Ladoga Canal zuro uye nhasi

Mumwe mukuru zvivako, izvo aisungirwa Russia kuna chevaux Peter Rokutanga, ndiye Ladoga Canal. Panguva iyoyo, airidza chihombe basa kukura mamiriro, kuona dambudziko isina kutengeserana Europe uye kwete chete. Makore mazana maviri gwara akaenda nhumbi ngarava. Nhasi inzvimbo apo Leningrad Region vagari vanoda kuzorora uye hove. Vazhinji vavo vane bindu iri CHT "19 km Ladoga Canal."

kwavanogara mashoko

Ndiani vokuRussia havazivi kunozivikanwa Lake Ladoga? Pashure pezvose, yaiva zambuko rinoponesa upenyu-nezviuru Leningrad panguva blockade. Zviri mhenderekedzo kwegungwa uye kunosvika Ladoga Canal. Schlisselburg uye New Ladoga - guta, izvo iri munharaunda yayo yokupedzisira pakashama. Canal rinobatanidza nzizi mbiri - Neva uye Volkhov. Its kureba 117 makiromita. Staraya Ladoga zvinofambirana Ladoga Canal.

MARARAMIRO kuvaka

Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1703 mambo Russian Peter Mukuru akatanga kuvaka guta iri Delta of Neva River, izvo kuridza basa guru mune ramangwana. The pfungwa yakanga chikuru, asi pachake kwakakanganisa risafambira mberi Nzvimbo zvinhu vakasarudzwa kuti kuvakwa. Akanga akapoteredzwa vakawanda marshes yorwizi, saka nerubatsiro zvinhu zvaigona kuitwa chete yechando, apo madziva akafukidzwa gobvu chando. Kana Lake Ladoga, akasiyana chisimba "se" uye vakauraya ngarava vanopfuura zana nevanhu uye katakura. Mukuwedzera, midziyo yaigara pamusoro Vyshnevolotskaya gang kubva Volga kuBaltic, akangoti havana dzakagadzirirwa kufamba mugungwa nokuda rakadzika kunaya. Dutu yakaenderera mberi Ladoga, vaisiyana zvishoma kubva kugungwa uye mavhiri motokari akadai kana splinters.

A guru yemberi aifanira ivakwe. Uye nokuda kwaizvozvo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti pave kutengeserana kubatana Europe. The Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mhinduro Petro vaiona pakusikwa gwara, ichagadzirisa yokunzvenga kugungwa rinobatanidza kuBaltic pamwe Nordic nyika. It pakutanga rainzi Emperor Petra Velikogo Canal, ipapo Petrovsky, Ladoga, uye nhasi Unonzi Ladoga Canal. Nyaya yake yakatanga muna 1718 pamwe nechirevo Peter I kutanga kuvakwa.

Kuvaka mugero pana Peter

Mitanhatu pashure chirevo ichangobva kutaurwa akatanga muRussia rechitatu pakukura chivakwa nguva Peter Mukuru (vekutanga nevechipiri - ndiye St. Petersburg uye Kronstadt).

Maererano gwaro, Ladoga Canal inofanira kuva makubhiti 25 makiromita uye kureba 111 makiromita, ndichitora yakatangira munharaunda Novaya Ladoga uye "finishiruya" muna Shlisselburg. Pakashama ayo pakutanga aronga kwete kushongedzera.

Construction chaizova zvakaoma uye kudhura chaizvo. The Emperor kunyange akasuma yose Russian inokosha "gwara" mutero 70 masendi pamusoro mumwe murimi mudiki mumhuri uye 5 kopecks kubva Ruble nomumwe inowanikwa vatengesi.

Peter ndakanga pachangu kubatanidzwa kuzadziswa pfungwa dzake. Zvaanazvo wokutanga mugero rehurukuro. Mukuwedzera, mambo pachake zvifambiswe mu wheelbarrows pasi kuti dhamu ramangwana nezuva kuvakwa rokutanga.

