganiso zviri kukanganiswa ezvinhu, zviito zvinopa simba fuma wegadziriro kusvika 6.8 db, kunyange zvazvo pakupararira chakarondedzera chiratidzo. It anoshandisa misa Codes: Hamming Codes, Reed-Soromoni, bch uye convolutional Codes muti. An kushandiswa dzinonakidza pakati Codes zvakafanira kufunga kuti kubvumira kuziva mativi amplitude danho kusuduruka keying uye nokudaro kuwana mamwe Coding fuma kuwedzera chiratidzo hutachiwana nokukurumidza. Panyaya iyi gwara bandwidth kushandiswa multi-chinzvimbo hama kutotanga kusuduruka keying uye quadrature amplitude danho kusuduruka keying.

Satellite kutaurirana

Satellite kutaurirana hurongwa zvinoshandiswa geostationary satellites nokuda kwemashoko mapurogiramu eterevhizheni, kusanganisira mumwe vagamuchiri uye Software boka date motokari. Zvikuru kucherechedzwa munyika hurongwa INMARSAT Satellite zvomumvura navigation, izvo, uyezve, Akagamuchira kwazvo vezvokutengeserana kushandiswa nokuda nokukurumidza pakukurukurirana uye wekushandisa vachishandisa GPS kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai hurongwa mumaruwa, dzawirwa, uyewo richiona kuti mitoro motokari. Compact kwomwedzi dzenhare anobvumira kutapurirana mashoko kubva pose munyika. Rakabatanidzwa pamwe Broadband ekunyebera ruzha chiratidzo michina matsva chinozoiswa: kakawanda microstrip kanyanga, yakasimba mamiriro simba gudzazwi, munhu hunyambiri mugero Sefa ari pamusoro acoustic chinozunguzirwa kwakavakirwa bismuth germanate, narrowband microwave filters mu dielectric resonators, etc ..

Telecommunications zvinoreva

Nhasi, kunyanya kukurumidza kukura Mobile yokukurukurirana mugadziriro vatopiwa, nhamba subscribers izvo munyika dzakawanda akapfuudza nhamba yakatarwa samambure subscribers. Chero ukuru ari Mobile pamusika rinei GSM-900 mureza / 180, izvo hurongwa asvika panogumira hwakakwana kuburikidza kushandisa GPRS uye mupendero noungwaru zvigadzirwa. vaizotibata Very dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa somunhu Mobile kukurukurirana gadziriro chete bumbiro weboka CDMA migero kuti vari unmatched zvakavanzika uye simba unongotaura. Nhasi, kuti pave 3G Mobile kukurukurirana hurongwa maererano mureza uye MT-2000, yakatanga neInternational Telecommunication Union, anoshandisa chiero matatu kwakavakirwa CDMA zvemichina: CDMA RIMWE, CDMA 2000 uye WCDMA. Sezvo chikamu IMT-2000 mureza, mabasa ari pakasikwa Satellite pachake Mobile kukurukura mugadziriro Orbocomm, Thuraya, Clobal Star, Iridium. Nepo zvebhizimisi kushanda hurongwa haina kubudirira nokuda matambudziko mari muzvirongwa uye michina matambudziko. Nokuti mashoko network makambani zvakanaka nekusimba redhiyo hurongwa DECT.

Fast chiratidzo kufamba hurongwa

Nemhaka mberi microelectronics zvemichina, kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa Mobile uye ano kombiyuta-network uye foni, akadai Makaralı, ZigBee, WiMax, WiFi uye vamwe. In tsika, kushandiswa zvekumwe hutachiwana mugadziriro, izvo zvinosikwa kushandisa zvakajairika misimboti uye zvirongwa zviri kuvakwa uye yakasiyana inoshandiswa adapters kubatanidza kuti runoenzanirana kutapurirwa makwara. Hydroacoustic kutaurirana mamiriro kukurukurirana pasi mvura uchishandisa ultrasonic vibrations ari 8-20 kHz ari chinhambwe 4 km. Laser kutaurirana hurongwa vanoshandisa lasers ane wavelength pamusoro 1-10 microns, uye anoshandiswa muchadenga Links. Ryazan Chishandiso kuita chirimwa (Russia) kugadzirwa Laser transceiver mudziyo kupa chiratidzo kupararira mwero anenge 200 Mbit / chik pamusoro chinhambwe 2-10? Km pano mamiriro ezvinhu uye kushandiswa muenzaniso kuparadzira mashoko pakati vakaisvoipa nenhepfenyuro mu Mobile yokukurukurirana enyika. Communication hurongwa zviri tunnels uye pevhu kushandiswa leaky (kanyanga) waya, semuenzaniso, EUPEN makambani kakawanda siyana 30-1800 MHz. Masayendisiti US akasimbisa mukana kupararira redhiyo mafungu gektametrovogo siyana norudo Pasi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mumakore placement kuti transponders munharaunda anosvika 200 M inogona akasika aakaudzwa kubatana kuparadzira chiratidzo chete chakarondedzera vanenge 500 Hz.