Kukura landings: GOST, zvinhu uye mhando

Zvikwiriso ndivo vaiita kutaurirana pakati pamakamuri, panguva dzakasiyana siyana. zvimwe zvose Zvivako (ramps, elevators) vanoonekwa kuti inokosha kufamba zvinoreva.

Mashandiro masitepisi ndiyo inonzi kwevanhu. Ivimbiso yavo vakachengeteka uye kunyaradzwa. Nokudaro, muna muitiro achizvivakira maumbirwo tenzi rimwe rinotungamirirwa zvinodiwa nemitemo kusimuka chaiyo mueni uye SNiPY akadaro.

Zvinhu pamanera hurongwa

Pasinei kuwanda kwemarudzi uye mhando nezvikwiriso chinosanganisira anoverengeka chikuru zvinoriumba:

• A kutiza masitepisi (span). Saka akadana mamiriro vachida unobatanidza maviri uriri pedyo. Pane muganhu, maererano izvo chete span hakufaniri madhigirii anopfuura 12. Kana nhamba iyi shoma ndiwo matanho matatu.
• Area - a yakatambarara vanoda Kufananidzira inodiwa Manera ose zvekuratidzira anoverengeka.
• Fence - ichi fanira zvinoriumba kugadzirwa ine banisters uye handrails. It anoiswa pamwe chete kana mativi pezvikwiriso. Type, nokukwirira uye nzvimbo inodiwa chaiyo iri tsika nzvimbo.

Ndezvipi kumhara uye chii basa raro?

Landings, izvo kukura zvakare mitemo yaidzorwa vanomiririra nzvimbo pakati zvekuratidzira maviri. Kuvakwa kumhara zvinokosha, kana kureba mutsetse yaMarch akapfuudza akabvumira muganhu kana kuti vakaronga kuvakwa anofamba maviri necheparutivi kune mumwe.

Basa kumhara ndechokuti inova kwerudzii "dzaifanoiswa yacho", ane zvenguva eremendi, naro kuzvimba vanhu vanokwanisa zororo. Uyezve, ichi rokuti manera rinoshandiswa kuti makemikari remubatanidzwa Flights maviri masitepisi.

At masitepisi siyana (kururamiswa, muhombe, curved) nharaunda dzine ose 10 - 14 inegumi. Panyaya kwekuronga pakuvaka chokugara dzimba, asi chinguva angava 15 - 20 matanho.

Kukura landings

Kufanana nevamwe parameters zhinji, upamhi, kudzika uye zvinhu kumhara pasi mutemo. Hwaro Kugadzirwa zvose izvi mitemo ravapo hanya kuchengeteka uye ichinyaradzwa vanhu kuda kushandiswa magadzirirwo.

• Nokuti mumwe mufananidzo, pane Manera zvinoenderana entryways. miganhu dzavo dziri dzaona inobva paavhareji rwakafara danho kwevanhu.
• Zvinodiwa anoratidza kuti avo upamhi haagoni kuva yakareba nzendo. Muzviitiko, akadai pave nomunhu chirongwa, Minimal upamhi ikanyanya anofanira kuva 640 mm.
• Kuti kubatana mbiri dzakafanana yaidzika voos, upamhi pamasitepisi kunge zvinenge 130 mm. Izvi anoenzanisa kusvika maviri matanho paavhareji munhu.
• Other hukuru entryways (kudzika uye urefu) akaverenga nokuda Masvomhu kana Nenyaya Iyi pamwe noupamhi kufora.

The parameter ukoshi Kudzika sezvo yemanyorero mari uye upamhi havatsiki mumwe danho:

• Shoma udzamu = danho upamhi + pakureba rimwe danho

Nokuti pakuvaka kumhara paivakwa dzinza kufora kushandisa chete nenheyo kukarukureta. Kana zvakakodzera, kuwedzera kudzika guru zvivako izvozvo, anofanira kunge vakawanda pakati shoma udzamu.

Features platforms tenderera masitepisi kana zvivako nevasiri mureza matanho

Kazhinji paivakwa imwe private imba kana multi-pamwero dzokugara kunge akarwawo yavakwa zvikuru akanaka (asi dzimwe nguva handizvo chaizvo nyore) helical kana zononoka masitepisi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuvakwa kwakadaro hakuna ndaizoitwa mukuru chokwadi kukwira pamusoro pavo hakusi nyore sezvo masitepisi pamwe ngaatarire zvekuratidzira.

Miganhu ine masitepisi uye platforms helical uye zononoka ezvirevo vari pasi pakuomerera chaizvo chidhiraivho.

Muzviitiko apo kutevedzana masitepisi pa necheparutivi pakati 135 kusvika 180 inegumi, ukuru zvenguva munzvimbo inogona uye asingasviki 640 mm.

Zvisinei, zvaidiwa kukura iyi unoda, kana iri nzvimbo yakaita nemwaranzi rakakamurwa sezvikamu zviviri, kana panyaya yokuvaka maviri chechetere platforms. Sezvineiwo, kusiyana kureba pakati mbiri pachikuva mumatunhu vanofanira kuva vakaenzana danho kukwirira.

Akati Minimum divi yokupinda (640 mm) akakodzera kuti dzeraundi uye zononoka manera pamwe matanho ari "hanzi danho".

