Makemikari kwemasero dzepabonde. The mahormone neve gonads

Makemikari kwemasero dzepabonde kuziva yevanhu uye mhuka yechipiri zvepabonde maitiro. Vane basa zvose kuchinja mumuviri: anodzora muitiro pakuyaruka, kugadzirwa mazai uye urume, pamuviri, kuberekwa itsva Muviri, achiyamwa uye zvakawanda.

Internal Secretion gonads

The womukati secretion pamusoro bonde mumasero nokuda kugadzirwa dzepabonde mahormone (zvose navarandakadzi), izvo akasunungura kupinda ropa. zvinhu zvavo yakasiyana mumwe, kunyange zvinoberekwa mumwe nokukanganisika zvigadziriswe.

The secretion pamusoro bonde mumasero pakati pavo akasiyana kunoratidzwa imwe mari yakabereka zvakasiyana estrogens uye androgens. Izvi anotsanangura musiyano zvavo yechipiri zvepabonde maitiro. Nokuti kemikari sezvisina basa vechirume gonads. Makemikari sei chipotera kuyaruka.

Chipotera pavasikana

Girls vakwegura makore 10-12 ari pituitary shwanu anotanga kubudisa luteinizing (LH) uye follicle-anotokonya kemikari (FSH) mahormone. Ivo zvinowedzera kugadzirwa ovarian inonzi estrogen uye progesterone - vanonzi kemikari zvepabonde shwanu pavasikana. Kugadzirwa kwavo muviri anotsanangura mavambo rwomuviri anochinja muviri emusikana. The yechipiri zvepabonde unhu ndiwo:

- kukura mammary mumasero;

- kuwedzera muhudyu;

- chitarisiko bvudzi muhapwa uye pubic bvudzi;

- kugadzirwa mazai pedyo ovaries;

- kutanga kuenda kumwedzi.

Chipotera mune vakomana

Vakomana pazera makore 12-15 uye anotanga kubudisa luteinizing (LH) uye follicle anotokonya kemikari (FSH). Pamwe chete ivo zvibereko munhurume Makemikari bonde omumuviri, kazhinji testosterone. kemikari ichi anogadzirwa testes uye anoita kukura yechipiri dzepabonde maitiro vakomana. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

- kuchinja inzwi;

- kukura bvudzi pachiso uye muviri;

- kukura sikarudzi;

- kugadzirwa dzisingaoneki;

- kukura musculature.

Gonadal basa

gonadal basa yekudyidzana kukanganisa somatic zvirwere zvakawanda chakasimba uye chisingaperi. Vakatsunga ne kuvimbika hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal akabatana. Kuti tinzwisise functionality yavo, funga mahormone kuti anobudiswa nedare varume nevakadzi, uye matambudziko kunobva zvavo rusvingo.

Chii mahormone anobudiswa neZvapupu sikarudzi nevakadzi?

Women nokuti kugadzirwa pabonde mahormone ndivo zvepabonde omumuviri, ari adrenal cortex, uye placenta. Makemikari vane nhengo dzokubereka mumasero dzinosanganisira:

- androgens;

- estrogens;

- progestins;

- follicle nekurukurirano kemikari;

- luteinizing kemikari.

The mugumisiro mahormone pamusoro hadzi muviri

Nepakati Zvinoumba izvi zvinhu ane kwaibatsira pamusoro muviri uye normalizes muviri, psycho-kunetsa mukadzi, yakarurama nokushanda kwenhengo dzokubereka nadzo, kunosimbisa zvirwere, inobata wembereko uye zvakawanda. reshiyo yavo ine yakananga rokubaya vakadzi zvepabonde. Gonadal hormone inonzi estrogen uye progesterone kazhinji inodzora zvepabonde vakadzi. Nguva kumwedzi runowanzotaurwa nezvarwo nokuwedzera chido naka pabonde, kunoitika nokuda sefungu mahormone.

Sex hormone vavo mashandiro mumuviri, zvinokosha basa rose muviri. Estrogens zvinokosha dzose kushanda muviri mbereko. Mukuwedzera, rworudyi uwandu kemikari ichi inosimudzira paumbwe nenhamba, hunhu, ganda uye bvudzi. Progesterone iri kubudiswa muna adrenal shwanu (chiduku chikamu) uye ari ovaries, uye panguva kuramba pamuviri wayo mukugadzirwa remhosva corpus luteum mbeu, uye ipapo placenta. Izvi kemikari mushonga unonzi kemikari pamuviri kubva basa racho kugadzirira dumbu kuti muchibereko azvarwa, iyo kweiyi kukura. Kana progesterone iri pazasi dzose, zvino mukadzi anowedzera ngozi yokubva pamuviri yakakura.

