Chindingindingi ari upfumi - zviri ... chindingindingi uye Competition ari Russian upfumi. Basa nevhu rakawandisa ari Russian upfumi

Matambudziko ari anotambura upfumi nguva dzose ivepo kwave kwazvo. Panyaya iyi, zvakamubaya chingava zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa. Akapiwa zvinokanganiswa nevamwe zvokudya mutemo chokuita kutsanangurwa management, tsvakurudzo chindingindingi kunokosha zvikuru nguva dzose.

tsananguro

Nevhu rakawandisa ari upfumi vari makambani makuru mubasa kugadzirwa uye kudzora Implementation mumwe kana kupfuura marudzi zvinhu. Kuvapo kwavo inosiya mukana kukwikwidzana. chindingindingi ezvinhu ari upfumi pedyo kuwana mamwe mabhizimisi.

zvinokonzera

Nei ndiye? In zvoupfumi bhora pane zvakasiyana zvinokonzera kuti chidzoke akaitwa dzakadaro. Huru Zvikonzero dzinosanganisira:

1. Kukwanisa kuwana zvakawanda mari nokuda kwokushayiwa nevatengi yakasarurwa.
2. Wevasungwa okuwana uye guru.
3. Kushaya makwikwi.
4. centralization kuti guta - "Absorção de Água" vanoverengeka madiki.
5. Mukana dzika pamwero mukuru wokumwe wezvokutengeserana chirongwa.

kupatsanura

Kune dzakawanda apo chindingindingi ari upfumi anogona kuvapo. Ivo:

• State Enterprise. Makambani akadaro pamutemo. Normative mabasa akagadzira miganhu, Unorudzi mabasa avo.
• Natural chindingindingi. In pamusika upfumi pane mamiriro ezvinhu, rinonangana mutengi kwokudiwa zvichava tibudirire tisina makwikwi. Izvi imhaka kunyanya inobudisa kurimwa kwemichina. Mukurima ichi, icho anogadzirwa panguva chirimwa, haagoni kutsiviwa nedzimwe zvigadzirwa. Panyaya iyi, kudiwa zvigadzirwa chinoitirwa kambani, kuti muduku kuchaita kuvimba kuchinja kukosha kupfuura yaingowanikwa nezvimwewo.
• Zarura anotambura iri upfumi - ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu apo pane chitsva ano, asi harusati nyanzvi. Naizvozvo, ayo Implementation kunoitika panguva kwokutanga matanho, sezvo mutemo mumwe chete guru vachida.

Basa nevhu rakawandisa ari Russian upfumi

Makambani iyi mhando anozadzisa chinhu basa rinokosha muna Russian Federation. Basa nevhu rakawandisa ari Russian upfumi, zvinoratidzwa ndechokuti mamiriro wekambani hunoenderana nyika makwikwi mune dzakawanda munhandare. Uyezve, zvinhu zvinokosha uye dzomunyika kudzivirirwa mamiriro ose akabudiswa pfuma. Yokupedzisira ndechekuti kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa ufungisise yose vanhu. Large mabhizimisi-monopolists kutakura magetsi, gasi, mvura, kugovera chokufambisa, kusanganisira njanji, mhepo mabasa, zvinopa ei hurongwa, kukurukurirana. zvigadzirwa zvose izvi zvaparadzwa nokuda kwevanhu. Mumwe mukuru zvinhu kusiyanisa any chindingindingi ari upfumi - ndiko kumisa yakakwirira kupinda zvipingamupinyi ari indasitiri specialization. Kana pane mugadziri chimwe chete, kuti zvainoita goho chiri hombe, riri inoumbwa chitsama guru kuti zvichaita kuti mamwe makambani zvemakwikwi. Muvanhu, sezvo mutemo, hapana mukana kutsungirira kupfuura rimwe boka kwakadaro.

Federal Law № 147

The Act inopa mazita sectors, rimwe nerimwe anogona kuita rimwe boka anotambura. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

1. Zvokufambisa negasi, mafuta uye mafuta zvigadzirwa kuburikidza mapaipi.
2. Urongwa basa kuchinjwa kupisa uye magetsi.
3. F / D chokufambisa.
4. Terminal Services (chokufambisa, dzendege).
5. Zvokudya operative vanotumira Kutarisira muna Magetsi indasitiri.
6. Operation mabasa yomunyika mvura nzira kwezvivako.

Maererano pasi rino, zvinova pachena guru rinoitwa chindingindingi ari upfumi. maindasitiri aya sei zvakakosha chokuita zvokurarama nazvo. Musimboti chindingindingi ari upfumi chinhu dzirambe dziripo zvinokosha zvigadzirwa, vakabata vari Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mutengo pamwero. Pakati dzepamusorosoro makambani kushanda Russian Federation munhau iyi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa idzi, akadai:

1. "Gazprom".
2. "Railways Russian".
3. "Transneft".
4. "FGC UES".

