Eyeglass lenses: mifananidzo, selection, rutsigiro

aenda Long ndiwo mazuva apo munhu ane kusanyatsoona zvakanaka aigona chete kuvimba magirazi vari epurasitiki furemu pamwe gobvu magirazi uye inorema lenses. Modern ophthalmology anofanira kupa yakawanda yakasiyana dzakasiyana pamusoro dingindira: "Eyeglass". Uye nomukombero ikozvino zvibereko zvakasiyana chaizvo siyana uye akasiyana zvokuvakisa.

A zvishoma nhoroondo ...

Kwe magirazi wokutanga inogona kuwanikwa magwaro chaiko kune remakore rechi13 AD. Mashoko kubva iyo wokutanga puranga yakaitwa, akava hamba deko. Zvino China makore 2000 akapfuura. Around mugore 1000 BC. e. Mamongi mu nokukopa zvinyorwa vakatanga kushingaira kushandisa rinokudza girazi.

Kana bhuku vakava nyaya iripo kuruzhinji (iyi munzvimbo rechi15) vava akakurumbira zvikuru uye magirazi. Mapuranga, lenses - zvose zvaiva kure vakakwana, uye magadzirirwo yavo yakanga siyanei kupfuura zvino. Ipapo munhu kana vakabata magirazi muruoko kana Gomo navo mhino.

Pakazosvika mangwanani remakore rechi17 muLondon maiva magirazi inopiwa temberi. Uye kuguma remakore rechi19 aizivikanwa chokuti yepamusoro kwechishamiso lenses vakanga yakagadzirwa muGermany. Vakanga zvakagadzirwa negirazi, uye izvi zvakaramba kusvikira 1940, apo Pittsburgh kwakasimbiswa idzva mhando mapurasitiki, razova chinhu vakakodzera mukwikwidzi kuti girazi - kusimba uye zvakaoma zvakakwana.

Mumakore akatevera 75 makore optics yakataurwa kusvetuka uye miganhu. lenses ano ano dzinoiswa maererano parameters nevazhinji uye zvinogona kubatsira munhu chero zvirwere ziso.

Zvinhu zvaAtemisi lenses

Sezvambotaurwa kare, kwechishamiso lenses rinogona girazi (inorganic) kana mupurasitiki (Organic). Glass nokuti kugadzirwa lenses inoshandiswa kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinhu ane kwazvo Manyiminya ehupfumi, zvinobudirira inodzivirira maziso kubva UV nemwaranzi. Ake (girazi) pamusoro iri zvakakwana muvare nemishonga. Zvisinei, girazi lenses vari dzinokwanisa kwakanyanya uye mukobvu kupfuura mapurasitiki, uye kuaisa ano puranga haisi nguva dzose zvinoita.

Kwechishamiso izvo nemhaka polycarbonate wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose uye kupenya kana achienzaniswa girazi. Mukuwedzera, vari tinzwe nemishonga, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kupfeka nyore magirazi izvi vana uye vanhu vaibatanidzwa zvemitambo. Izvi zvinhu ane kukwanisa kudzivirira maziso kubva ultraviolet nemwaranzi.

Kubvira 2000, pamusika pane imwe zvinhu nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi kwechishamiso lenses - trayveks.

Variants of Manyiminya maturo pamusoro izvo

Lenses nokuti magirazi nokuda kuona (kana kuti, ayo kururamiswa) dzavo Manyiminya Marwadzo idenderedzwa, astigmatic uye afocal.

Vanhu vanenge hyperopia kana myopia, idenderedzwa lenses achaita kukunakira kupfuura. Name astigmatic anotaura woga. Nzvimbo chikuru kushanda - nokururamiswa astigmatism. Zvino cylindrical lenses zvinodiwa kuti nyore astigmatism, uye pasi kunzwisisa kana yakavhenganiswa - toric.

