Double-decker nezvitima muRussia: tsananguro, mirayiridzo, zvinhu uye wongororo

Vakawanda vedu vanofunga kuti miviri-decker nezvitima vakaona yapfuura, pamwe kushanda nenzira Moscow - Adler. Zvisinei, nhoroondo dzavo munyika yedu ane kupfuura remakore nehafu. Ngatitange pamwe huru zviri yoku- chokufambisa nzira.

Two-storey motokari: pfungwa huru

Vaviri-storey, mbiri-storey motokari - the mazuvaano of kwakajairika mutakurwi motokari kuti mukuru mutakurwi chinzvimbo. Rinotibatsira maviri-weDanho urongwa nezvikamu (rimwe pamusoro mamwe). Mienzaniso yakawanda mumiririri ndivo TGV Duplex, Shinkansen E4, Shinkansen E1.

Zvichienderana magadzirirwo ayo, motokari iyi inogona kuchengeta 40-70% yakawanda vanhu. Akapiwa kuti chikamu viaducts, tunnels, yakafadza nzira zvikamu chete inoshandisa dzidziso catenary zvinoda vakaomerwa murwiyo rakakwirira, ivo vagadziri motokari idzi kuenda ose mazano: paguva yekutanga chichiburutswa yakaderera sezvinobvira pakati nezvingoro, kuderedza kukwirira Salons maviri. Ari nzvimbo kaviri-decker zvitima, rezasi rukoko anoita zvekushandisa basa, nekuti kwayo muduku, uye musoro - yakafarikana, vakasununguka, kazhinji Panoramic mahwindo. Pasi pfupi okufananidza noruzhinji.

The Russian kaviri decker nezvitima

Ko Russia vane miviri-decker chitima? Railways anopa vatakurwi mhando ina mota:

• kamuri (64 pachinzvimbo 36 vanhu);
• CB (30 panzvimbo 18);
• mudonzvo chekufambisa-nezvikamu (50 pachinzvimbo 18-24 vanhu);
• resitorendi (44-48 zvigaro kuti vashanyi yokudyira nharaunda).

Double-decker nezvitima kuRussia vane mazita rose zvinhu:

• Climate kuzvidzora - mhepo kutonhodza uye kudziyisa;
• rakanamwa uye yakachengeteka Inter-motokari kuchinja;
• simba-kuchengetedza kwakaita chiedza;
• Three composting zvimbuzi, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa pasinei nzvimbo;
• masitepisi vane Anti-pitikoti uye nyore handrail;
• ngoro zvitengeswa rinoitwa bedzi wemagetsi locomotive;
• GLONASS nemasaisai maitiro uye kuongorora kukurukurirana mudonzvo motokari;
• upgraded kuchengeteka hurongwa - nemavhidhiyo zvokuongorora, mikana kuzvidzora uye kuchengeteka netsvimbo.

Coupe ari maviri-motokari

Double-decker chitima muRussia (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Samara uye dzimwe nzvimbo) vane zvinotevera zvinoratidza coupe yaro:

• Standard nzvimbo yokuzorora uye hope, nemwenje, tafura, girazi;
• masitepisi pamusoro yokumusoro anosimudza nzvimbo;
• echiShinto nokuti mukwende diki;
• kuwana mupanda chete kuburikidza neimwe rinobva kiyi;
• nehoro maviri (100 W) pakupomera Mobile, Laptop nezvimwe Electronics;
• Kurega kunotanga kubva panhoo zvose muna NE uye yokumusoro mupanda;
• Individual LCD kuratidza kuti kuona nhau mafaira, mutakurwi nerimwe (CB), Headphone (coupe, NE).

Uyezve, vamwe vanhu vaikwira zvinopiwa zvinotevera mabasa: potable uye yomumabhodhoro mvura pamusoro nzira, utsanana uye utsanana supplies, kutengesa matkamuistoja, periodicals, tea confectionery.

Double-decker nezvitima muRussia: pakutengeserana

In zvose mirayiridzo kutevera vaviri-pamwero inodzidzisa Railways kunovimbisa:

• kuti zvimwe inokwanisika tikiti mitengo yakafanira kune rokumusoro mutakurwi vanokwanisa;
• Minimum kukuvara nharaunda nokuda kushandisa zvinhu zvitsva uye michina iri kugadzirwa motokari;
• kusununguka inofamba Graphics (mubhedha nziyo - kuuya).

Pazasi ndidzo munzvimbo dzinovangira kaviri-decker nezvitima muRussia.

Positive zvaunofunga kubva vanhu

Positive maitiro zvave vatakurwi, vaedza kaviri decker chitima muRussia:

• cosiness, nyaradzo;
• motokari itsva ano;
• hunonzwisisa mutengo;
• zvinoderedza nguva kufamba;
• pfava uye ushamwari mudonzvo;
• usability pamusoro inotakurika zvimbuzi;
• kuti kamuri kuwana mudziyo;
• vakasununguka WI-FI;
• hwaivapo zvokudya muresitorendi;
• chibatiso;
• utsanana;

• Kuwanikwa vanhu vakaremara;
• pre conductors makagadzirira nhovo;
• nzira yokubudisa zvakananga muimba;
• kondakita kufona bhatani;
• pamusoro pauriri zvakaoma kunzwa motokari ruzha;
• mhepo kutonhodza hurongwa;
• kujairika nokuti Russian mufambi.

zvinhu zvisingafadzi

Hazvina kuvanzika pamberi vatakurwi nekuipira vaviri-chechetere utsanzi:

• Service. Asi kare muitisi aiva maviri 36-seater ngoro, asi ikozvino chete nhamba revashandi inopiwa kune 64 vanhu.
• Kuvapo masitepisi. Kuti tisvike pauriri wechipiri, zvinokosha kukurira nokururamisira poromoka matanho.
• Gone aiva pamusoro penhumbi pani pamusoro pamukova - mukwende anogona zvino chete kuchengetwa mune lockers.
• Zvimbuzi. Double-uriri chitima muRussia lockers zvitatu chete - rimwe mufambi 21 (pachinzvimbo 18 sezvo ari kwakajairika mupanda).
• Seeling. Nokuda peculiarities yeRussian njanji nzira iri angangodaro simba yokukandwa pamusoro rechipiri chechetere. Hazvina kunaka kuti panzira kuti pamatanho.

Pakati zvazvakaipira yakazobuda akaona yakaderera ceilings hakunyatsotarisirwi okunze kuzvidzora, munhuwi zvakaipa motokari, surly conductors, yakatetepa pokurara, urongwa yakaipa mahwindo (zvakare pasi), disruptions WI-FI, yakakwirira mitengo yezvokudya, murombo quality, shata zvokudya migove ST.

Nhoroondo mbiri-decker kumotokari muRussia

October 30, 2013 kubva Adler kuMoscow akaenda ine nhurikidzwa mbiri maumbirwo 15 mota Tver chekufambisa Works. Tisati kuti, muna August ari Mineral Mvura akavhura wokutanga Russian chakazara kuti nezvitima mubhedha. Asi zviitiko dzakanyorwa havasi pakutanga nhoroondo kaviri decker nezvitima munyika yedu - motokari yokutanga yakadaro dzakavakwa 1864 panguva Kolomna chirimwa. "Neshiri yegungwa" (anonzi chitima kuti zvisina mhere "oo-ku", iro chakaratidza kutanga kufamba mutyairi chitima) toyambutsa pakati Peterhof uye oranienbaumin, njanji zvikamu ari dzine vakawanda munharaunda Villa.

Muna 1905, motokari mbiri-pamwero zvakabudiswa muna Tver chekufambisa chekufambisa. ivo vakaisa kamwe zvakare kushanda chete pashure pemakore 50 - kugadzirwa motokari cruised ari GDR pakati Belgorod uye Kharkov, Lvov uye Kovel. In kwavo mufananidzo Leningrad chekufambisa Works akasika munhu mumhuri muenzaniso maviri storey motokari iri '70s. Uriri ane mubhedhuru nezvikamu coupe, uye pasi wechipiri waiva nzvimbo, kuona - kwaingova zvigaro. vasunungurwa kwave kungoitika - vanosvika 16 yokutevedzera. Nyaya mubhedha nziyo kuvhiringidzwa zvakare kutanga peji rako itsva mumazuva edu.

private chitima

Achitaura zvakagadzirwa ari mudzimba njanji, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vachangobva akatanga kumhanya chitima yokutanga private muRussia:

• Electric "TransExpress" mirayiridzo Moscow - Kaluga. muridzi wayo - "TransGroup" kuti kugadzirwa motokari iyi Dimihinskom ouinjiniya chirimwa ari mari $ 2 miriyoni. Imwe neimwe motokari ine vatungamiriri uye varindi, saka hapana nemarara, usanwa doro uye regai kuputa, urege kuzoitengesazve uye regai kukumbira zvipo. Mumwe kubvisa: motokari zvose mumwe kirasi - wechitatu.
• Private hwokusanyara chitima "Grand Express" anomhanya achitevedza nzira Moscow - St. Petersburg. The sezvamunoita ichaongororwa kuti zvikuru akasununguka muna Russian Federation. Pakati ayo mabasa: ecotoilets pamwe underfloor kudziyisa, kugeza, WI-FI, nhau mutambi, mamiriro okunze, kure kuchinja chiedza, yemagetsi Vhudzi vane simba rinonzi magnetic kiyi, dana bhatani waya, kuchengeteka basa.

• 4. Electric "Severstalrels" Moscow - St. Petersburg. Hwomutambarakede chitima ane ayo sezvamunoita ngoro 1 uye neboka 2, maviri ngoro nomuzariro. The sezvamunoita sezvarayirwa zvinodiwa zvose European kunyaradzwa uye kuchengeteka, akashongedzerwa pamwe ezvinhu kudzora hurongwa.

Railways uye pasiri dzaishandisa

The chidzoke oga yeimwe hakurevi kubvisa ndiye Railways Russian. Varidzi chete varidzi tikaisa wemari kana here ikabvaruka. Panguva iyoyo yavanobhadhara Urongwa w / E nzira, kudzora basa, locomotive traction. Kana kwakaderedza yokufamba vomuUmambo, ivo dzaishandisa itsva vari kuti haina Akawisira. Nepo kune muitiro kuti Railways akaisa mumaoko private vatengesi kupfuura zvinobatsira nzvimbo, asi basa anotarisira kuti asiri ehurumende nziyo nokuchinja hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo migwagwa mune ramangwana. Munguva ichangopfuura, imwe nhamba zvakagadzirwa zvinogona kuonekwa pamusoro Railways Russian - private chitima, mbiri-ichasimudzirwa motokari. Chokwadi, zvikanganiso anogona kuwanikwa zvose, asi mberi kwakadaro mune mazuvaano mumwe mukuru siyana pakufamba haagoni asi kufara munyika yedu.