City Ravenna zvinotyisa. Mausoleum pakati Theodoric, ivo mosaics of Basilica yeSan Vitale, Dante raMwari Tomb

The guta Italian pamusoro Ravenna riri munzvimbo Emilia-Romagna, anenge gumi chete kubva muGungwa reAdriya. Dzimba Lanes vomumusha uyu akashambidzika, inopenya, yakachena, zvakakwana vachiwirirana mumwe, zvakafanana zvidimbu Inovhiringidza. Kwamachinda enyika yakakurumbira machechi echiKristu wakatongofanana yakateurirwa zvose pamusoro guta rekare.

Ravenna zvinotyisa. Basilica of San Vitale

Zvichida ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira uye kukosha machechi Byzantine mu Europe. Kujairika ari kugadzirwa kwayo, asi zviri kunyanya dzinonakidza menyika. Mosaics zviri Basilica yeSan Vitale muna Ravenna mabasa mukurusa ounyanzvi, usina vakaenzana munyika.

Kuvaka San Vitale chechi kwakatanga mugore 527, pashure kudzoka bhishopu Ravenna kubva Byzantium. Temberi yakavakwa tichiregeredza chiGiriki percenter, uye akanga vagadzwe rokukudza Vitaly Milan. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru Basilica of akagadzira yachinja. Saka, muzana remakore XIII bhero shongwe, ari XVI remakore yakavakwa nokutya mafashamo, vakuru guta vakasarudza kurera yose Basilica pamusoro pasi pamwero.

The mamiriro ane rwakati zvinhu makadzosazve kereke kuva bhuku nokuda Zvakazoitwa nzvimbo dzokunamatira munyika Carolingian Renaissance. Interior chechi, unogona kunakidzwa kwemaawa. Vazhinji kamuri yakashongedzwa zvishongo zvakagadzirwa machena, asi namaberere uye madenderedzwa akaitwa muna Byzantine-mhanya mosaics: Mifananidzo inoratidza nyaya mangwanani dzechiKristu. Pano unogona kuona Portraits Mambo weRoma Justinian uye nomukadzi wake boka racho, mifananidzo kubva muTestamende Yekare - the Chiitiko mugwenzi raipfuta kuna Mozisi, chibayiro Abel, nezvakadaro ..

vaidavira dzidziso dzaArius Baptistry

Vaidavira dzidziso dzaArius Baptistery yakavakwa VI remakore, pasi King Theodoric. chiitiko ichi kwakaitika makore ane zana gare gare pane yakavakwa Baptistery kuna Neon. Ravenna (Italy) ane zvivako zviviri izvi mhando, izvo chaizvo zvakafanana chitarisiko. Vose vane diki, octagonal serin'i, akagadzirwa zvakafanana nezvidhinha.

Asi pano pane womukati kushongedzwa zvivako izvi yakasiyana. Sezvo baptistery akaitirwa vaite tsika rubhabhatidzo, zviri yakashongedzwa yakakodzera mifananidzo. On rising iri mudungwe pamwe mubatanidzwa wezvidimbu chiitiko chokubhabhatidzwa kwaKristu. Paintings ari baptistery Ariana akaita geometrized vachizvikwidziridza. The Ostrogoths vakanga chinozikamwa vemifananidzo, aiziva unyanzvi nokuchengetedza goridhe, asi kwete nenzira kunyorwa waMosesi. Saka, vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti mifananidzo iri baptistery Ariana, sezvo, zvirokwazvo, uye muna Orthodox Baptistry pamusoro Neon, vakamiswa nevaKristu Orthodox. Kuwedzera waMosesi pamusoro rising, ari baptistery ndikasazovapo decoration okunze.

Dante raMwari Tomb

Vashanyi pasi pose vanokwezvwa Ravenna. Zvinokwezva muguta nevamwe. . Somuenzaniso, mumugwagwa Alighieri, ari Basilica of St. Francis, ndiro guva nemunyori "Comedy raMwari" - Velikogo Dante. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti sei Florentine akavigwa Ravenna. Iri nyaya zvechokwadi dzinonakidza.

Kudzingwa Florence

Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, Dante chaibatanidzwa Kurwisana Guelphs uye Ghibellines. Pashure kukunda Guelphs muvengi zvikwata zviviri - kuti "mutema" uye "chena" - uye vakatanga kurwisa kunotyisa pakati pavo. Dante vaiva chena, uyo muna 1301 vakakunda. Mudetembi akatongerwa kuutapwa uye ndakagadzwa kuva yakanaka huru. Kana asiri muripo pavakadzokera Florence, pasi mitemo nguva, aigona akapisirwa padanda.