Afocal lenses havana zvavo chero Manyiminya zvinhu. magirazi izvi zvinogona inopfekwa kana varume pasina zvinetso kuona maonero, kana vaya vanotambura aniseikonia (mumaziso angu pane musiyano rinokosha mune vakanzwisisa kukura mifananidzo). Panyaya iyi, iri kugadzirwa ekuverengesa zvaida eykonicheskie izvo. Kana munhu anotambura strabismus - magirazi kuita afocal pamwe prismatic lenses.

The Manyiminya mapazi uye uwandu

Optical zvikamu zviri izvo zvingava shoma, saka nhamba yavo zvinogoneka kupatsanura Categories akadai kuroora chiratidzo Multifocal. Multifocal, akavapindurawo, inogona rakakamurwa bifocals, trifocals uye mberi lenses nokuda eyeglasses.

Monofocal vane imwe rainyanya kukosha uye anoshandiswa chete kana zvakakodzera nokururamiswa kure chete - pedyo kana kure. Zvezvinotaurwa lenses izvi kurambidzwa uye nokururamiswa astigmatism simba pekugara simba (ziso anogona kushandura pfungwa nokuda attenuation kana amplification kuti ciliary tsandanyama marwadzo) chokuita zera.

Kana zvakakodzera kugadzirisa muchiratidzo akawanda marefu, vanoti multifocal lenses.

Muenzaniso wavo kushandiswa - presbyopia, kana munhu haagoni kuona anodhinda yakanaka kana zviduku zvinhu zvemandorokwati. Magirazi pamwe multifocal lenses Achabvisira munhu kubva kudiwa dzibviswe kana uchifamba maziso kubva namename kure ndiEzekieri.

Types gogorosi bemhapemha

Eyeglass lenses, havana kubva chero zvinhu havazovi yakanaka maitiro. Zvichakadaro, kushanda coatings siyana zvinoita kuti yekudyidzana kuvandudza unhu hwavo uye mukana kubvira yakawedzera kuramba zvakakanganisika uye utachiona uye anopera nani kutarisana nyaradzo. Funga anowanzodanwa kushandiswa uye kudiwa pakati vatengi yacho izvo pakavha.

Photochromic - zvinoita kudzivirira meso kubva hasha vasisanetswi ultraviolet mwaranzi nokuda kukwanisa kwayo kushandura chiedza kupfuudzwa zvichienderana chiedza. Polarizing lenses vari zvemapuranga chaiwo firimu (Sefa) uye anobvumira chete vertically inobudisa kana unpolarized mwaranzi zvachose, saka, ziso haazobvumira kubva kudzvokora kubva mumvura, chando kana mugwagwa.

Kuitira kuderedza kusagadzikana kana chiedza mwaranzi kubva sclera, cornea kana izvo pamusoro rinoshandisirwa munhu AR (antirefleksnoe Anti-tichifungisisa) unhani.

Achiomesa bemhapemha kunowedzera muvare kuramba ari izvo, uye hydrophobic anovapa kumeso, usingatangi -wedzera mvura, tsvina uye guruva uye zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vatarisire magirazi. Nokuti vaya vanopedza nguva yakawanda vari zuva, zvichava kubatsira Sunglasses pamwe UV ichivharira lenses Coated.

girazi bemhapemha, iro rinoshandiswa chete kuruvanze pose izvo uye anogona kuva mavara akasiyana anoshandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi Sunglasses. Kuwedzera kune vose pamusoro, ruvara unhani rakaiswa chaizvo, kureva. E. Pfungwa izvo ruvara angava akasiyana chaizvo.

Kuoma kunzwisisa chisarudzo: girazi kana mupurasitiki?

Panguva iyoyo regirazi "ziso" Dzava hapana zvazvakanakira pamusoro zvavo polymeric dzomuzana. Plastic lenses nokuti zvaiitwa, izvo mutengo anogona siyana zvikuru zvichienderana Manyiminya parameters uye kusimbisa coatings, kutungamirira (uye kuva kumahombekombe guru) pamusoro pamusika optics.