Nokuti kugadzirwa LH uye FSH (lyuteoniziruyushego uye follikulostimuliruyushego kemikari) ndiro basa pituitary. FSH zvinoita kukura uye zvakakodzera inoshanda follicles uye LH anoita basa ovaries uye inobereka inonzi estrogen. Prolactin ndiyo hormone pamusoro pituitary. Its chikuru basa iri kweiyi zamu kukura mune vasikana, uyewo kuvapa lactation vakadzi vanenge kubereka. Kana paiva kuwedzera ropa prolactin yomuropa, izvozvo kuchititadzisa kugadzirwa kemikari follikulostimuliruyushego, kwamakadarika pane zvakasikwa chinovhiringidza pakati follicular kuibvisa uye ovulation pasina vakadzi munguva achiyamwa. Prolactin zvakare anoita somunhu ichocho anokosha normalization mvura-munyu mwero.

Kukanganisa vakadzi hormone

The mahormone neve gonads havasi kuramba inowanzotorwa siyana. Akaderedza inonzi estrogen yomuropa kungava chiratidzo chokusava ovulation vakadzi, kushaya mbereko, uye panguva yepamuviri zvingaratidza kuva zvokurwara. Inosimudzira kugutsikana raro kukura bundu iri adrenal mumasero kana gonads. Vanhu vane katsika vakafutisa uye vane yakakwirira yakawanda inonzi estrogen.

Ungaderedza kwevari progesterone ropa kunogona kukonzera kupfupfudzika vakadzi vane pamuviri, placental abruption, fetus wasvava. Vakadzi vane matambudziko progesterone, kazhinji havagoni kubata pamuviri, vanogona kuonekwa namamota uye zvimwe zvirwere sikarudzi, kutenderera zvirwere nezvimwe zvinetso zvoutano, kusanganisira kushaya mbereko.

Gonadal mahormone anogona sechibereko chokukomborerwa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana kwevanhu. Kuwedzera lyuteoniziruyushego kemikari muropa anoratidza pituitary namamota, polycystic ovaries inclusions, kuneta dzavo, uye zvichingodaro. Zvisinei, kazhinji ichirova kwevari kemikari ichi chinogona chokuita zvinhu zvinoshungurudza, nzara, inonetesa zvemitambo.

Wedzerai follikulostimuliruyushego kemikari kuchengetwa varwere havachanyatsogoni kushanda pituitary uye ovarian kukundikana. Uyezve, ayo pamwero inowanzoshandiswa kwakasimudzirwa vanhu vanoshungurudza doro, uye pashure X-ray pakuongorora murwere. Panguva kubereka yakawedzera zvayo yakawandisa vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo. Kurera FSH chinokonzera uterine ropa kakawanda uye rutapudzo dzinosanganisira kusavapo kumwedzi, kuchengetwa PCOS uye kufutisa.

Pamuviri uye uchiyamwisa vakawedzera uwandu prolactin muropa riri zvinoitika mamiriro, dzimwe nguva zviri chiratidzo pathological zvirwere. High prolactin kunoratidza kutyora mashandiro ari pituitary, thyroid, ovarian, uye autoimmune zvirwere.

Chii mahormone anobudiswa neZvapupu nhengo dzakavandika varume?

Vechirume gonads kubereka rinenge chete boka mahormone nevamwe anosiyiwa. Nokuti varume mahormone dzinosanganisira:

- androgens;

- testosterone;

- follicle nekurukurirano kemikari;

- luteinizing kemikari;

- SHBG.

Kufurirwa mahormone pamusoro hono muviri

Follicle-anotokonya kemikari nevanhu iri zvinoberekwa pituitary shwanu. It anoita mashandiro mumasero dzepabonde, anowedzera kugadzirwa testosterone, vatsigiri kuibvisa kuti dzisingaoneki. Luteinizing kemikari iri zvinoberekwa pituitary shwanu uye mabasa somunhu kugadzirwa mvumo kubva testosterone mu vanhurume Leydig mumasero, uye zvinobatanidzwa pagadzirwe tichisunga mapuroteni, hormone, gonads uye anowedzera permeability pakati testes. Testosterone anogadzirwa adrenal omumuviri uye gonads, zvinokanganisawo kukura yechipiri pabonde unhu vakomana, munyaya kugadzirwa dzisingaoneki, sei potency uye libido. Testosterone kunokosha kuti muviri kuvanhu: zvinokanganisawo kukura marangwanda uye tsandanyama, anovandudza psycho-kunetsa, uye normalizes basa sebaceous mumasero.

Prolactin anogadzirwa pachishandiswa pituitary shwanu, rinobatanidzwa murau mvura-munyu mwero uye kunonotsa kubviswa mvura pedyo itsvo kunomutsa zvakakodzera kuibvisa pakati dzisingaoneki. Estradiol ndohwaJehovha hadzi mahormone, izvo anobudiswa uye varume. Chikonzero ndechokuti mari vakawedzera kuti mafuta muviri muvanhu, umo varume kemikari testosterone iri dzikwanise munhukadzi estradiol. SHBG - kemikari tichisunga globulin, kana glycoprotein rinobatanidzwa chokufambisa zvepabonde hormone anogadzirwa chiropa.

Kutyora hormone munhurume

Male bonde hormone vavo mashandiro kuti chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo dzomuviri. Kutyora hormone munhurume anogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakawanda.

