Hagia Sophia Mosque mu Istanbul

Turkey - dzinozivikanwa kumwe akashanyira nezviripo vashanyi. Turkish Republic - saka zvakanaka inonzi nyika ino - rakamiswa kunyanya south-kumabvazuva Europe, uye pamwe kuMiddle East. East, sezvamunoziva, "imwe kusimba nyaya", kwagara kukwezvwa, asi, akanininira vafambi vanobva pasi pose.

tsananguro

Kudeuka guta Zimbabwe Turkey - Istanbul, guta rekare, aimbova guru Byzantine, Roman, hweOttoman uye Latin umambo.

Istanbul: Hagia Sophia - nzvimbo inokosha kushanya

The vashanyi vanosvika pano, kazhinji mubvunzo unomuka, chii chiri mubereko kuona. Hagia Sophia (St. Sophia) - iri temberi yekare, chinonyanya kunakidza kushanyira. Monument ichi mapurani yekare enhoroondo peguta, munharaunda aizivikanwa Sultanahmet. Kare, raiva muzinda Constantinople, riri pedyo Imperial Palace.

Mosque Hagia Sofia - mumwe chikuru zvinokwezva muguta Istanbul (Turkey). Sezvaunoziva, pamberi nyika yakanga iri pamusoro Byzantine Empire, inozivikanwa vapamatunhu nenhanho tsika. Hagia Sophia rinoshandurwa kubva muchiGiriki se "uchenjeri chitsvene". Chokutanga raiva Orthodox Patriarchal Cathedral, uye ipapo anoita mashandiro kuvaka pamusoro chechi (vaMuslim dzechitendero chivakwa), uye ikozvino ichi - miziyamu, mamiriro iyo temberi yaiva yokutanga yezana XX remakore, kutaura zvazviri, muna 1935.

Kuvaka Hagia Sophia raiva rakakura Christian chechi makore chiuru, kusvikira kuvaka St. Petro Basilica (Rome, Italy). The Church - 55,6 metres, uye dhayamita pakati rising rinosvika 31 mamita.

Nhoroondo Chiesa muzvivako

Hagia Sophia yakavakwa 324 - 337 makore ari mukuru musika yaiungana Augustaion pasi Constantine Vokutanga (maererano zvimwe kumwewo - kuna Emperor Constantius kwepiri). temberi yokutanga yaiva vaidavira dzidziso dzaArius ( "vaidavira dzidziso dzaArius" - mumwe dzenzvimbo muchiKristu kutozviita akasika zvisikwa mwanakomana-mwari), ipapo hwakatamisirwa nechiKristu Emperor Feodosiy kutanga. Asi kuvaka akararama refu. Panguva akakurumbira yemuna muna 404, pasi Church akaurayiwa mumoto. Ivakwe panzvimbo yayo imwe chechi itsva Akapisa (415 gore).

By zvarayirwa Theodosius panzvimbo imwe chechi itsva yakavakwa. Basilica - mhando imwe rectangular chivako ane vasinganzwisisike uwandu naves (yakasiyana dzakakwirira). Asi Cathedral iri rakaparadzwa nemoto. Izvi zvakaitika mugore 532, asi mumatongo zvivako chete kuwanikwa Pavaichera ari XX remakore ari mundima Church.

Pashure paizvozvo, moto wechitatu, panguva behest kwaMambo Justinian uye akanga pakukwana Church, iyo zvino unobereka zita Hagia Sophia.

Kuvaka yakanakisisa ezvivako vakakokwa, tine ruzivo kare zvakawanda mhando zvivako zvetemberi. Vaiva Anfimov Trallsky uye Isidor Meletsky. Maererano nengano, pfungwa ezvivako embody ose zuva vashandi vanopfuura zviuru gumi!

In guta guru Constantinople akaendeswa wakaisvonaka zvokuvakisa, namatema neshongwe zvivako yekare (mbiru mutemberi zuva, mbiru yakasvibirira machena - kubva kuEfeso). Zvechokwadi, imba akava vakapfuma uye kupfuura temberi nguva. Chimiro ichi uye zvadaro tinoshandurirwa pari Hagia Sophia.

Nhoroondo Cathedral iri Byzantine Empire

Munhoroondo ye Byzantine hwaJehoshafati Hagia Sophia kakawanda nechirwere kudengenyeka, saka, rakapera uye reconstructed. Zvikurukuru, akatambira mukuru ainge akamonererwa. Yokuwedzera kutsiga rusvingo dzakavakwa buttresses (vakurukuri vane yembiru izvi kusimbisa kutsigira zvivako), uye izvi, chokwadi, kushandura maonero Church.

Kubva ari Hagia Sophia ari enhoroondo nengano kwakabatana kupatsanurwa machechi echiKristu muna Catholic uye Orthodox, sezvo yakanga iri chivako July 1054 Cardinal Humbert akapa tsamba Michael Kurullariyu otluchitelnuyu.