Zvisinei, kana totaura rakasungwa mukuru myopia (a guru kubvisa pamusoro 10.0 diopters, uye zvakawanda), kubva aesthetic nemaonero, zvicherwa lenses achatarira zvakanaka nokuti vane unopinza iri wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose pane epurasitiki.

Mukuwedzera, girazi lenses kuti magirazi rakagara richidudzirwa kushandiswa vagadziri, uchibereka maturusi kudzivirira meso enyu kubva zuva.

refractive indekisi: Vamwe vanosarudza?

The refractive indekisi lenses kubva Polymers neeSultan kubva 1.5 kusvika 1,74. The gogorosi iri wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose uye akasimba, ari kumusoro nhamba. It anoyera zvishoma uye zvakawanda zvinodhura. Kana kusarudza yokubika achapiwa kutungamirirwa chiremba uye nomukombero, iyo Zvinosarudzwa.

Monofocal kana mberi kwechishamiso lenses yakaderera diopter (-2 kusvika +2) kungava refractive indekisi iri zvinobva 1.5 kusvika 1.6. Kana Avharenji diopters (kubvira -6 kusvika -2 uye +2 kusvika +6) ari optimum reshiyo achava kubva 1,6 kusvika 1,7. Kana diopter nhamba yakakwirira chaizvo, zvakanakisisa kupa zvinodiwa kuti izvo ane refractive indekisi kupfuura 1,7.

Kana Mutengi vakasarudza furemu yakagadzirwa mapurasitiki, kwake makobvu izvo duku reshiyo hakusi kuoneka sapamazuva furemu pamusoro mutsetse kana screws. Kana panovira sikuruu, zviri nani kuti mutete uye rakasimba izvo t. E. A yepamusoro coefficient.

Kuchinjaniswa gogorosi magirazi

Kune vanhu vasina chero matambudziko chiratidzo chako, asi zvisinei vanofanira kuramba kwavo mufananidzo kusakara magirazi. Kuchinjaniswa lenses mavara akasiyana uye noruvara zvavanokupai mukana kuteerera tenzi wayo ezvinhu zvemhoteredzo umo riri, kuona zvakakwana okunze zvose, muchiedza uye rima. Gray lenses adzivirire meso kuine zuva, zvitema achava kudiwa panguva shanduka cloudiness, transparencies rakagadzirirwa ramakore ekunze, uye zvakakwana inobudisa chiedza yeyero kubva mwenje madekwana.

Vatambi uyewo vanowanzoda vanosarudza magirazi pamwe kuchinjaniswa lenses kuti inogona nyore kushandurwa muna rimwe racho, asi zvakasimba wakaiswa panzvimbo. Maumbirwe izvo akagadzirirwa kuti snug zvakakodzera chiso, asi inopa yakanaka muchidimbu. Water-dzinga unhani - zvakare chinhu chinokosha pamusoro lenses zvakadaro, mvura hazvirevi -wedzera pamusoro pavo, uye pachena runoyerera pasi, akasasiya mitaro.

mutengo dungwerungwe

On kwechishamiso lenses mutengo kunogona siyana zvikuru. Chipa zvigadzirwa vanoonekwa, mari iyo anoda kubva 1290 kusvika 1700 rubles, kuti izvo nemhaka paavhareji mutengo muchikwata kuchaita mari kubva 2700 kusvika 9000 rubles, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro. Kutakura zvinhu zvinodhura ine ukoshi 12 000 kusvika 26 000 rubles. All kunyanya nomumwe. Mutengo kunoenderana kurema zvinhu: zvokunyama, ruvara uye pamasikiro izvo, mumvuri pamusoro antialiasing, iyo dhayamita uye rive dete pamusoro izvo, ayo nhau. Kazhinji, iyo yakakura mutengi zvemari nezvaanogona, zvikuru kwezvokufuka, vepamusorosoro uye panguva imwecheteyo rokunyaradza lenses nokuda magirazi avo, anogona kutenga.