A mukuru FSH azvipire kunoratidza kutyora gonadal basa, renal kukundikana, pfungwa anomera. Chimwe chikonzero vapamatunhu FSH ndiye chidhakwa. Low kwevari FSH kunoratidza kuderera mune pituitary shwanu kana hypothalamus, uyewo kuchengetwa kufutisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, hormone kusaenzana inogona kunokurumidziswa zvachose Hakuna Basa zvinhu, semuenzaniso, izvozvo anowedzera pashure ndima maekisirei kana zvimwe mishonga.

kutyorwa kwakadaro uye chikonzero kuchinja padanho luteinizing kemikari. Asi kuwedzera Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga mumuviri, kukonzera kuvhiringidzika anogona kuva banal ezvinhu anoodza mwoyo, neanorexia nervosa, kufutisa kana kuputa. Kuwedzera uwandu testosterone muropa kunoratidza hyperplasia isiri yekenza adrenal munyama, namamota, uye ayo rutapudzo hunhu renal kukundikana, kufutisa, zvirwere zviri gonads.

High kana yakaderera prolactin munhurume chiremba anopa chikonzero kufungidzira murefu kana hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction, renal kukundikana, cirrhosis, thyroid wenyonganyonga, autoimmune zvirwere nezvimwe zvirwere. Uyezve, chikonzero kuwedzera kwevari kemikari rinogona kutemesa musoro, beriberi, muchipfuva kunotevera, kushandisa dzimwe mishonga.

Changing uwandu estradiol kungava nokuda mishonga, kusvuta, nzara, uye kubuda kwezvirwere siyana dzakadai cirrhosis, testicular bundu, prostatitis, hyperprolactinemia uye nezvimwewo. Panzira, dzimwe nguva varume kemikari anogona kuonekwa muropa pamuviri (human chorionic gonadotropin), ndiro anoratidza testicular kenza.

Zvaunofanira kuziva pamusoro zvepabonde kemikari vanosungirwa globulin,?

Kemikari kunyorerana globulin, inonzi glycoprotein. It anosunga kune androgens uye estrogens. Other steroid mahormone, akadai progesterone, cortisone nezvimwe corticosteroids kusungira kuti transcortin. SHBG ane anotevera zvinhu:

- The optimum nzvimbo dzepabonde mahormone, kusanganisira testosterone utano pachiyero uye estradiol, ndiyo huru chezvinonhuwira chero nzira kurwisa kukwegura.

- A kemikari kunokosha regulator kuti testosterone uye estrogen, mutoro kugoverwa dzepabonde mahormone pamuviri.

- kutyora dzepabonde kemikari tichisunga globulin, chokuita vakurumidze kukwegura vose varume navakadzi uye akawanda zvinouraya, kusanganisira zvemwoyo chirwere, mhando 2 cheshuga, metabolic urwere, hope kufema uye osteoporosis.

Male mahormone vakadzi

Zvichida mumwe kushamisa, asi vakadzi vanoda varume mahormone. In diki zvakawanda, ivo kunobatsira muviri, chero nhamba yavo yakanga mukati hwakagadzwa dzemunharaunda. Somuenzaniso, kugadzirwa testosterone vakadzi kunobatsira kuti zvepabonde dzavo uye libido, ane kwaibatsira pamusoro ari sebaceous omumuviri, budiriro uye pfungwa chaitika. Kana testosterone muropa riri zviri zvishoma, mukadzi akaita kwakakwidziridzwa lethargy, utera, zvinogona kunzi, ari rinochinjwa kuva "wachena mbeva". Yakakwirira mahomoni, kusiyana, kunowedzera utsinye, unoita mufananidzo kupfuura vanhu, uyewo vanotsamwisa ganda matambudziko. Inosimudzira testosterone vakadzi vangava uchapupu zvoutano: kutyora adrenal omumuviri, ovaries, pituitary kana hypothalamus. Kuderedza kwevari kemikari riri kukonzerwa itsvo kukundikana, nezvinetso uremu.

Androgen kusaenzana uyewo kunokonzera kuvhiringidzika muviri. Mukadzi chirwere yakawedzera hairiness pamusoro makumbo, maoko, muchipfuva, chiso, mburwa. Yakakwirira kwevari androgens kungaita kuti mukadzi kushaya mbereko, kupfupfudzika.

Sei kutora bvunzo kuti mahormone?

Kuongorora pachiyero mahormone pamuviri, anofanira kuiswa kuna Kuongororwa ropa kubva tsinga. Migumisiro kuva yakarurama, kuti kuongorora kukurukura asingabviri kudyiwa uye wokupedzisira kudya anofanira kutora maawa dzinenge 8-10. Masikati, vanofanira kurega kusvuta, doro, bonde, uye kunyanya muviri. Achirega kuteerera mitemo izvi zvingaita kuti chinokosha kukanganisa nemigumisiro.

Vakadzi vanofanira kuona mushandi utano achitora mharidzo ropa, zuva kumwedzi kana pamuviri, nekuti mamwe mahormone vanofanira chete mamwe mazuva, kana kuti zvingave kukanganisa kunaka mugumisiro. Kana zvichava zvakakodzera kudzokorora kuongorora pashure kurapwa, zvinokosha kupfuura zvose bvunzo imwe chete yezvirwere.