Chii munda romukova? Field Post WWII uye ano

Field Post agara rwakaita basa rinokosha pakati zvose zvayo dzimwe mhando kuti ati aripo pamusoro munharaunda Russia. Akabva vaitungamirira chinzvimbo, akabva anyangarika kwenguva refu. Asi mangoti kumwe chakakonzerwa kurwisana kwemauto uye vakatanga kushingaira ruvengo, iye pakarepo akabuda zvakare yakatsviriridza.

Under Field Post unonyanyozivikanwa kunzwisiswa se basa rinokosha kuti inopa rekutakura, mabha- basa mauto. zita iri rine munguva yorugare uye munguva yehondo, zvinova rechiuto.

Sei zvakadaro mumhanyi haashandisi zvatinosiita kero kunyora hurongwa

Kuti kuposita kukurukura yakaitwa pasina dzongonyedzo, mumwe reuto ane nhamba munda kero kutumira tsamba. Kusvikira 1942 vakaverengwa mailboxes vemauto dzakabatana akanga asina kukwana, uye pane nyaya kuvhura muvengi kero pedyo nzvimbo mauto aigona kuzivisa kwete chete chaiko nhamba vezvikwata echiuto, uye kunyange kunzvimbo dislocation yavo. Asi pashure 05.10.1942 akanga asaina murayiro NKO USSR №0679, wakaiswa akabuda zvavaifanira kuti vorega tsamba kuna Red Army, zvikanganiso zvose zvakaiswa kugadziridzwa. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, kana usingazive nhamba reuto, zita raro, bazi basa uye nzvimbo, nhamba kutsvaka munda romukova hauchazopi ruzivo chero chaiyo. Data idzi zvakavanzika (zvakavanzika muchiuto) uye anofanira chisingazobudiswi pachena, kwete ipapo chete, kana achienda kuhondo, asi kunyange munguva yorugare.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa munda romukova

Musi hwaro anoonekwa kuti munda pambiru muna 1695. Muvambi akanga mambo wekupedzisira Russia zvose uye vokutanga Russian Emperor Peter I. Izvi zvakaitika panguva yakakurumbira Azov danidziro. Kugara Russian muchiuto pambiru ikoko yose chirongwa (April 1695 - August 1696) ari kumativi maviri kufamba wamapoka; asi Volga uye Don. It anoshanda inenge nokukurumidza zvakakwana. Somuenzaniso, na wakatumwa Moscow, kusvika achida kuenda munzvimbo Azov pamusoro rechi15 zuva.

Name "munda romukova" akazviratidza chete muna May 1712, uye pakupedzisira yakasimbiswa kuburikidza nemitemo muchiuto chete Peter I muna 1716 Mukutanga rechi18 (panguva Great Northern War) kutsigira kutaurirana pakati guru uye pamberi vanga vaisa vanonzi yokufunga "kukurumidza kutaurirana. " "Zvinenge panguva pasherefu" anoshandiswa kwenguva pfupi, asi rinoshanda pakutanga dragoons, uyo vakazonzi chakatsiva kwakajairika mutyairi.

Next kutumbuka munda romukova akasvika muna 1812, apo achibatsirwa zvakanzi inopiwa kudyidzana pakati dzakasiyana dzenyika hondo. uyewo anokurukura St. Petersburg, Moscow uye neshure. Code Napoleon akatanga kushingaira kukwidziridzwa kuMoscow, akawanda migwagwa matsva mabha- dzakatangwa (anenge chirimwa ose kubva 30 kusvika 50 mabhiza, dzakanga pave population). Pashure Mauto Napoleon kuti vakakundwa uye shure kusvikira kumuganhu, munda romukova yakatamira pashure uye yave muParis.

Basa munda pambiru iri Civil War

Munguva Soviet, munda zvikuru yakanga dzakabatanidzwa tsamba, kunyanya kana nyika akatinhira yehondo. Panguva kuti murayiro (nhamba 233 yomusi 29.02.1920 aiva) akanga yakasainwa parakatonga kuti hapana nyaya haagoni kunonoka paishandiswa ngoro pamusoro njanji. Kuti kuva kuramba inofamba, ivo commandants pakati chose zvose chitima dzemapurisa vaifanira kuisa navo chero chikamu chitima. Panguva iyoyo, tsamba nemagudzu vakanga vakaenzana kukosha zvacho pamwe motikari yehondo. Mukuwedzera, kuitira ichi akaratidza kuti tsamba nokuti Red Army harisi chete chisingarambiki muchiuto kukosha, asiwo tsika uye enyika.

Field Post, uye The Great Patriotic War

Munguva yehondo kubatana pakati vezvikwata muchiuto, zvikepe, siyana remauto yedzidzo masangano, mabhizimisi, uyewo vemo dzinoita uto munda pambiru. In chinonyanya unosuruvarisa nguva munhoroondo nyika yedu magamba havasi chete varwi, asi paishandiswa basa, izvo vakakumikidza tsamba kuna huripo anokwana zviyero muchiuto, yokuzogumbura hwavo. Vaivawo kutora zvombo uye achadzivirira zvinhu ake anokosha, nekuti kana matsamba akawira mumaoko muvengi, mauto edu hungakanganisika zvikuru kurasikirwa.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti munda romukova WWII ari mwedzi akapa Red Army tsamba mapepanhau mamiriyoni 30 vanenge mamiriyoni 70. Kudeuka Vhoriyamu tsamba yaiva pakati masoja uye vadiwa vavo vakanga vari shure.

