Ipai - chii ichi? Sei kugadzira nayo?

Vazhinji zvenyaya kutarisana kwezvakatipoteredza kwevanhu ano nhasi vari anosikwa kushandisa kombiyuta Graphics zvirongwa. Pasina Visualization akaita 3D-vemifananidzo, haagoni kuita chinhu mapurani kana kugadzirwa Studio kana Vanoburitsa mitambo yepakombiyuta. Mabikirwo pakusika mifananidzo yakadaro - photorealistic kana simulating siyana unyanzvi mitoo - chinosanganisira anoverengeka muitiro matanho. Dzoserai - chinonyanya kukosha vavo, chokupedzisira, iyo anosarudza yokupedzisira mugumisiro.

Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti

Shoko "Ipai" (kana "itira") ndizvo, wakafanana zvikuru chokuita ruzivo IP anotsanangura, kubva mutauro Chirungu. Rinobva Old rendre French, rinoreva "kuita", "kuti", "shure", "shure". Chakadzama Midzi rechiito anodzokera Latin vekare: ré - chivakashure rinoreva "shure", uye wakatsunga - "kupa".

Nokudaro - mumwe ano zvinorehwa rokuti. Ipai - ichi kusanganisira mutoo rokuvakazve munhu planar mufananidzo kwakavakirwa-dimensional matatu womuenzaniso kuti rine mashoko pamusoro ehupfumi zvokunyama chinhu - ayo chimiro, pamusoro magadzirirwo, kuvheneka uye zvichingodaro.

Ipai uye Visualization

Ndokuburukira kutanga kupinda duramazwi avo nenyanzvi mubasa digitaalinen ruzivo kusika zvifananidzo, shoko iri kuwedzera kushandiswa kushandiswa nezuva. Ipai makagadzirira dzinoshandura kubvunza Somuenzaniso, apo vachirayira fanicha - chimwe chinhu kana ezvinhu kamuri, uye magadzirirwo menyika kana shanduro yose chivakwa - ichi ndechimwe huru nzira kuratidza yeGmail.END_STRONG zvinoreva mapurani kana wakachenjera Pfungwa.

Kune zvakafanana, zvakafanana zvakunoreva uye rinowanzoshandiswa zvisingatomboiti ezvinhu, kunyange zvakawanda yainetsa - Visualization. Pakati nyanzvi mapurani kana uchitamba mutambo kombiyuta Graphics nhasi vakasarudza kuva yakamanikana specialization: pane avo vari kuita Modelling - mukusika-dimensional matatu zvinhu, uye vaya vanopa shanduro yacho yapera chiitiko - anoisa chiedza, sarudza pfungwa maonero uye rinovira, uye rinotanga kushandura purogiramu.

tsanangura

Shoko iri rine zvirevo zvakawanda:

• Ipai kana shanduro - vanoita muitiro mvumo hwokugadzira kana unyanzvi planar bitmap mufananidzo kwakavakirwa-dimensional matatu digitaalinen mienzaniso zvakasikwa pachishandiswa chaiyo Software package - Blender, 3D Max, cinema, Maya and unto.
• Ipai - Kutaura zvazviri, nemhaka kwakadaro kwacho - munhu Raster mufananidzo, mapikicha, uyewo mufananidzo vatambi uye runyararo mitambo kana trideshnikami mavhidhiyo akashandiswa pagadzirwe mafirimu - kuipa kana upenyu.
• Ipai kana renderer - atumidzwa Software chaiyo, hwaishandiswa pane kuchinja 3D-yokutevedzera mumufananidzo. mafomu kwakadaro kunogona kuvakwa mune Graphics pasuru kana aishanda sezvo vakaparadzana mafomu: RenderMan, Mental Ray, V-ray, Corona, Brasil, Maxwell, FinalRender, Fryrender, Modo nevamwe vazhinji. Inoshandura, uyewo zvose zvine chokuita digitaalinen ano, nguva achiudza. Ndivo algorithms akasiyana anoshandiswa umbowo rutapudzo zvainyanya kuitwa mienzaniso uye nharaunda dzavo mumuviri. On zvavo hwaro shanduro yose hurongwa, kubvumira kuti kusika zvinhu zvenyu, magetsi, makamera, uye zvichingodaro. N.