Dante, uyo kwazvo akada ake chizvarwa Florence, akagumbuka chaizvo nokuda kubatana ichi. Kurwadza kwokurasikirwa, akaratidza mu "muParadhiso". Pashure pokufa nyanduri muFlorence "pakarepo" akaona kuti kwaiva mugari Nyanduri huru mukupera yenyika, uye vakarayira kuti masimba Ravenna ape madota ake. Muna 1519, Pope Leo X akarayira kupa zvakasara nyanduri, uyo kutakurwa kuna Florence. The sarcophagus chakabatwa, asi yakanga isina.

Kundikana kudzoka madota

Somugumisiro paya, Franciscans Ravenna akaita buri muguva, akabviswa yake igare vakaaviga pachivande Sienese wemamongi. Muna 1810 zvemamongi vakasiya wemamongi uye perepryatat mubhokisi Brachchioforte, izvo muzuva redu hakusi kure neguva Dante. The pabhokisi sezvayakawanikwa panguva rokuvaka 1865. Zvisinei, shure muna 1829 kuti guva Dante payakavakwa muFlorence. Sezvo chiri chinhu.

Internal mudziyo guva

Neguva Dante muna Ravenna rakamanikana uye akanyarara mumugwagwa, pakupera anogona kuonekwa aizvininipisa asi zvine chiyeuchidzo. Rakagadzirirwa mune neoclassical werudzii muna 1780 na Camillo Morigami. Inside pane urn ane Latin epitaph, waiva 1327 pedyo Bernardo Kanachchio. Above urn Akaveza zororo kubva P. Lombardo, iyo chinofananidzira nyanduri, achinyatsotaurira imwe pfungwa. It anoshanda ne agere kuseri dhesiki. Above ichi Masvingo rusununguko yaiva chikamu yomukatikati kushongedzwa neguva Dante iri mukereke St. Francis. Ravenna, umo zvinotyisa yakanyatsofungwa chaizvo kudzivirirwa nezviremera uye vanhu veko kudada inokosha Zvivako riri munharaunda yayo.

mausoleum pamusoro Theodoric

Izvi zviri nani nomwero nechitarisiko uye duku kukura mausoleum iri kumucheto kweguta. It yakavakwa ne Ostrogoths King kuvigwa kwake munguva yemberi. Vazhinji veko vanodavira kuti pasina guva iri zvisinganzwisiswi Ravenna (Italy). The ndechokuti guta havana kurarama kupfuura evasingatombonamati Gothic sezvivako. Uyewo Theodoric akanga asiri mambo wechiKristu, izvo zvinoita nemamwe muguva chivako mhando.

vashanyi vakawanda pakudzokorora mashoko avo corners Ravenna. Rainzwika guta akasiyana chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, pashure pokuona mausoleum ichi, hapana anofunga kuti maumbirwo ichi inogona zvakakomba kuorora, kunyanya pashure kuona akakura uye hombe basilicas muguta. Izvi shongwe duku yakavakwa reraimu ane nechepakati pemvura, kuti dhayamita chiri mamita asingasviki gumi. The mausoleum yakavakwa panzvimbo iri simba panguva kumakuva wagadzirwa, kumucheto Ravenna.

Apo Ravenna rakatorwa pamusoro neDare Emperor Rima Yustiniana, Theodoric akatakura zvakasara mausoleum, uye akatanga kushandisa chivako sechinhu chapel. Saka, vashanyi vanofanira kuziva kuti hapana akavigwa mausoleum pamusoro Theodoric vari: sarcophagus rima yakatsvuka chirimo.

Kuvakwa mausoleum ane mbiri-weDanho, decahedral. On yokumusoro pauriri pane nzvimbo kuguva, iri nechepazasi chikamu - the chapel. Uye kubva mukati uye kunze madziro mausoleum vasina zvemaoresa. Inside ipapo kushongedzwa, kuwedzera sarcophagus - ". Kugeza" bundu zvakasimba porphyry, izvo wakavezwa chaiwo Nhasi sarcophagus inomira rakavhurika, pasina pakavha, zvakarurama pakati zvivako.

Rising mausoleum

Kana zvichiitika kushanyira muna Ravenna, iva nechokwadi kunoshanyira mausoleum uye teererai ayo ainge akamonererwa. Akanga rakacherwa kubva ibwe chete yairema matani anopfuura mazana matatu. muchina rwakadaro kusimudza musoro mumazuva iwayo zvakanga zvisingabviri, asi vavaki akawana yepakutanga mhinduro - the mausoleum akanga zvachose yakafukidzwa nyika nzvimbo yakakura Nakatu yakadzurwa, uye ipapo pasi rakabvisirwa.

We akuudza pamusoro dzimwe zvisakamboonekwa chiri inozivikanwa Ravenna. The mutaundi anoshamisa, nzvimbo dzakawanda mubereko pano. Tinovimba kuti iwe uchava nomukana kuenda Italy uye kuona dzinonakidza Ravenna nameso.