Masitepisi senzira kubvisa

Waidzora kuvakwa masitepisi mukuvaka kunodiwa kazhinji vazhinji, GOST uye SNIP ane mirayiridzo kunyanya kuomesa. Izvi imhaka yokuti kukura landings imhaka kwete chete kune zvido yokuvaka uye wakachenjera anowana, asi pakutanga nehanya abudirire uye yakachengeteka kubvisa kana moto kana zvimwe njodzi.

The vakawanda zvinodiwa:

• Zvaidiwa hukuru (upamhi nokudzika) nzvimbo.
• Kusavapo zvisingakoshi zvinhu uye mazano pamatanho ane wakawedzera zadymlyaemosti ngozi.
• Kuita dzokunze uye kubvisa namatanho noncombustible zvinhu.
• Zvaidiwa zvakakwana jekeso pamusoro masitepisi nokushandiswa kwemishonga uye chakagadzirwa zvinyorwa chiedza (chinjika hwindo kukura pamusoro landings kwavo nokushanda mhando).

Chii chinofanira kuva masitepisi uye platforms pamusoro zvashata pamatanho?

Achironga kubvisa uye kununurwa mabasa yaidiwa kuvaka mukuru-vosimba zvivakwa kana zvivako zvinoshandiswa nevoruzhinji.

Regulation inobata kwete chete overflights uye landings. Dimensions (Standard rinoti dzinokosha parameters) pakati zvinhu izvi, uyewo kukura corridors, izvo yakabatana zvivako izvi, haafaniri tsaukai chakaipa nazvo.

Saka, Kufamba upamhi kuti anogona kushandiswa kubvisa haana atova pamukova yokutanga pazviri. Dimensions stairwells uye anofamba:

• For zvivako boka F 1,1 (moto chengetedzo zvinoitwa nokuda multi-storey zvivakwa, umo kamuri aronga kana kwenguva mutsigiro vakawanda vanhu) saizi iri 1350 mm.
• Kana pamusoro guva chivakwa (kunze rokutanga) vachava panguva kuva vanhu vanopfuura 200, manera Hachifaniri asingasviki 1200 mm.
• In Kana apo manera anoenda kubasa mumwe munhu, zvingava noupamhi 700 mm.
• Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nhamba iyi inofanira kunge neavhareji ukoshi 900 mm.

Chii kuita masitepisi?

Nokuti zvaAtemisi masitepisi dzavo chinokosha (anofamba, balusters, fence, platforms) zvinonyatsoenderana vazhinji nezvinhu:

• Tree.
• Metal.
• Glass.
• Stone.

Zvisinei vakakodzera akaparadzana tsananguro Manera, chakagadzirwa nekongiri. Kazhinji, mashoko akashandiswa pakuvaka mukuru-simukai zvivakwa uye zvivakwa paruzhinji kushandiswa. For mudzimba kazhinji vanosarudza huni, simbi kana mubatanidzwa anoverengeka zvinhu (simbi kuti girazi, nebwe matanda).

Concrete - a-chinja zvinhu

Concrete masitepisi uye platforms pakati pavo kazhinji aumba kubva prefabricated okunze. zvakagadzirwa zvakadai ine mukuru zvinhu mugwaro (Minimum B15) uye kurwa ine simbi puranga.

Mubasa kugadzirwa nekongiri zvigadzirwa mafekitari emakambani ane mabasa zvachose inodzorwa, saka yokuvaka haana kunetseka pamusoro zvaidiwa nemitemo gadzira. Zvisinei, chete pamusoro tenzi vavaki zvinodiwa pakuti ungano akarurama nokukiya ezvirevo.

Concrete Slabs masitepisi (kukura vanosarudzwa inobva kukura chivakwa uye anofamba upamhi) zvinoshandiswa kuvaka zvidhina uye zvivako kongiri, uyewo panyaya yokushandisa unyanzvi zvabatanidzwa.

mukurumari yavo, zviri nyore uye mikana kukuru akajeka yekudyidzana mhanyisa uye aivabatsira kuvaka kwacho.

Stairwells Akazadzisa kongiri (saizi asingadi kukanganisa chokupika) inokurudzirwa achigadzirira nechinzwano kwokunze masitepisi. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti chesamende zvigadzirwa achagona kuramba ehupfumi dzavo pasina ezvinhu hasha zvakatipoteredza. The kunonyanyisa tembiricha zvinobvumidzwa inofanira kuva pasi -40 inegumi.

Decorating stairwells

Finished manera chakagadzirwa nekongiri, ndakagadza mukati mhenyu nzvimbo, vari cased namapuranga kuvanga, pendi kana pamusoro makapeti yavo.

Good uye refu Manera vari mudungwe pamwe zvedongo Tile, laminate kana floorboard.

Kushandisa danda kana simbi sechinhu mashoko Manera inoda rokumanikidzirwa mufananidzo pamusoro rakapera chigadzirwa. Inobva zvechadenga zvinhu yasarudzwa lakokrasyaschie zvakafanira nzira:

• Munhuwo pendi nokuti simbi.
• Emulsions uye adhesives huni.
• Special pendi nokuti nhengo mhando huni.

Nzira huru kuti ndishongedze uye kuvandudza pangozi nendege ine masitepisi uye platforms achiva pokugara backlight. Kakawanda vakasarudzwa kuti chinangwa ichi LEDs (kuroora rambi kana tepi). Vari wakaiswa achitevedza fenzi kunhivi mukomberedzo kwenzvimbo, kana iri pasi matanho.