Chinangwa chokusika uye yokutanga Asian Development Bank

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) kwave chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nzvimbo kukura ano - pakurwisa urombo. It anoshanda munzvimbo, apo vanenge mamiriyoni 700 vanhu vane mari shoma pane $ 1 pazuva uye 1.9 billion (kupfuura kota vepasi) pamwe mari zvishoma pane $ 2 rimwe zuva.

nhoroondo mashoko

ADB rave agamuchirwa '60s sezvo chevanorwara zvemari, kubatsira zvoupfumi kukura, Inter-mamiriro pamwe mune rimwe varombo kumatunhu nenyika. Chakagamuchirwa muna 1963 chisarudzo pamusoro hunokosha Conference of Vashumiri nyika pedyo vakauya kurota chokwadi.

Panovhurwa Asian Development Bank kwakaitika 19.12.1966 makore. Pakutanga, chinangwa chikuru chaiva kuzivisa rutsigiro kumaruwa. Muna 60 fung sangano chakabatikana zvikuru kubatsira mumunda kugadzirwa kwezvokudya. Center kuti anobvumawo wasarudza ADB Manila. First Mutungamiri Takeshi Watanabe.

Asian Development Bank: chinangwa pakusika

In mari urongwa womuchinda basa. sangano:

• zvinounza kutsigira zvoupfumi kukura muna Asia-Pacific nharaunda, umo nyika dzose nhengo vanofarira;
• It anobatsira akaoma basa kukura kwacho;
• It anoita se anowedzera zvoupfumi nemagariro pezvakaitwa;
• inokurudzira mushandirapamwe emunharaunda uye subregional.

Pakurwisa urombo, ADB kushanda munzvimbo huru mbiri:

• Urongwa mari iri gadziriro zvimwe zvirongwa uye zvirongwa kuderedza urombo uye pave kukura kwoupfumi;
• kugadzirira mazano uye kuongorora hurumende nhengo kunyika zvokushandisa kuvandudzika mitemo uye masangano kuitira kuvandudza mararamiro.

Information urongwa

The Bank kwakasimbiswa inokosha kukurukurirana purogiramu. It anosarudza zviri mashoko mashoko, chipfuro nevaimuteerera uye dzokuwana hutachiwana. Nokuti kubudirira ADB riri kushanda pamwe nemasangano akasiyana-siyana uye voruzhinji.

Kuumba simba uye zvibereko kudyidzana zvikuru anofukidza basa, kukurudzira of Asian Development Bank uye chinangwa mabasa ayo zvakajeka uye zvinonzwisisika. Kuti nechivimbo uye kuti akurudzire chitange nokuita ADB kunoratidza kubudirana pachena uye kuzvidavirira kuburikidza tichishingaira kupanana ruzivo uye inofambiswa kubva wekuongorora.

mamiriro

Asian Development Bank - chinhu multilateral sangano ane shareholders ndivo 67 nhengo nyika, 48 kubva kumiganhu uye 19 kubva kune dzimwe nyika. chikuru zviridzwa ADB kuti nokubatsira kwayo kusimukira nhengo nyika vari gwara nhaurirano, zvikwereti, Nokutendeka Investments, inopikira, anopa, uye michina rubatsiro.

mabasa zvemari

Kubhangi ane zvakakomba mari kuti mari zvirongwa. Kana ari mambakwedza mari iye vakavhura zvishoma kupfuura $ 1 bhiriyoni, zvadaro 80 fung Fund yakasvika $ 10 billion XXI sangano remakore akasangana neboka guru chaizvo -. $ 50 bhiriyoni.

basa mamiriro iri nyore: mupfumi-anokwereta hurumende mari Fund kutsivira ADB, izvo zvinotibatsira kuti tiite budiriro chirongwa ari varombo munharaunda. Anomukweretesa mamiriro dzinokwezva chaizvo kana tichienzanisa kumusika zvemari vezvokutengeserana.

nhamba

Muna 2015, bhuku anomukweretesa kuna Asian Development Bank yakasvika $ 15,45 bhiriyoni (zvirongwa 107), bhuku michina rubatsiro (TA) $ 141.30 miriyoni (199 zvirongwa), uye uwandu mapurogiramu mari nokuda kwaanoita, semutongo $ 365,15 miriyoni (17 muzvirongwa).

Uyezve, kwaiva kuti vaunze $ 10,74 bhiriyoni zvakananga co-mari ari muchimiro pamutemo zvikwereti ndokupa, dzimwe concessional mari uye vezvokutengeserana co-mari. Pakati pavo:

• Zvikwereti kirasi «B»;
• zvigadziriswe pangozi chinja;
• Co-mari inopikira;
• dzakafanana zvikwereti;
• Parallel guta;
• co-mari remapazi pakutsigira Program ADB kutengeserana.

Munguva kubva January 1, 2011 musi December 31, 2015 wegore Vhoriyamu ADB anomukweretesa neavhareji $ 12.93 bhiriyoni. Uyezve, bhuku mari kwaanoita uye TA mari ne ADB uye anokosha mari pfuma, avhareji yaiva $ mamiriyoni 580.66 uye US $ 150, mamiriyoni 23 TA pamusoro iyoyo.