Kusvikira 1204 mumwe tutemberi yetemberi iri yakakurumbira Chifukidziro pakati nokuTurin, izvo, maererano netsika akanga akaputira muviri waJesu Kristu pashure padanda uye rufu.

History mushure kukunda kubudikidza kuvaOttoman

Mushure nhoroondo kukunda kubudikidza kuvaOttoman muna 1453, Hagia Sophia aifanira kuchinja chitendero. Iye vatendeukira Islam, akanga dzakabatanidzwa panguva pamakona kubudikidza minareeteissa mana uye akava chechi. Sezvaunoziva, chitendero yevaMuslim unokosha mumunyengetero anotaura kutemberi rekare Mecca. The kuvaOttoman aifanira kuchinja zvose mukati Church, vose Pamifananidzo akaputirwa nesuko (Saka akachengetedzwa kuburikidza emakore), uye ungano yakaronga pa necheparutivi panyaya rectangular pakuvaka.

Uyezve, kusvikira makore namapfumbamwe remakore, hapana basa kuvakazve Cathedral of Hagia Sophia muna Istanbul, kwete atsungirira. Muzana XIX remakore kwakasarudzwa kudzorera chivako chokuita kutyisidzira kuparara. Nokukurumidza pashure pokudzorerwa muna 1935, chechi yakanga ikava miziyamu, kusiya chete duku nzvimbo yokunamata Muslim.

The mapurani zviri mosques

Architectural Cathedral iri rectangle zvaraireva mana petemberi (nechepakati - lateral uye zvakawanda - zvishoma). Zvinonzi zvikamu pedyo domed Basilica pamwe sredokrestiem, ndizvo quadrangle. Chivako chaiva Nyanzvi nguva yaro rising hurongwa, uye simba masvingo, maererano nengano, akaponesa Vongai atakatora pakati Mashizha nemadota kwakawedzera kugadzirisa. A kunzwisisa hurongwa namaberere katatu uye mbiru kutsigira rising kubva kumativi ose uye nokudaro kunosimbisa izvozvo.

zvinokwezva chechi

Nokudaro, Hagia Sophia Mosque mu Istanbul - imwe huru zvinokwezva. Funga chikuru zvisaririra ichi dzinonakidza miziyamu.

• Copper kuifukidza "ari kuchema mbiru", vachidavira kuti anozadzika zvido vaya ruoko rwake mukati mugomba uye vanonzwa unyoro.

• «Cold hwindo" - chimwe chishamiso zvakasikwa kubva, kunyange inopisa zvikuru uye kuchipisa zuva anofema inotonhorera kanofefetera.

• The murals yekare nemifananidzo naJesu Kristu uye mhandara, akachengetedzwa pasi makobvu akaturikidzana ose nesuko, tiri vakuru kuona.

• In yokumusoro maberere yetemberi anogona kuonekwa pamusoro fenzi pakati ezvivako. Vakawanda vavo vakaita nemazana mazhinji emakore akapfuura uye waidzivirira neHurumende (nokuti ichi chinangwa akafukidzwa segirazi epurasitiki). Ichi chinyorwa - Air Runes - vakanga zvichipomerwa scrawled pamusoro rumhanda ari Cathedral nemauto kuMiddle Ages.

• The mosaics of Church anonakidza muenzaniso wokuratidza art Byzantium.

• Portrait of Emperor Alexander rakaitwa muupenyu hwake, kukwezvana yakavhurwa 1958 mukufamba basa rokudzorera riri Tile chifukidzo.

Munguva Cathedral panewo yevaMuslim, izvo chinokwezva ezviuru gore negore. Pakati pavo vane:

• Minbar (nzvimbo Imam inoparidza).

• Lodge Sultan (akavaka paigadziriswa Fossati hama).

• Mihrab.

Sokunge asunungurwa kubva gudzanyaya rungano, Turkish Mutsvene Uchenjeri anosanganisa raiita dzinopikisana pfungwa: Orthodox uye Oriental Islam, zvitendero zviviri, zvakasiyana, asi chinhu chakafanana zvikuru mumwe. Kunze tembere sokuti nyore conglomeration pamusoro mapurani siyana akasiyana eras uye ugadze, asi mukati uchashamisika iwo mazibota uye kukwirira kwayo, uye zvakawanda.

Ndiyo chete rokuvaka richiripo kubva remakore rechitanhatu BC kusvika nhasi anenge kuchinja, zvino chakakodzera akava miziyamu, aneta kupa rokunamata kune zvakasiyana masangano.

mhedziso

Kana iwe uri rombo zvakakwana kunoona Istanbul kupfuura pezvizuva, iva nechokwadi kuti ashanyire Cathedral of Hagia Sophia. Turkey achava kutamba kuti iwe mutsva mavara inobvuma tembere iyi.