Information maitiro: mhando uye mienzaniso. Chii - ruzivo hurongwa?

Kufambiswa kwemashoko, chekuenderera mberi muunganidzwa uye marara evanhu vemazuva ano imhaka dzinokosha zvokushandisa: dzevanhu, zvemari, hwokugadzira uye nezvimwewo. Pane imwe nguva, mashoko aya inounganidzwa panzvimbo imwe, vari muronga maererano predefined nzira, kukabatanidzwa kupinda nyore kushandisa chaiyo chawo. Mashoko Hurongwa ibhuku hwaishandiswa kubudiswa nemashoko vakagamuchira. The chikuru basa IP ndiko kupa akakodzera mashoko evanhu. Mune mamwe manzwi, izvozvo zvinogutsa kudiwa ari umboo chinhu mukati zvakafanorongwa nzvimbo. Zvinobikwa mabasa mashoko hurongwa Data rinovira vari muronga framework, siyana marudzi magwaro. Gare gare munyaya tikanyatsoongorora pakugadzwa, mabasa uye zvivako zvivako izvi.

kupatsanura

Information hurongwa, zvichienderana norudzi kubudiswa akagamuchira mashoko vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri. Chokutanga mamiriro, ane basa rinoitwa pasi kunzwisisa mazano. Izvi hurongwa vanokwanisa ironge mashoko pasina. chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, zviri zvoga chirongwa. Chechipiri boka Directory enyika. Havana yakagozha mashoko kugadzira matunhu. Information Hurongwa - chivakwa kuti rinopa mashoko pamusoro chikumbiro chaiyo. It rakagadzirirwa nokukurumidza kudzosa uye chokuendesa mashoko ari nyore format.

Information hurongwa. mamiriro

The chikuru zvebasa maumbirwo ndiko kuunganidza, kubudiswa nokuda kuchengetera uye urongwa mashoko kune vanoshandisa pamusoro chikumbiro. The mhando uye zviri mashoko zvinokonzerwa vaunganidza nezvezvinotaurwa date okuchengetera. Muitiro akadzika mashoko akumbira inobva associative kutsvaka ari Databases (okuchengetera), zvichiteverwa processing navo vari rokushandisa Manyorerwo ane ushamwari. Information gadziriro yacho Archive zvekutepfenyura achibvumira kuunganidza uye amatura Data kwenguva yakareba. Zvinogonekawo kuchinjana mashoko kwokunze zvinyorwa subscribers. Mumwe anogona kumbotipa inotevera mienzaniso: Information gadziriro: madhorobha tsamba, vachizvitumira masangano basa, ongororo madhipatimendi ari mashoko okuchengetera uye nevamwe.

Marongerwo pasi kufunga kunosanganisira zvakawanda zvinhu. The chikuru zvinoumba zvinosanganisira mashoko hurongwa vari:

1. Shared chengetedzo.
2. Specialised namano kuti exchange mashoko ari pamanyorerwo nyore subscribers.
3. Mipata yokukurukurirana.
4. The chinokosha chinhu (the "pfungwa" ari mamiriro, CPU) kurongedza humboo rukova (boka revanhu kana kadambari machine).

Types dhairetori hurongwa

Kune mhando mbiri zvivako: ndeechokwadi uye vhidhiyo. Muchiitiko chokutanga, mashoko-bhuku hurongwa ndivo zvirongwa kuti dzinobva kupa vakawanda akagadzirwa chokwadi: zita kwacho, zita zvinhu, kukosha nevamwe. A vhidhiyo mhando ezvinhu ari unokupai mashoko mumabhatiri mariri ari muchimiro magwaro: mitemo, mirayiro, zvitupa, uye zvichingodaro. Zvivako ndeechokwadi mhando kwakasiyana mumwe date kugadzira kunzwisisa. The Mhando nyore zvakadai hurongwa ndedziya dzinobva chinobva kutsvaka achida mashoko ayo dzigare mairi. More kunzwisisa matunhu kushandiswa nokuda kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kubudiswa humboo chavainacho. Saka, havana kukwanisa Somuenzaniso, kusarudza chete mashoko anodiwa (chokwadi ndima) ari zvachose rwezuva rimwe gwaro. The rakakura kushanda kunoita mamwe mashoko ezvinhu kwakavakirwa mubatanidzwa mhando mbiri: gwaro-ndeechokwadi.