Types kudzorera: online uye prerendering

Kune mhando mbiri inokosha neshanduro, zvichienderana pakukurumidza panguva iyo zvinofanira kuitika vawane rakapera mufananidzo. First --zvechokwadi nguva neshanduro kunodiwa nenzira vatambi chati, kunyanya mune mitambo yepakombiyuta. Pano tinofanira kukurumidza anoshandura, mufananidzo zvinofanira kuratidzwa pakarepo, saka zvakawanda zvaiitika rinowanikwa pachine akazviunganidza muchimiro munhu mashoko. Ava textures dzaanofanira chitarisiko zvinhu uye okuvimba. Zvirongwa kushandiswa paIndaneti kushandura, vachishandisa vainyanya zviwanikwa zvakawanda Graphics kadhi uye kombiyuta Gwaro, uye kuti muduku zvakadini - the processor.

Kushandura zvatinoona zvakawanda zvakaoma nemaziso, uyewo apo nokukurumidza nyaya haisi saka akakodzera sezvo kupfuura kunaka shanduro, uye dzimwe nzira inoshandiswa kushandura chirongwa. Panyaya iyi, simba rizere multi-Musimboti processors, akaratidza soro chisarudzo zvokusarudza, textures, chiedza Data rutapudzo. Aiwanzoshandisa uye postprocessing neshanduro runovabvumira yakakwirira mwero photorealism kana achida hwokudhirowa kushanda.

Nzira dzekufambisa paaipa chiitiko

The Kusarudza nzira achigadzirira mufananidzo kunobva zvikurukuru dambudziko uye kazhinji zvatinoda uye ruzivo visualizer. Iva zvitsva uye zvemazuva kushandura gadziriro - kana zvikuru unyanzvi kana nokudenga. Nhasi, ari mumwoyo inonyanya Software renderer kunobva zvitatu zvinokosha computational nzira:

• Rasterization (Scanline) - iri nzira umo chifananidzo akasikwa miscalculation asina mumwe Dots, pixels, uye rose zviso, polygons uye hukawanika nzvimbo huru. Textures kutsanangura chinhu ehupfumi sechiedza ari muchimiro, yakanyorwa mashoko kuchinja. The zvichiguma mufananidzo kazhinji hazviratidzi maonero okuvhenekesa kuchinja, kudzika munda , uye zvichingodaro. D. Kazhinji kushandiswa kuitira mitambo mumitambo uye hurongwa mu videoprodakshene.
• Ray Kuongororwa (Raytracing) - Physics Chiitiko dzaona pachishandiswa mwaranzi zvinobva kuna rakapotsa kamera izvo mumwe danda uye kuongorora kudyidzana pamwe zvinhu nawo kumbowanikwa yacho. Zvichienderana uwandu uye unhu "gwa" simulates kuratidzwa kana refraction yechiedza, ruvara, saturation uye zvichingodaro. D. The chatingatevedzera zvichizoita mufananidzo kufananidzwa rasterization iri dzinokwanisa yepamusoro, asi nokuda kwayo realism kubhadhara wakawedzera kudyiwa zvinhu.
• Kukarukureta kuti chiedza (Radiosity) - neimwe pfungwa mumwe mufananidzo Pixel hwakapiwa pamwe ruvara kuti yakazvimirira kamera. Zvinonzi kufurirwa pose uye omunharaunda manyuko chiedza uye zvakatipoteredza. Nzira yakadaro anobvumira kukarukureta pakati pakuonekwa pamusoro pechiso muenzaniso uye ruvara chiedza zvichiratidza kubva pedyo zvinhu.

Practice inoratidza kuti zvemberi uye nevakawanda shanduro gadziriro anoshandisa mubatanidzwa vose kana mikuru nzira. Izvi rinobvumira kunonyanyisa Photo-realism uye nderechokwadi ari Mapping rwomuviri pezvakaitwa ari kupiwa chinosiririsa.

kutevedzana neshanduro

Kunyange zvazvo nzira ano vari kombiyuta Graphics, vanosarudza govera kuti ndipe akaparadzana kutotanga, unosanganisira kushandiswa ruzivo uye unyanzvi, chokwadi, zviri vasingasiyani kubva yose muitiro rokugadzirira Visualization. Kana, somuenzaniso, projected kushandura mukati achaenderana mhando zvakashandiswa, uye mumwe nomumwe kuri epasi algorithm simulating kuti unaku uye pamusoro unaku.

Izvi zvinoshandawo nzira mamiriro okuvimba. Kuronga dzinongoitika uye chakagadzirwa chiedza, uye zvivako zvaro donhwe mumvuri, hunenge, simba, kuzvidzora jekeso anokonzerwa - danho rinotevera mukusika sezvinhu Visualization. Sei ndokumisa anorishandura napo pamusoro akashandisa Software uye hurongwa unongotaura. Mumwe pasuru uye chirongwa-visualizer ine subtleties ayo uye nuances.