(- 60 000 vanhu vose) serfs, vanhuwo zvavo uye masoja: akawandisa vanhu Kubva 1719 kusvika 1723 mabasa vakanga raitarisirwa Major General Skornyakov-Pisarev kufarira kuvakwa. Vazhinji vavo vafa, asingakwanisi kukurira hasha ekunze uye zvikuru nokushanda ezvinhu. Izvi, uyewo Great Northern War, kudziviswa basa iro Peter akaronga kupera kwemakore maviri.

Muna 1773-m, vakasvika panzvimbo yacho uye dzinoongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, Kesari raiva kugutsikana chaizvo pamwe kumhanya basa. Furriers-Pisarev uye vabatsiri vake - nyanzvi dzokugadzira veGermany - vakasungwa, uye curator yaivakwa mumwe Peter akagadza refutenendi mukuru - Burchart-Christopher of Munnich.

Wakabuda livelier - Ladoga Canal yakawedzera kusvetuka uye miganhu. Munnich akakwezva earthworks hondo kuti wakakurumidza izvi; uye zvinganaka kuwedzera Gateway chirongwa, izvo vaifanira kudzivirira Canal kubva vibrations dzemvura Lake Ladoga.

Kugadziridzwa urongwa akaita Petro hondo wePersia, apo vakawanda servicemen akatora mugove yokuvakira hwakatamisirwa, asi unopfuura izvi haana kuchinja.

By October 1724 zvakanga akagadzirira chikamu Canal unobatanidza musha Novaya Ladoga Dubno. On nzvimbo iyi Petro kunyange vakakwanisa kuchovha, uye kuuya pamusoro mugero yaiva wokupedzisira kwaari.

Kuvaka pasi Catherine Wokutanga

Akafa Peter pachigaro choumambo chikatsiviwa Catherine kutanga. Kana kuvaka pamusoro payo kwenguva yakati ndakadaro asi Munnich, bolevshy nokuti chirongwa hapana muduku pane mukupera changamire, wakaita kuti basa tatangazve. Sezvo 1728 Ladoga Canal akaramba kuvaka nokukurumidza kumhanya.

Akasiya wokupedzisira tatamuka, asi zvakanga yakaomesesa nemhaka matombo ivhu. On a chidimbu chiduku unobva rwizi Neva uye Kobona, akatora sezvinobvumirwa 2 years.

Kuvaka Canal yakapera muna October 1730 st.

Panovhurwa Ladoga Canal

It kuitira zvakaitika kuti akazarura brainchild Petro ndava kwete mutsivi wake uye mukadzi wake Catherine Rokutanga, uye mwana wemunin'ina wavo Anne Ioannovne, akanga atsiva Catherine kuti "romukova".

The mhemberero buri kwakaitika musi March 19, 1730. Panguva yake Empress Anna pachake akaparadza nefoshoro rusvingo yokupedzisira (jumper) muguta Shlisselburg.

Maererano chiteshi, razova rakakura hydraulic mabasa Old World, takatanga kuenda nemidziyo.

makore rokutanga oparesheni

nguva yokutanga nemvura kutakurwa nhumbi kutakurwa bhiza traction. Mugwagwa achitevedza Ladoga Canal yairamba izere namabhiza (kana, zvishoma nguva nenguva, Burlakov), izvo achishandisa twine kudhonzwa kutongwa.

muitiro munyaya muchiuto, uyewo vanozvipira kubva rehurumende.

Kanda okuvaka itsva nokukurumidza tinoshandurirwa rakapoteredza. A kurudziro simba kuti kukura vacho basa, hove, zvokurima, handicraft. Vagari rakakura zvishoma nezvishoma, akavaka maguta, mumisha uye maguta.

Motokari ukoshi Staraya Ladoga (zvino Petrovsky) mugero zvakanga zvakaoma kuona. Uyezve, akanga paakavapa mamiriro inokosha uto jeri.