Pakutanga Guru Patriotic War Office rakavambwa nemauto-mail (ari mujinga Main Directorate of Red Army Communications). Uyewo pamusoro fronts uye zvose nehondo muzinda akamisa chaiwo madhipatimendi, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo - tsamba munda zvechitima.

Zvinoumba kutumira tsamba kuna pamberi

Tsamba akaramba uchakumikidzwa kunyange panguva kukombwa Leningrad uye deposition pamusoro Sevastopol. Field Post haana kurega basa ravo, pasinei nenzara, kutonhora, uye kugara bombardments. Matsamba vakauya sledging, ngoro kunyange nyore kune maoko.

Munguva kusingaperi bombardment guru kune vashandi emauto munda romukova mahofisi vaifanira kushanda ari dzoutsinye ezvinhu. Neminwe uye Assorted matsamba kugamuchira kwete dugouts uye zvirindo, uye kunyange chete pasi kana mudondo glade. Kazhinji zvakakosha kuti anunure na kuti wading kukambaira pasi muchina-pfuti moto, achipfuura minefields. The chinangwa chikuru chaiva vazopa tsamba kubva kumusha varwi kuhondo, uye magwaro - vatungamiri bunkers. Ndiyo nhau kubva pamba vakapa varwi simba uye kuramba kudzivirira nyika yokumusha kwavo.

Tsamba-Delta - News kubva kumberi

Postal pakukurukura rinoitwa vaviri pamberi uye shure kubva mberi. Kana positimeni rikawana pasi volleys kuti "Katyusha" kusvikira zvinodiwa chikamu muchiuto, vakatora kubva mabhii muchimiro netriangle. Yaiva nhau kubva mberi, chizvarwa, uyo akataura nezvokuti vavo uye varume vachiri vapenyu.

MuSoviet Union vakanga akatuma tsamba kubva mberi pachena. Vari zvikuru akapeta (pamwe nzira iyi yaiva kushandisa mahamvuropu yaiva tsvarakadenga zvakaoma kuwana mberi mutsetse kwete zvachose) muchimiro netriangle.

Mumwe awana tsamba yakadaro iri nyore: kutora rectangular jira (kazhinji akatorwa kubva kupfuura vanhuwo notibhuku), hwakakungwa pakutanga kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, uye ipapo vakutarisire - kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Panguva iyoyo yakaramba chiduku kanyika pabepa, akaiswa mugomba netriangle. Ichokwadi, hapana kunama tsamba (tsamba neimwe kubva kumberi kusenza nzira kwakaitika, kuti muvengi haana kuziva urongwa Red Army), kuti zvizivikanwe harishandiswi, uye kero zvakanyorwa pamusoro jira.

Vakaverengwa wemuTesitamende Soviet Union

Mumunda yaimbova USSR-mail uchishandisa chaiyo hurongwa nendima dzakasiyana dzakabatana zvechiuto uye nzvimbo. Apo zvinoitika kero anofanira kunyorwa, akanongedzera tsamba uye nhamba. Rakanga wokutanga mutsamba / awa izvo zvaireva kuti reuto, ipapo chinoteverwa shanu-digit dzinotevedzana nhamba - mumwe chikamu code, pashure akanyora tsamba (izvo zvinoreva chinhu womukati tumisoro). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muSoviet Union chokuendesa makadhi netsamba kuti muchiuto (sezvo kwavari ndiEzekieri) ndiyo mahara.

Mamiriro munda kero iri Russian Federation

Munguva yedu, munda romukova haana kurasa kukosha kwayo. Iye, sapakutanga, Zvinokosha pakupa kubatana pakati siyana muchiuto idzodzo. Zvino ose reuto ine chiratidzo chacho, chine shanu (mana) nhamba uye tsamba (somuenzaniso, №54321-U kana / h №01736-C).

To tsamba (munda), kuti Russian Federation mberi basa rayo, hurumende dzose zvisarudzo zvakakodzera kwayo rutsigiro uye kuvandudzika. Saka, muna imwe RF Goskoma maodha foni uye ruzivo (№104 musi 25.12.1997) zvakanzi akacherechedza kuti, chaiye tsamba postcards (achirema 20 g) vanotumirwa kubva vezvikwata zvechiuto uye akatuma pamusoro RF vanofanira anofanira ndokutsika mativi chimiro. chitambi Izvi zvinopupurira kuti tsamba hakurevi chitambi. Zvakanaka, kana anoyera zvakawanda ipapo kutumira rinoitwa pasi vanhuwo hwaro (panguva mwero).

Nenzira, tsamba-zvokuridza dzichiri asina akararama pacharo, nekuti mune kurwa mahamvuropu achiri zvakaoma chaizvo kuwana, saka nzira iri richiri kushandiswa nevakawanda.