Mhando dzezvidzidzo muRussia uye USA: kuenzanisa

Dzidzo muRussia inotungamirirwa neBurumende Mutemo "On Education", yakagamuchirwa munaJanuary 1996. Maererano neshoko iri rezvemitemo, hurongwa hwezvedzidzo hunosanganisira masangano ehurumende, hurumende nedzimwe nyika-kusango, dzidzo yepamusoro, masangano ekuwedzera dzidzo, unyanzvi, nezvimwewo.

Parizvino, kune marudzi anotevera edzidzo muRussia: kusati kwedzidzo, chikoro, basa rekudzidzisa uye rakakwirira.

Chimiro chekudzidza kuchikoro chinosanganisira chikwata chikuru chemasangano ane unhu hwakawanda hwokuzvidzivirira pakusarudza zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa, iyo nzira huru yekudzidzisa, iyo inoita mabasa mazhinji. Izvi zvinosanganisira: matenergartens anoyevedza, chikoro chechikwata chinokonzerwa nevadzidzi vane kukanganisa mukukura kwepfungwa uye kwemuviri, nzvimbo dzekusimudzira vana, zvipatara, nezvimwewo.

Chinokosha uye chinonyanya kukosha muhutano idzidzo yakawanda kana chikoro. Inosanganisira chikoro chesekondari, lyceums, gymnasiums, zvikoro zvakanyatsodzidza mitauro, zvikoro zvemanheru, zvikoro zve-lyceums-zvikoro, zvakagadzirirwa kwete chete dzidzo asiwo yevadzidzi, zvikoro zvakasununguka, zvikoro zvekudzidzisa vana vanopera shure mukusimudza pfungwa, Zvikoro zvemimhanzi uye zvemhando.

Semitemo, zvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana zvekondari, izvo zvinodzidzisa vakadzidza zvekushanda zvikwereti (locksmiths, welders), uye makoroji (zvikoro zvezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro), zvinoshandiswa kuchikoro chechipiri chedzidzo. Vakapedza kudzidza veyunivhesiti, vunivhesiti uye masangano vanowana dzidzo yepamusoro yezvesheni . Uye kazhinji zvinoitika kuti imwe sangano rekudzidzisa chikamu cheimwe. Somuenzaniso, sangano chikamu cheyunivhesiti.

Nzira dzemazuva ano dzedzidzo dzakaenda kunyika yedu senhaka kubva kuSoviet Union yakanga isati yavapo. Iyo ndiyo nzira yezvidzidzo nekurerwa kwevana mumasangano anokosha e-tsarist uye panguva dzeumambo dzakasiyana zvakasiyana neyedu. Nekuwa kweUSSR, vechidiki vechiRussia vakagamuchira mukana wekudzidza munenge chero nyika ipi zvayo pasi pose, asi makumi mashomanana yapfuura apfuura chete kune zviyuniti, vana vechikuru vakuru vakuru. Parizvino, inoretically, chero ani zvake anogona kuwana dzidzo yebhizimisi kune imwe nyika, zvinosuruvarisa, mukuita zvose zvinhu zvinosuruvara zvikuru. Dzidzo mumayunivhesiti muEurope haikwanise kuwana muwandu weRussia anogara.

Dzidzo yehurumende muUnited States yakasiyana zvikuru neyedu. Icho hachina imwe yakagadziriswa, naizvozvo humwe hurumende ine kodzero yekugadzirisa hurongwa hwekudzidzisa munharaunda yayo pachayo pachayo.

Saka, marudzi edzidzo mu US:

Crèche. Iyi sangano haifaniri kushanyira. Yakagadzirirwa vana vane makore gumi nemana uye inosanganisira kudzidzisa mwana ruzivo rwepamusoro - kutaura kwakarurama, kunyora, kuverenga, kutora.

Kindergarten. MuUnited States, chikoro chechikoro chechikoro, kana kuti sezvazvakadanwa-makirasi ekugadzirira, chikamu chechikoro chekutanga. Kushanya kwavo kunoonekwa sekumanikidzirwa kwevana vose makore mashanu nemashanu.

Primary school. Pakupera kwechirongwa ichi, mwana anogamuchira dzidzo yepuraimari kana yekutanga. Iyo yekudzidzisa inotora makore mashanu. Chikoro chekutanga cheAmerica chine zvimwe zvinhu. Saka, mumakore ose mashanu, sekutonga, mumwe mudzidzisi akakodzera anobatanidzwa mukudzidziswa kwevana. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuumbwa kwemakirasi kunoitwazve gore negore kubva kuwandu hwevadzidzi.

Chikoro chechipiri, chinopinda nevana vane makore 11 kusvika ku14, chinosanganisira kudzidza zvidzidzo zvitsva, imwe neimwe inodzidziswa nemudzidzisi akasiyana. Icho chinomanikidzwa chikamu chechikoro chekondari chikoro ndechekudzidzira mitambo.

Chikoro chepamusoro chinosanganisira kudzidziswa kwevechiri kuyaruka vane makore 14-18. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, akapedza kudzidza anowana dzidzo yekondari, yakakwana kutanga basa.

Mhando dzakadaro dzekudzidzira sezvenyanzvi, dzakakwirira (bhinzi), zvidzidzo zvepamusoro, zvidzidzo zvechiremba zvinogona kuonekwa sechikamu chakasiyana chekudzidziswa. Kugamuchira ivo kunofanirwa kune avo vanoda kushamwaridzana nehupenyu hwavo nemitemo, mishonga, sayenzi.

Pakutanga, zvingaita sokuti muUnited States maitiro edzidzo ndiyo yakasiyana zvikuru. Kunyange zvazvo zvichinyatsosiyana mutsauko wakakura uri mumazita emasangano. Nokudaro, zviri nyore kutora kufanana pakati peRussia kindergarten neAmerican nurseries, dzidzo yepamusoro muUnited States (bachelor's degree) uye dzidzo yepamusoro isina kukwana muRussia.