Muna 2016, ADB akavhiyiwa ndokusvika zvose-nguva akakwirira $ 31.5 billion, kuwedzera 17% zvichienzaniswa 2015. Yakasimbiswa zvikwereti ndokupa kuti mambo uye vasiri changamire akavhiyiwa yakasvika $ 17.5 billion (kuwedzera 9%), non-concessional zvikwereti vakasvika $ 14.4 billion zvaunoda zvikwereti vakapfuura $ 3.1 billion rubatsiro Technical yakawedzera anenge 20% - .. Up kuti $ mamiriyoni 170.

Asian Development Bank: Ko kuchabatsira Russia

Vazhinji wenharaunda Russia iri kusimbiswa Asia, achitora chetatu kondinendi. Kunyange zvazvo Code hairevi varombo nyika, pamwe chete ADB musoro. Mubvunzo kusangana rinokurukurwa nokushingaira, nepo nyika aine mucherechedzi kwemaonerwo sechivako kubhengi.

The chipingamupinyi accession ndiyo vasingafariri pezvaaitsigira ADB zvikuru shareholders - Japan uye United States. Zvisinei, mumwe nedzenyu budiriro iri Nhaurirano Japan uye USA kuchinja enyika uye zvoupfumi mitemo yacho Vatungamiriri vatsva kuunza kupinda reRussia kupinda pfungwa kubhengi mamiriro kodzero nomupi nyika.

Membership kuchaita Russia kudzamisa ari pamwe chete States nhengo APEC. Investment zvirongwa mune zvokurima, kutsigira toga matanho vari kuchikosheswa kukurudzira vari Asian Development Bank kukura kwezvivako muzvirongwa, uye Russia chete anofanira mushandirapamwe nemari zvirongwa izvi.

Basa iri Kishi munyika

ADB ari kushingaira kushanda pamwe Central Asian nyika: Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. Kazakhstan anoshandira pamwe ADB kubva 1994. Bank akaita $ 4.4 billion kusvika munyika muzvirongwa mune zvokurima, kudiridza, dzidzo, mari, zvekufambisa, mvura uye utsanana. The zvachose Vhoriyamu disbursements Asian Development Fund yakasvika $ 3,74 bhiriyoni.

The sangano rinobatanidzwa rokuvakazve 375? Km dzemarudzi dzaifanoiswa mukoridho muna Zhambyl nharaunda, izvo anenge wakakwana. Zvokugadzirisa 470 km kubva nzira Aktau-Beyneu muna Mangistau nharaunda, izvo zvinofanira kuderedza avhareji nguva kufamba kubva 12 kusvika 4 maawa, zviri nedanho Implementation.

Muna 2015, ADB vakabvumira chikwereti $ 1 billion kubatsira Kazakhstan mu vasinganyatsooni mapurogiramu zvoupfumi kurwisa unopinza kuderera mune mitengo mafuta dzakawanda uye zvoupfumi paanochinja munyika dzakavakidzana. Mune simba zvekutepfenyura, ichipa hwokugadzira kubatsirwa drafting ari mazuvaano kuti eruwa kudziyisa network.

Kubva pamwe, ADB akafarirwa zvirongwa matanhatu nokuda private nemauto muKazakhstan pamwe zvachose mari pamusoro $ mamiriyoni 455,2. Pakazosvika 2016, zvachose nepakati muzvikwereti uye munataisireva kubva akavhiyiwa ari private nemauto racho $ mamiriyoni 66,64. Uyewo, Kazakhstan rava anyatsoronga pamusoro concessional Fund Asian kukura, bhizimisi $ 5,49 mamiriyoni muna 2012.

Kutanga kubva 1996, Asian Development Bank chirongwa munzvimbo dzakadai zvekufambisa, simba, mvura uye utsanana, dzidzo uye mari, kuchikosha rokubaya hwevanhu vari Uzbekistan. A pedyo anoshanda ukama pakati ADB uye hurumende akabvumira bhengi 2009 kaviri zvinhu zvayo paakapiwa muRepublic. Somuenzaniso, purogiramu yose zvikwereti mibatanidzwa yakabatsira nechokwadi aibuda mari zvikuru navanoshayiwa uye mari shoma mhuri, uyewo diki uye micro mabhizimisi. Bank akabatsira kuva richikurukura 100 chikwereti mibatanidzwa vakabatana 141.000 nhengo, pamwe $ 88 miriyoni vari deposits uye $ mamiriyoni 107 kubva chikwereti Portfolio.

Women mumaruwa munzanga Uzbekistan vakagamuchira mari uye kugona unyanzvi hunodiwa kuti vabudirire pakagadzwa koteji Mazinga. The chirongwa yakabatsira vakadzi vanopfuura 1,000 kuponesa mari, uye vanenge 80% vavo akasvinudzwa basa ravo gare gare.

subtotals

Pasinei kwaita Asia sechinhu zvoupfumi injini yacho nyika, mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo chinoreva zvakawanda. Apo basa Asian Development Bank chave rutapudzo urombo unopedzisira zvinopfuura hafu munzvimbo huchiri kumusha vanhu bhiriyoni 1,2 vanogara $ 3 pazuva, anenge 3/4 vana munyika - underweight. vagari 600 miriyoni vari kunyimwa magetsi, mabhiriyoni 1,7 vanhu musashandisa nani utsanana. ADB achaita Zvaifadza yakawanda basa inogona kuenderera mberi varombo kumatunhu nenyika.