Initial kutyaira nokudzidziswa

Chinangwa dingindira 1 "kurovedza Initial" (8 maawa.) - kudzidzisa vadzidzi kuvaka chidhiraivho, kutyaira motokari rachulis zvakasiyana, achifambisa ari isingachinji kukura uye kumisa motokari panguva yamunenge nzvimbo.

Training chiri kuitwa masikati, ari tireki. Not yakarumbidza nokuti makirasi okutanga musi mumigwagwa. Hupo pamusoro pavo motokari uye netsoka anokonzera kunyanyisa Makakatanwa uye vadzidzi haakonzeri zvishoma nezvishoma kwavari unyanzvi kodzero kushanda chidhiraivho. makirasi Vose zvepuraimari yaifanira mune wakasununguka zvikuru ezvinhu.

Kana kwokutanga dzokutyaira kudzidzisa vadzidzi kudzidza kushanda pamwe chidhiraivho uye tenzi motokari yacho siyana kudzora madzidzisiro, kureva. E. To kushanda kure achityaira unyanzvi. Ichi chinhu chakakosha kwazvo chikamu achityaira unyanzvi. Zvisinei, zviri zvakare hwaro akazotevera kudzidza kutyaira motokari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma muguta, kana kunotangira kutyaira mazano.

Chinangwa zvepuraimari - kudzidzisa vadzidzi anonyanya zvakarurama unongotaura dzokutyaira unyanzvi. Muchiitiko chino, vadzidzi achava uye unyanzvi chaizvo, kunyange zvazvo kukwana. unyanzvi takasimba unyanzvi uchityaira vachaita sezvinoita ushe, pakazopera rwendo somugumisiro kuramba kuvandudzika uye kugadzira navo nekutambira muzvirongwa zvose pamusoro dzimwe nyaya dzokudzidza.

Chinonetsa uye kazhinji nekorasi ndiko kushanda chinoramba chichingorerutsa mitemo uye batira kuzvidzora uye throttle uye giya mhikuriso. Paaidzidzisa basa iri inokurudzirwa kushandisa inonzi "mitemo matatu" kuti vadzidzi vanofanira zvakasimba yeuka: wokutanga - havagoni panguva imwe nguva achizviendesa batira chitiviri uye throttle chitiviri: kana iwe achizviendesa batira chitiviri vomanikidza throttle chitiviri kwamira, kana iwe kuregedza batira chitiviri panguva kumhanyisa rinoitwa vachisundira throttle chitiviri; wechipiri - gearshift mhikuriso bhokisi rinoitwa chete kana batira chitiviri zvizere asunungurwa chitiviri yacho throttle; wechitatu - the batira chitiviri ukasunungurwa uye throttle chitiviri anogara pachaenzaniswa.

Development unyanzvi zvevadzidzi 'zvakarurama basa batira chitiviri uye throttle uye giya mhikuriso - huru zviri kudzidziswa kutanga. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti chinyararire giya kuchinja - chiratidzo unyanzvi kuti kutyaira.

Kurovedza Initial, somumwe, rinoitwa kubva nyore kuti zvakaoma. Vasina chinangwa kufamba rimwe anoratidza nezvisingabvumwi. Vadzidzi vanofanira kugara wana, mabasa matsva zvikuru kunzwisisa. Saka, kudzinga kure pamwe motokari chigaro rinoitwa wokutanga une paasingazonyuri pamusoro sandara pasi, zvino kana motokari mujecha kana chando, uye ipapo kutyaira kure, kana mavhiri mumotokari dziri munoyerera mvura yetsvina. Training giya shanduko rinoitwa pakutanga pasina nguva muganhu, ipapo akavarambidza wayo yakakwirira akurumidze, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Pakazopera yechirongwa pamusoro tenzi anekodzero zvinoda vadzidzi kushanda zvakanaka chete motokari chidhiraivho.

I kukupa nzira kurovedza dingindira hunobatsira "dzidzo Elementary" pachiitwa 3 "Kutyaira pamwe gearshift mu nokuburukira kurongeka" (4 there.).

The muviri ine mabasa maviri:

1. Sequential giya kuchinja kubva pakutanga kusvika pakakwirira kusvikira pakutanga.
2. Braking mumotokari injini uye basa akamedura, nechimbichimbi chemabhazi mumotokari.

Main nguva yokudzidza mugove kuna vanoita wokutanga basa.

Training inotanga kuratidzira tenzi giya michina iri nekuburuka hurongwa. Sezviri tsananguro inoratidza tenzi anokwevera pfungwa vadzidzi ndechokuti kukosha zvenguva gasi anofanira hazvo kuenderana motokari nokukurumidza uye kuti Zvinokoshawo aite ichangobva kutaurwa "mitemo mitatu" .Obuchenie gearshift mhikuriso mu nokuburuka kuti kutanga pana yakadereresa kumhanya ari motokari panguva yakapiwa hutachiwana. Pakazopera chino, uyewo haizopereri kuidzwa mukirasi nevadzidzi dzinofamba dziri nokuburuka kuti zvakafanira kuti omesa nokuwedzera kwokutanga kumhanya motokari. Saka kana pakutanga hurukuro akaita kuti chinja kubva wechina kukwira wechitatu nokukurumidza pane kwokutanga 20 - 25 km / h, mune nekutambira vanoda zvinoda nokuchinja pamwero 30 - 35 km / h kana kupfuura.