Somuenzaniso, Corona Renderer ane chinjika zviruva zvakananga panguva kuvapo mufananidzo wokupedzisira. simba mwenje zvinogona kuchinjwa online, kuchinja ruvara, hasha.

Post-kubudiswa zvabuda dzinoshandura

Nokuti chairo zvine musoro kushandisa chaiyo kuri nzira. Mavakirwo kunoda dzimwe nzira kutaura pane pamwe zvemafoni mufananidzo. Anoshandura panze Somuenzaniso, kazhinji zvinoda yokudhirowa nhaka Graphics Mabhokisi kushanda bitmap mifananidzo, kupfuura nevanhu iyo - Adobe Photoshop. Uye kwete nguva dzose kuita kuti dzikurukure photorealism. Current nezvemaitiro pakunamata zvinosanganisira mapurani kutevedzera ruoko-kudhirowa - Watercolour, gouache, ingi kudhirowa, etc ...

Kazhinji yepamusoro shanduro postprocessing rinotanga kusarudza kutsvakwa faira format, ikabereka panopera chirongwa. Chakagamuchirwa kwokupedzisira mufananidzo kuramba akaturikidzana, bhasikoro nomumwe ruvara makwara. Izvi zvinoita kuti vawane dzakakwirira kunoguma rutapudzo pamusoro akaturikidzana vose zvizere, kushandisa yakarurama uye dzisinganyatsooneki ruvara pakuvira.

Ipai uye maitiro waivako

Achiita Qualitative Visualization hakubvi chete pamusoro usashandisa rikurumidze. Pasi mutsetse kunokanganisa simba rakashandiswa "simbi". Kunyanya chikonzero ichi chinobata nokukurumidza - dzimwe nguva kunzwisisa Chiitiko rakashandurwa mazuva mashoma, kana kombiyuta asina RAM zvakakwana kana processor ane pasi yauinayo.

Sei rikurumidze basa uye kuvandudza wokupedzisira mugumisiro, kana zvinhu zviri zvishoma? Unogona kushandura chirongwa Kurongwa, tsaukirai pasi kuti inonzwisisika chisarudzo zvinhu textures uye kupedza mufananidzo nokuchinja kuti parameters pamusoro Fixtures kuitira kuti chiedza uye mumvuri chandakukanganisira kurei nzvimbo, pasina kunyanyisa akadzama uye zvichingodaro. D. Kana uine samambure, unogona kushandisa batch mangé renderer, apo mashoko rutapudzo mufananidzo simba zvaisanganisira dzimwe makombiyuta.

Ipai purazi

Nhasi zvinoita kushandisa simba kure kombiyuta masumbu kuti zvinopa basa batch mangé kubudiswa 3D-mafaira. Izvi mukuru-waivako hurongwa anogona iri pfupi kuona kwazvo uye kwakanyanya mifananidzo. Ivo kutsungirira chero ziso Migumisiro kunyange nokusika mavhidhiyo mafaira refu.

Zivisa Mupi mabasa akadaro, ndandanda rinogona nguva dzose kuwanikwa paIndaneti, yekukubatsirai kukosha uye faira kugadzirira mamiriro, unogona kuponesa zvikuru pamusoro nokukurumidza uye vabudirire zvaida nenhanho chatingatevedzera mufananidzo wokupedzisira. Dzinoshandiswa makambani aya zviri zvakawanda zviuru processors uye mazana terabytes ose RAM. Ipai purazi anoti mari basa, inobva Vhoriyamu panobva faira uye nguva unongotaura Visualization. Somuenzaniso, mari imwe puranga 1920x1080, nokuti basa iri mureza michina izvo zvinoda maawa 3 rubles anenge 100. The zviziviswe rinowanikwa 8 kwemaminitsi.

chisarudzo

Mhinduro kumubvunzo sei kuita shanduro imwe duku uye nyore Maumbirwe chinhu kana mupfumi ziso Migumisiro kuchangamuka mharidzo koteji mumusha, kunoratidza yakasiyana kusvika. Kana ari yakazvimirira muviri basa rakadaro zvakafanira zvakanaka kusarudza Software uye nechokwadi simba midziyo kombiyuta yakakwana. Chero zvazvingava, wokupedzisira danho basa - Ishanduro - dzichabva pakuti iwe vanogutsikana wokupedzisira mugumisiro.