Kuparadza uye kuberekwazve

Makore gumi kuvakwa Peter Mukuru kumhanya zvakanaka. Asi kushaya zvakakodzera cherechedzo, kutarisirwa uye kugadzira kwainge kunaka basa. The mugero vakatanga hupere. Yakapararawo pakashama dzakatenuka kuparara, mvura haina kukwana, iye zvakaipisisa yakazara.

Izvi Mamiriro ezvinhu anosiririsa akapomerwa Munnich. Maererano dare, refutenendi-General akatumwa kuutapwa kuSiberia.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri 1759-1762 vakaedza A. P. Gannibal (aka - Arap Petra Mukuru), asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Uye achangobva Munongedzo kubudikidza Catherine wechipiri Munnich Rinotarisira kununura mugero pakuparadzwa zvachose. Iye akaita yavaive mari kubva Treasury kubvisa gwara uye overhaul chakasakara zvivako.

Kufarira kubudirira kushanda kunze pachake Ekaterina inoshandiswa kuona, uye pamusoro wake pachake, iye akapiwa pamusuo itsva. Papera nguva paiva nomumwe mukova muna Shlisselburg. Zvose izvi yakawedzera vachikwanisa mvura tsinga, uye muedzo wake vakatanga kuenda kunyange zvakaoma. Kuwedzera nemarori, ikoko akatanga kuitwa uye mutakurwi kutakura pamusoro nezvikepe anokosha - treshkotah. Navigation dzaiita zuva rimwe kusvika mazuva zana maviri pagore.

The chidzoke of "mutsivi"

The Russian wehurumende kwakasimbiswa, pakafunuka wezvokutengeserana akakura, uye Staraya Ladoga gwara yava kwakaoma kuzadzisa "mitoro" kwaakaita. Saka, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka imwe gwara.

kuchangobva kuvaka kwakatanga muna 1861 uye dzakaguma kare 1865. Pakutanga chiteshi ainzi pashure Alexander II, uyo akatanga chirongwa, uye ipapo ainzi Ladoga.

Ndiwo mamiriro ichi, mumwe ane simba uye yepamusoro pasuo aiva makubhiti 50-60 metres, akatora mutariri mukuru "rova". A Staraya Ladoga (aka Petro) mugero pamusoro izvo kutumirwa kurega kunyange pashure nokusanaya kwemvura 1826, rakanga riri "pakachengeteka ichimirira." Maererano naye, "yaiitisa" matanda, ngarava pamwe uswa, uyewo midziyo isina chiro kudzoka vachibva St. Petersburg.

Apo pakutanga 20 remakore fung mune zvakafanana migero yakagadzirwa njanji, vakawira rinooneka riri kudiwa vose waterways.

Ladoga Canal nhasi

Chii chaizvo ndivo Ladoga Canal nhasi? Photo yake mwoyo ... Zvinonzi inenge yaoma uye vashoma netsanga uye uswa. The chikuru purojekiti Petra Velikogo rakanyatsojeka pathetic - dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda yakafara hakurevi kusapfuudza munhu mita. Zvakanaka kutarira chikamu nzira, iyo nepano munharaunda Shlisselburg - mumatenhere havasi vazhinji kwazvo, uye kunyange mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzaunogona kushambira vari muchikepe chiduku. Pasi dziva riri rakagumbatirwa gobvu rukoko zvaisanganiswa ruchiyerera dzenzvimbo raishanda hapana.

Kunyange zvakadaro, hydro anoramba kunzwa mudunhu. Somuenzaniso, vezvenhau kazhinji tinogona kuwana mashoko pamusoro tsaona musi Staraya Ladoga mugero kana vatyairi rombo rakaipa igobhururuka penzira uye vawane mumvura chaimo. Vazhinji tsaona izvi zvinosuwisa, inopera fatalities.

