Gwati mu matapiri: zvikonzero uye kurapwa

Scurf pamusoro mbatatisi - a fungal chirwere kunokanganisa tubers. Utachiona ave mazhinji muvhu, uye miriwo kuuya kuburikidza pores kana maronda diki. Kungoda kutaura kuti utachiona mudzi muriwo inogona kudyiwa, asi ukama chikamu akagerwa uye kuraswa. Ngozi pakafunuka ndechokuti chinokosha uye kunaka nemiriwo pakugumburwa, akawira kwevari mavhitaminzi, mamineral amino acids. Kana kurasikirwa nezvinovaka muviri ndiyo 35% -40%, zvibereko ipfupi ne hafu (60% -65% kunokwanisika, mune zvimwe zviitiko kurasikirwa).

Mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuti kukura chirwere

Kungofanana chirwere, pakafunuka rinowanikwa mune zvimwe zviitiko. Pakati pavo pane zvinotevera:

- ivhu ph pamusoro 6,1 - 7.4, kureva kuita Midzanga.

- Temperature 24 ° C - 29 ° C.

- Soil mwando - iri kuwanda 50-70%.

- Pakuita madota nehuni nedota.

- Kana fetiraiza mupfudze ivhu. Ngozi yacho iri pakuti Anti-pakafunuka zvaparadzwa tubers kazhinji aidya zvipfuwo. Yandakapiwa Micro-zvinenge zviri kugadzikana chaizvo, ivo nomunyika zvomudumbu turakiti hwemhuka uende pamwe tsvina yake. Kuberekesa ivhu mupfudze saka aigona kukonzera mimwe pakusvibiswa.

- Kana nekumwisa senitrogen fetiraiza uye calcium yakawanda.

- With kusava ivhu Boron uye manganese.

Matanho kudzivisa panowanikwa gwati

Zvakanakisisa kuedza kuumba uye kuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu pasi izvo causative mumiririri iri dzamira. Asi kana uchiri cherechedzai vaduku tubers convex warts, iva nechokwadi kuti uzive sei kubvisa mbatatisi gwati. Kune vakawanda mazano Chikwata anogona kuderedza mukana chirwere:

• Ongororai kunyatsoongorora kudyara zvinhu. Sarudza makuru tubers achirema 75-100 g, pretreated ane mhinduro ine boric asidhi (10 d muna 9 L mvura).
• Deep chakasimwa mudzi zvirimwa kunoderedza mukana gwati.
• Pashure kucheka residues zvose zvinofanira ndaitora (raparadzwa tubers, midzi, madzinde) uye kuvaparadza.
• Potato chakasimwa nzvimbo inofanira kutsiviwa nguva pashure kudyara bhinzi, izvo kupfumisa ivhu senitrogen uye disinfected nayo. Tubers kudzokera nzvimbo yaro yepakutanga kunogona kuva nemakore 4-5.
• Ongorora ivhu acidity (ph haafaniri kupfuudza 6.0). Zvikasadaro, tsika anogona urwise mbatatisi gwati. mabatiro nemakemikari rinoreva hapana zvabuda, asi kuderedza mukana wokutapukirwa iri nyore. Kuchinja ph kungava chicherwa fetiraiza (superphosphate) pasi tubers. Zvakajeka kuchengeta kudiridza purogiramu. Chakawedzera madota rinoshanda chete kana ivhu ph iri pazasi 4.9. Inobatsira pevhu matapiri rawa vanoondoroka tsono, kuti sarufa (2.1 - 3.2 makirogiramu por sq.m.) kana gypsum (15-20 kg asi pa zana metres dzakaenzana).

Iyi inongova zvayo nhungamiro. Chikwata zvinokosha kuziva chii yakasiyana pamusoro mbatatisi gwati. Nzira kurwisa uye kubudirira mumamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuva siyanei, asi kazhinji, mitemo kugadzirisa dambudziko zvakafanana.

zvakajairika gwati

Izvi Chirwere rinowanikwa kakawanda kupfuura vamwe. The causative mumiririri ari muStreptomyces scabies. Excellent achikura jecha uye calcareous nevhu, munzvimbo dzakakwirira mwando huru mishonga ine makemikari nyaya. Kutanga maperembudzi nyore chirwere ne nemaronda duku, izvo zvishoma kukura uye pakupedzisira nokufukidzwa chivhariso-zvakadai unhani.