Paunodzidza motokari injini braking tenzi yokutanga inoratidza womuchato, uye ipapo coached yayo kuurayiwa pamwe kuwedzera mutengo. Panyaya iyi, shandisa mabhureki vadzidzi hakubvumidzwi.

Emergency wemotokari chemabhazi uye vanopedza panguva pachirongwa. Tenzi inoratidza sei zvashata chemabhazi rinoitwa nevanhu unopinza vachisundira akamedura chitiviri uye ipapo (pamberi chemabhazi) Nokuchinja kubva hutachiwana. Zvinokurudzirwa kuita unyanzvi ichi kushanda kugamuchira pakutanga, pamwe injini inoperative. Ipapo tenzi kufamba kunopa murayiro kumisa motokari unyanzvi ichi, asi zvinoda kuti tiite zviri kunonoka zvitange. Sezvo kuchera kugamuchirwa deceleration zvazvingava kunowedzera, kumisa murayiro zvinoda tenzi tisingazvifungiri vakanyoresa.

Panguva kirasi vadzidzi vanofanira kuteerera kushanda pamwe akamedura chitiviri. Sudden braking vaizongoguma kukonzera yakanyanya kuzara ari zvigadziriswe uye nokukurumidza kusakara uye ari chete kubvumira kuti pakaita chemabhazi mumotokari. On motokari pamwe hydraulic mabhureki hadzina ndaizoitwa zvikuru kusunungura akaputsa chitiviri pashure kudzvanya, sezvo aya anokuvadza zvainoita mashoko huru akamedura humburumbira.

Exercise zvinokurudzirwa hwokugadza zvinotevera kuzvidzora basa: kutamira kure, kumhanyisa sequential gearshift kuti mutsetse, braking sequential gearshift mu achiburuka kuti kubudikidza motokari yokutanga vanorega webasa akamedura.

Vadzidzi vanopiwa "kwazvo" pamberi hapana kupfuura imwe kukanganisa, "zvakanaka" - hapana kupfuura vatatu, "dzinogutsa" - hapana anopfuura mashanu. Zvikanganiso vanonzi chete, sezvo ambotaurwa muviri. Uyezve, tinofanira kunzi kukanganisa kana yezwi yakaderera zvenguva kuchinjwa gasi uwandu haisi kuenderana kumhanya kufamba.

Chiitwa ichi rinopedzisa kumboda vatame kubva panzvimbo nokudzidziswa uye gearshift mhikuriso. In haizopereri chokudzidzisa unyanzvi kuita unyanzvi izvi vadzidzi kuchaita vaita uye nemwero kuchawedzera. Asi chikuru dambudziko iri kare kuchava vamwe, zvikuru kunzwisisa kudzidziswa, achava kutowanikwa inobva unyanzvi akawana vadzidzi muchiitwa izvi pakutanga. Ndokusaka zvichikosha chaizvo panguva iyi kudzidziswa kuti vabudirire kwakarurama zvose zvikanganiso zvinoitwa vadzidzi kana kutama uye panguva giya kuchinja.

zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvinogona kuonekwa kamwechete (somuenzaniso, mudzidzi anotarira chidhiraivho, anochengeta tsoka dzake pamusoro batira chitiviri, kuti chitiviri akaputsa runonditsikirira rutsoka kuruboshwe, etc ...), uye kuti avaruramise nyore - kuramba anoreva vadzidzi vavo. Asi pane zvakawanda akaoma zvikanganiso zvinofanira vakaongorora, kuwana zvinokonzera uye yokuwedzera kurovedzwa kuti avaruramise.

The GM vanofanira kufunga zvikanganiso zvitatu: jerk simba kana motokari ichifamba kure, zvokurega injini kubudikidza mhosva rwomudzidzi uye-geda rachulis kana kuchinja rachulis. Tenzi akatsanangura kuti mhaka kwokukanganisa rokutanga zvinokonzerwa kudzinga vari mukuru kakawanda kutenderera ari crankshaft unopinza kwebasa rinofanira coupling. The Injini nematanga kana kutanga, chero kuti unoshanda yakaderera injini kumhanya, asi batira chitiviri asunungurwa payakakurudzirwa, pasina mhikuriso anosunungurwa kubva yokupakira akaputsa kana kwakaita chemhando giya. Kwete injini unodziyirwa, chikomo kutanga, pamusoro rinorema pasi, kutamira kure-akaremerwa motokari - izvi zvose zvinoda wakakwirira kakawanda vachishandisa kutenderera crankshaft, kana injini anogona kungomira pakati pokushanda kwayo.

Rira rachulis kana kuchinja kunoitika munguva kukwana kudzima batira chitiviri, ane anononoka, wononoka nokuchinja giya mhikuriso apo nokuchinja pasina kaviri cutoffs batira chitiviri, kana zvenguva "gasi" mutengo haisi kuenderana kumhanya kufamba.

The tenzi vanosungirwa kuwana zvinokonzera zvikanganiso, kuratidza kwavari mudzidzi uye kudzidziswa kuti unyatsoteerera kubviswa kwavo.