Aissa: tsananguro

The mwero kushandisa michina ine dzinotsanagura kubudiswa mashoko ane chinokosha kukanganisa mabasa chero rubatsiro. Panyaya iyi, richangobva dzakabudirira zvikuru uye rakatangwa zvoga mapurogiramu kutsvaka, mashoko muunganidzwa uye yokuronga patsva. Vari kwakavakirwa simba zvemagetsi makombiyuta. Kuburikidza kukura kushandiswa makombiyuta kwave akwanise zvikuru nedanho updating uye kuchengeta ruzivo. The chikuru zvinhu zvikuru Aissa vari:

1. The rwokugadzira zvinoriumba. Izvi zvakananga watenga kombiyuta, kuita sezvo uropi chimiro, kutaridza ebetsero midziyo kupa ruzivo chiyamuro-goho mano, vachibvumira inodzidzisa kushanda pamwe Database yemagetsi mashoko okuchengetera mano (disks, rinobva matepi, etc.).
2. Kuchengetera date uye software. The zvoga mashoko hurongwa subscribers uye zvakabatanidzwa pachishandiswa vomureza mano (teleprinters). Ivowo, kwakabatana zvakananga kombiyuta vachishandisa runhare kana teregirafu makwara. Kunyanya dzakakurumbira pamwe subscribers vakagamuchira inonyaradza pamwe pakuvara sefa. The tarisisa anoratidza ruzivo kubva Help hurongwa. Zvinonzi zvakare vakapakata chaiwo kiibhodhi inonyaradza, kuburikidza izvo kuzvidzora uye date mukova kunodiwa.

mamiriro Aissa

Zvoga ruzivo gadziriro kunobva ibatanidzo vakawanda repositories. Ivo ane ose anodiwa Data kuti nokushanda kwenhengo mamiriro ichi. Mashoko ari zviite imwe nzira, kufungisisa zvose zvinodiwa kuti chimiro, mhando uye nguva chikumbiro pashure chikumbiro rokushandisa. Padanho mashoko huri hurongwa dzifambirane unhu hwavo uye mamiriro zvakananga anoenderana hunhu uye kuchengetera uwandu.

Kwemasvomhu Software Aissa

Pane rinokosha akagadzirwa zvirongwa kuti vanoita chaizvo algorithms kuti rokutendeutsa umboo uye mafambisirwo kwemasayendisiti zvose kuitika mukati hurongwa. Izvi rworudzi-software inoitwa chete "mitauro pamutemo" shoma:

• kunze nyika achishandisa iyo rinotengeswa nevaridzi zvinowanisa chikumbiro negadziriro;
• ruzivo;
• uye purogiramu;
• zvirongwa.

negoho

Negoho chero bhuku gadziriro iri sei:

• The STRUCTURAL sangano kwemasayendisiti kwakavakirwa sequential kugadzira;
• Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri yavaive pfuma yayo uye modes kushanda;
• Kujeka kunzwisisa User mirayiro.

Uyewo, kuwedzera avhareji zvibereko Aissa runowanikwa kutanga azvino software. It, uyewo, rinokanganisa kukarukureta pezvakaitwa uye anobvumira kushanda multitasking nzira.

Features Aissa

Basa ano ruzivo uye bhuku nehurongwa kwakavakirwa tsanangudzo kukoshesa vari vanoshandisa basa, kusarudza inokosha mabasa. Saka pane chitsva kunangiswa kwacho nokuda zvikumbiro uye outputting muoti ruzivo panguva imwe nguva zvikamu chirongwa. Muzviitiko non-mureza kutsvaka Kurongwa ruzivo, kuti hurongwa anokwanisawo, pasina kushandisa dzimwe mari, kuwana zvakakodzera mashoko. Modern mamiriro anogona pasina kurasikirwa nguva uye unhu mashoko kushumira akawanda vanoshandisa panguva (nhamba chaiyo vagara vandifungira zvemafoni rutsigiro). Chikumbiro Its Aissa rinowanikwa sectors akadai bhizimisi uye zvokurima, achibatsirwa zvoga pezvakaitwa kuitika mabhizimisi uye masangano dzidziso yesayenzi. nevakawanda zvikuru uye zviri pamutemo mashoko uye zvivabatsire ezvinhu kuti unobvumira subscribers kuti Database huru kuwana zvakafanira mashoko ari pamusoro akakumbira normative chiito.