Chii marasha, uye ndezvipi?

Nyaya rinotaura nezvei mazimbe kuti vakadaro Zvisaririra marasha, sezvazvakanyorwa akaumba uye mune zvipi rinoshandiswa nguva yedu.

tsananguro

All kanenge kamwe, asi Ndanzwa shoko akafanana marasha kana marasha. Saka chii ichocho? Kana mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu kureva tsananguro duramazwi Ozhegova uye imomo unogona kuwana zvinotevera tsanangudzo: marasha - mumwe Zvisaririra rakasimba mafuta fuma, iyo yakaumbwa kubva mumiti yekare. Mazimbe ainziwo Somuenzaniso, huni residues overheated - marasha moto, moto choto, uye zvichingodaro. Panzira, kuti marasha pashure ichiridzwa, ichi kushandiswa handizvo, umo nyaya inonzi gang residues.

Uyewo, pakupindura mubvunzo: "Chii pamazimbe," huni ndewe nezvenyu - avanotarisira kuti dzinopfungairira inopisa kunyange pashure mazhinji kupisa kurapwa. Munguva dzekare, ichi ndicho dzavo ehupfumi anobatsira zvinoshandiswa kugadzirwa redare kubva esimbi uye mhizha kuchengetedza tembiricha iri yamavira. Uye zimbe yaimbonzi kushandiswa somumwe constituent zvinhu upfu dema. Asi gare gare dzekare Zano "saltpeter, sarufa marasha," nokusiiwa nyasha itsva isina chiutsi upfu. Saka tinonzwisisa kuti mazimbe akadaro, uye tikanyatsoongorora marasha - the zvicherwa kuti kamwe akabatsira vanhu kuti kwemaindasitiri.

inotungamirwa

Zvinokosha kutaura chokwadi kuti marasha yaiva zvicherwa rokutanga kuti vanhu vakadzidza sei kuita uye kushandisa.

The inotungamirwa yayo huru reservoirs vakatanga, maererano masayendisiti, makore anenge mamiriyoni 400 apfuura. Zvino vazhinji nyika akafukidzwa anezvimiti uye masango anogara achinaya. Zvishoma nezvishoma vaunganidza pamusoro pasi zvirimwa, uye munzvimbo mvura yakanga mira uye murombo ari okisijeni, zvishoma nezvishoma akaumba ramangwana Zvisaririra namazimbe. Nhano Its rokutanga aiva turf, uye zvishoma nezvishoma pressurized uye compressed kuti ibwe.

Zvishoma Papera, yakakura dzidzo kwaiita mafuta yamira. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nyaya ndechokuti vanhuwo howa, kana kutoti, mumwe Foroma kuti vanovakonzera. Izvozvo wakanamatira zvinhu kuti abatsire paumbwe marasha. Nokuda kuramba kufamba dzenyika nechepasi uye-chinja kubva makondinendi, vamwe marasha vazvo zvakadzika chakazopera akabuda, uye vanhu vakadzidza kushandisa zvicherwa - marasha.

kwemaindasitiri

Muna Russian Empire marasha inoshandiswa diki, uye ayo chikuru kugadzirwa rakatanga yokutanga yezana XIX remakore, pashure kuwanikwa mupfumi deposits. Zvisinei, tariro peturu mhando iyi kunzwisisa kunyange Petro pachake yokutanga.

Saka kana ari Azov mushandirapamwe, akaratidzwa nhema chicherwa kuti zvakanaka kupiswa. Gare gare, kubvira 1722, wamambo nechirevo akaronga rwendo nokuda ubanguranyika ose deposits ayo.

Chii kabhoni Zvisaririra? Ichi dema, gobvu, asi pfava chicherwa dzakakwirira combustion tembiricha. Rakakamurwa zvitatu marudzi.

First - izvi anthracite. The kabhoni kugutsikana mairi 95%. Wekumusoro zvinodhura uye mukuru-simba mhando peturu. Rinoshandiswa zvikurukuru maindasitiri zvinangwa.

Wechipiri - ndiyo marasha. It yakaumbwa kubva sedimentary pamatombo, chikamu kabhoni mairi 75-95. Uyewo rine yakawanda mwando nokuda iyo unopisa uye anopisira kwete sezvinoita anthracite.

Wechitatu uye pakupedzisira - iri shava marasha. Chitsvene muduku peat aumba kubva residues rine kubva 65 kusvika 75% kabhoni.

In yokutanga yezana XIX remakore kuRussia vakatanga zvikuru kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa iri riwedzere. Zvisinei, sezvo munyika yose. A mhando itsva nemafuta kuchaita yekudyidzana kutanga bhizimisi, somuenzaniso chete goho pamusoro yenguruve resimbi, izvo kare aisagona kubudiswa pamwero.

Production uye Application

Akasika nzira mbiri: pachivande uye Outdoor. Rakajairika yokutanga sezvo ayo nehoro kunze panyika vari dererei uye vari kukurumidza kuneta. Kana kudiwa kuti avake pevhu yangu, apo kudzika pasi idzodzo Vanopwanyirwa marasha munzira dzakasiyana, uye ipapo vakasimudza kunze, uko Sorting vachizvitakudza.

Izvi Rinobatanidzwa ne rakasiyana ngozi mhando - ngwanda, mafashamo, kuputika ose methane. Kunze marasha guruva kazhinji ine carcinogens, uye miners vanofanira kupfeka haende kuti kuchidzivisa pakufema uye, somugumisiro, gasi mukutsinhana muropa.

Coal rinoshandiswa nenzira dzinoverengeka maindasitiri kubvira simba anopera zvatinosiita musha dzimba muchidziisa.

ngozi

Pasinei yakaderera mari inoshandiswa uye yakakwirira tembiricha combustion kuti marasha unopfuta kunokonzera kukuvadza chinokosha zvakatipoteredza. Izvi imhaka yokuti munguva combustion nayo inongorira yakawanda carbon dioxide inobvisa iyo kuwedzera inokudza maturo.

Saka tinonzwisisa kuti marasha ndiyo nzira vari, izvo anobudiswa uye chii chadzo. Nanhasi, mafuta ichi hachisi kuenda, asi reserves aro kwezvinoshandiswa, chinoita kuti tifunge kutsvaka nzira simba zvinyorwa.