Asi kwete chete pazviitiko zvakadaro ngozi rangarira veko mugero. Chekutanga, ayo pamhenderekedzo iri SNT, unonzi - "19 km Ladoga Canal"; uye chechipiri, pano kunogona hove akanaka!

mumunda vemunharaunda

Makore akawanda akapfuura, nyika iri pedyo kupa asarudzwa mudzidzi Chikwata. Hurumende dzinounzwa kwokurangana vanhu pano, uye vanofara vapa inogarwa, dzimba uye kukura michero nemiriwo. Rimwe zvinhu izvi - ". 19 km Ladoga Canal" SNT Riri munzvimbo ine yevedza nzvimbo, akapoteredzwa masango, apo zhizha izere howa uye muchando unogona state. miti Birch, nemipaini uye spruce kukura munzvimbo uye Chikwata.

nyika CHT "19 km Ladoga Canal", wongororo iyo kazhinji akanaka - ndiro hope vomumaguta mazhinji vanoda kukwanisa nguva nenguva kuzorora kubva kumhanya-mhanya kuti guru iri pamakumbo hwezvisikwa.

The Association chinhu Asphalt mugwagwa kuti nzvimbo ine kupomba chiteshi, kudiridza mvura inogona kutorwa kubva mumatsime.

Ladoga Canal: hove uye mamiriro ayo

Nhasi, kana rwendo ari Staraya Ladoga mugero akarega zvachose, haana ukoshi hwayo maererano hove. Zvechokwadi, hazvibviri pazvinhu zvose munzvimbo (vamwe yaoma zvikuru, uye mumwe haasi kunhonga nokuda dacha, kana tsanga), asi dzimwe nzvimbo zviri "chingwa."

Zvakanakisisa uwane hove kubva injini chikepe. Asi munharaunda Novaya Ladoga dzakawanda munzvimbo zviri nyore kuisa tsvimbo ichiyangarara hove kana kugadzira kubva kumahombekombe. Dzinowanikwa Staraya Ladoga kabhu, knot, tench, bream, roach, Ruff, Ide, bream, rotan, knot, Pike uye mamwe marudzi hove. Pane kudaro rokuedza nzvimbo, iyo anobvumira kupinda mvura uye "kuvhima" kuti kugadzirwa anenge nemaoko. Ndapota vehove Yabatwa muromo nesplavnyh mugero vabati vechibharo.

Fishing zvinogoneka chero nguva yegore. Kusarudza zvakarurama anokurukura uye chiteyeso, unogona kuvimba kubudirira.

Staraya Ladoga - chinhu mutaviridziro UNESCO

Havasi vose vanoziva kuti Staraya Ladoga mugero, akacherechedza gore rapera ayo 285th zuva, ari kurindwa nevakuru UNESCO. The sangano rakabatanidza pfuma iri World Heritage list, nokuti kare ukoshi.

Zvinosuruvarisa njodzi kupa kusvikira asina maturo. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zviri zvishoma nezvishoma kufa. Water zvishoma, uye marara pamahombekombe vakawanda ose gore. Kunyange mamiriro haana urongwa kukwira rokuvakazve Staraya Ladoga. Kana iwe kupora ndichavamanikidza ipapo chete munzvimbo avo riri Shlisselburg uye Novaya Ladoga.

chishamiso yakaitwa

Nyika haisi kwazvo zvisikwa namaoko evanhu kuti vanodzedzereka zvokufungidzira. Petrovsky mugero (aka Staroladozhsky) - mumwe wavo. vomunguva yedu, vakapamba zvekushandisa mberi, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti vanhu vari wezana remakore rechi18, pasina dzinokosha michina nezvimwewo vakakwanisa kuvaka muchina yakadaro. Nhasi, kunenge fungidziro chairo. Asi chokwadi, hapana mashiripiti akanga asipo. Just zviuru vashandi kuvakwa vakabayira upenyu hwavo nekuda kuziva kuti hope Peter Mukuru, uye akaita zvisingaiti.

vanobatwa izvi chikwereti kuvapo kwavo uye mugero pacharo uye guta, iro nezvose chakatangwa uye uyo kwaifanira kuva guta guru chinopenya yeRussian Empire.