A Common gwati pamusoro matapiri hapana pane zvidzidzo zvose. Most simba kutapata kuti chirwere vari "Berlichingen" uye "Priekule" uye "Kameraz".

Pamwe mukuru nemitemo yokudyara uye kuitarisira tsika pane imwe kuwedzererwa shoma. pamberi sei kubvisa ari mbatatisi pakafunuka, kuitisa chokudzivirira mabatiro tubers - arisase navo rinoreva "Nitrafen" kana "Polikarbatsin". Very abudirire pakurwisa chirwere kunobatsira kumera rokusima kuti chiedza zvinhu. Kudiridza tsika kutanga pakarepo mushure kudzamisa ivhu uye mberi sokuvapo hunde yacho chirimwa asingadi kuwedzera 1.5-2 masendimita ari ukobvu.

powdery gwati

The causative mumiririri ndiye Spongospora subterranea. Anova muvhu yakanyanya kunyorova. Uye akakora pakati nayo utachiona inogona kukanganiswa munyika yavo uye anosvika midzi. gwati iri matapiri It akaratidza ari muchimiro nemburwa muchiedza pfumbu.

tuber ganda makatsemuka pa nzvimbo chirwere, chirwere rinopararira mberi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mhando yakadai se "Lorch", "yubel", "Cardinal" uye "Mukuru" ari kushanda asina kukanganiswa ne chirwere.

Izvi mbatatisi chirwere - gwati powdery - kunokanganisa midzi uye hunde. The tubers vari kubatwa chirwere yechipiri ava kunopera nenyunje uye chitarisiko akaoma ora. Planting zvinhu asati adyara akaramba mhinduro 40% formalin (reshiyo - 1: 200) kwemaminitsi 6-7, ipapo kwemaawa maviri akafukidza nematende.

sirivha scurf

Pakutanga, tubers kuzviratidza shava makwapa kana makwapa akasvibirika diki, akafanana dema chin'ai. Mushure mbatatisi ganda peeling gwapa anova pfumbu.

Vaiona causative chakuvhe Helminthosporium solani, izvo nokukurumidza propagates panguva tembiricha kuti 19-21 ° C uye 90-95% mwando.

The chirwere ngozi nokuti goho anodonhedza nehasha. Kwakaita tubers kuramba kuderedza uremu kunyange kana inochengetwa, uye ndachena muforoma anogona kuonekwa pamusoro nzvimbo mhopo. More kubatwa chirwere goho pamusoro loamy uye jecha nevhu. Asati akaisa tubers chinopinda. Treatment uyewo rinoitwa pakarepo pashure kukohwa kusati okuchengetera kushandisa zvinodhaka akadai "Nitrafen", "Botran", "fundazol", "Celeste" kana "Tito."

Rhizoctonia kana dema gwati

The causative mumiririri ndiye Rhizoctonia solani. Anovandudza pasi kumusoro mwando ezvinhu. Kazhinji, chirwere kunoitika apo mukupera chitubu uye kuchinaya. Kunoratidza pacharo sezvo makwapa kana rima yakadzama sclerotia izvo asiri ngaarayire nokupedzwa.

Black scurf pamusoro mbatatisi ngozi nokuti rungatora mumwe tuber kumera. mabukira izvi, kana kufa, kana rionekwe imwe lesion pakati pemashanga uye mashizha curled yokumusoro. Zvakanakisisa utachiona hwakakura zvose anonzwa musi loamy nevhu.

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu kusingafadzi musiyano pakati chirwere, nekuti nemishonga nemarudzi nayo haako. Kwete kuratidza mutema gwati kuti mbatatisi, kurapwa inotanga etching tubers zvakadai kwemabhakitiriya kugadzirira se "chinokosha", "Planriz" kana "Bactofit" uye rinoreva "Fenoram", "Vivataks" kana "Bamba".

Planting Depth: jecha loam ivhu - 7 cm loamy - 8-11 masendimita kuti peat - 12-13 masendimita Incubate avhareji kumhara nguva apo ivhu rematsutso kukwira + 8 ° C .. Rinovatadzisa panowanikwa mumuhara nenyunje ose chicherwa uye Organic fetiraiza mune mishonga kupfuura pachii zvishoma-siyana.