Specificity

Chindingindingi ari upfumi - ndiko neboka rakadai, umo:

1. Activities kunyanya kunosanganisira Urongwa mabasa, rakagadzirirwa zvakawanda vanoshandisa (vatengi).
2. Mari kunosanganisira mazakwatira emari.

Pasina mubvunzo, mabasa makambani akadaro kunofanira nokudzorwa mamiriro. Pakutanga panguva zvemitemo pamwero kuisa zvimwe kuti paumbwe mitengo mabasa. Tariffing yaifanira kuti kugadzirwa chigadzirwa rave kuwanikwa vatengi zvose. Uyezve, nokuti mabhizimisi zvakadai, uyewo mamwe, basa rokuita kubhadhara kuti bhajeti.

Goodies

Enterprise-monopolist anogona:

• Maximize kushandiswa maturo kwakaita warwo kugadzirwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza mutengo kubudisa chairema goho.
• Vanounganidzira mari nouchapupu kuti tirambe kurimwa mumutsetse optimum chechetere.
• Shandisa vanobudirira Stp.
• Tevedzera dzakafanana dzemunharaunda mabasa uye zvigadzirwa.
• Tsiva mumusika mashandiro ose intra-hierarchical yakarongeka, kwegadziriro contractual ukama. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti chinokosha zvinoderedza Nokurasikirwa chokuita nechokwadi uye ngozi.

nezvayakaipira

Negative zvinobatanidzwa chindingindingi mabasa richiratidzwa kwaniso dzavo:

• Isa padanho mutengo wokutengesa. Izvi zvikonzero muedzo kuti kuchinja zvinonyatsooneka mugove nevatengi mari. The yokupedzisira angasava kuva neizvi kukanganisa zvavakanga vachida kuita.
• Block hwokugadzira kuvandudzika okuwana.
• Save tichiregeredza yokuzvininipisa mabasa uye zvigadzirwa.
• Tora chimiro "administrative diktat", saka kutsiva huripo mashandiro makwikwi.

zvakawanikwa

Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva pamusoro pamazita kukudzwa chindingindingi emakambani vanogona kuva payakaipira, uyewo vakutarisire. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti chimiro ichi management ndiyo dzinopesana chaizvo. Inonanga ziva kuti kudarika nezvayakaipira kana zvayakanakira, zvikuru matambudziko. Zvichakadai, vagari havagoni kurarama kwenguva refu chokwadi uye kuvimba pamusoro chindingindingi. The ano kwava ikozvino asingakwanisi kana kuti kuderedze, ndoda tisanyanya basa nevhu rakawandisa vari upfumi. Pasinei neizvi, makambani aya zvino emagetsi chikuru inivhesitimendi.

hurumende chengetedzo

Zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvikurukuru pane mutengo kuzvidzora, izvo zvinosanganisira nzira:

1. Avhareji mari.
2. Pave muganhu mutengo. Tichishandisa nzira iyi, kunorondedzerwa vanoshandisa, vari pasi rokumanikidzwa basa. Kwavari, akaisa shoma pamwero wakachengeteka chiitiko hazvibviri kugutsa zvakazara.
3. Subsidization. Nzira iyi inonzi nzira mutengo rusarura. Anofunga kuti vatengi anopiwa mumwe chigadzirwa ari kuderedzwa mutengo tichiregeredza vamwe vanoshandisa.

Unobudisawo hurumende dzisiri mutengo murau. Ivo:

1. Rokutanga macheki. Anoti fanira Urongwa fomu kubvumirana kupinda chero kutengeserana kana mamwe mashoko akumbirwa kuti gona zviremera.
2. Teverai-up. Zviri fanira pamutemo muviri nezvokudzokera vakaita zviito.

oma tariffs,

chiyero ichi wakabatwa panguva rehurumende dhigiri 2013. Mugore chisarudzo rokutanga havana kusimudza tariffs, uye mune inotevera 2 makore indekisi kuti mitengo yapfuura nguva. Zvichakadai, chindingindingi akati kuti vachamanikidzwa kutema zvirongwa inivhesitimendi. Izviwo, vane inokanganisa mamiriro wandei maindasitiri. Mukuwedzera, pamavambo pakatanga zviyero dzakadaro uye kambani akanongedza mukana wokuti STRUCTURAL rearrangements. Saka, zvakanga mudonzvo rutapudzo (ari administrative Unit), kurambirwa indexation inotambirwa (asi kugadzirwa vashandi). Maererano nokufungidzira kuti "Gazprom" muna 2013 kuti kuoma nechando tariffs, nokuti akatevera 3 years, kambani ingatadza mabhiriyoni 510 rubles mari. Panyaya iyi, purogiramu mubhizimisi iri projected kuti kuderedzwa mabhiriyoni 407 rubles.