Chii chinonzi snowflake? Sei vari kuumbwa uye chii inoitwa?

Tiny Ice crystals oma nemamwe siyana, izvo norupo anotipa zvose chando - ndizvo zvakataurwa twemazaya echando. Chakavanzika ichi chinoshamisa chishamiso zvakasikwa kare kukwezvwa kubvunzana pfungwa. Sei Fani iyi, izvo mitemo inozviisa pakuomerera runyararo siyana dzavo uye nei vari saka siyana - mibvunzo iyi achaedza kupindura munyaya ino.

Nhoroondo nokudzidza twemazaya echando

Masayendisiti refu vakaedza kuwana izvo twemazaya echando kutsanangura zvakaoma uye rinopindirana marongerwo zvivako zvavo. The rokutanga vanodhirowa dzavo zvakasikwa zviri kwakaitwa Swiss mutsvakurudzi Mangus muna 1555.

Pakutanga XVII remakore musayendisiti German Iogann Kepler vakaona kuti zvinenge zvose twemazaya echando vari hexagonal crystals. Iye rakabudiswa pamusoro penyaya mapepa yesayenzi.

Mumakore 1635-1637 mubvunzo chii twemazaya echando vanofarira yemasvomhu French Rene Dekarta. Akarondedzera kwavari kutarisa yakaita samaruva Roses uye mavhiri meno matanhatu. Iye akabudisa yokunyora nokudhirowa yavo, izvo unogona kuona twemazaya echando pamwe masere kana gumi mazino, tinongonzwa kuitika chaizvo kashoma.

Muna 1885, musayendisiti American Wilson Bentley mufananidzo wokutanga chando sekristaro nemaikorosikopu. Kweanenge mashanu nemakore, muunganidzwa wake akanga 5000 mapikicha zvakafanana.

Japanese Nakaya Ukitiro - yefizikisi - vakakanganiswa mubasa kudzidza sei twemazaya echando vari kuumbwa uye nei vari zvose zvakasiyana, mumakore 30 remakore rechimakumi maviri. Akanga kupatsanura wavo wokutanga zvesayenzi uye yakagadzirwa mumwe nomazviri pagadzirwe chakagadzirwa echando. Zita musayendisiti anonzi Museum echando uye chando kuti riri muna Japan, pachitsuwa Hokkaido.

Muna 1955, kuRussia A. Overseas twemazaya echando rakakamurwa makirasi mapfumbamwe, uyewo 48 marudzi. Pakati pavo - "hedgehogs", "tsono", "aiise", "nembariro", "cuff Links" uye vamwe.

American Kenneth Liebrecht kurarama mumazuva iwayo, akanga "azere twemazaya echando Handbook." Murabhoritari yake, chando crystals vari yakura artificially, zviri kunyange zvichiita kupa chakagadzirwa chimiro.

Sei kuumba twemazaya echando

Snowflakes vari aumba kubva mvura mhute. Zviduku mumate yakaderera tembiricha uye yakakwirira mwando iri yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa mumakore. Vanotarisana seguruva akayangarara mudenga, uye vanobatana navo. Saka, kuti acho twemazaya echando, - a guruva PARTICIPLE (mechanical nuclei) uye duku chando nezvimedu, zvishoma nezvishoma kukura kumativi nomumwe wavo.

Sezvo ramangwana snowflake ikasawira muvhu, akabatanidzwa zvose itsva chando crystals, apo ukaramba ayo zvakajeka hexagonal chimiro. zvikamu Convex of sekristaro kukura nokukurumidza.

Kusangana nenzira chete supercooled mumate, snowflake richikura. Kuparidzira dzinonetsa guru, rikawira pasi - pasi.

dzakasiyana-siyana twemazaya echando

On vanokura nzira twemazaya echando vari kuumbwa uye sei, anonzwa havangaverengwi zvinhu. Rinonyatsooneka vavo - the alternation kuti tembiricha dzakasiyana akaturikidzana zvomumhepo, crystals chando vari kuunzwa.

Mudenga, ivo twemazaya echando vari dzichichinja. Munzvimbo inotonhora crystals kukura riri kuwedzera vanokurira zvakati pakureba. Ikoko, apo pane zvakawanda mhepo inodziya, ari "mwaranzi" substantially miforo, asi kutanga kukura pahupamhi. Achiziva kuti snowflake, unogona kutsanangura nyore sei, zvichienderana mamiriro ekunze munyika imwe nzvimbo kazhinji unowira kwese kwake mhando chando.

Saka, muna reBaltic yemunharaunda Central Russia muna wakadzikama ekunze, chando kazhinji unouya muchimiro guru "fluffy" flakes, vane kunzwisisa mapazi chimiro. With simba gusts kwemhepo uye vakaderera tembiricha twemazaya echando dhumhana nemumwe, uye chiwondomoke kunyika yakaisvonaka zvimedu kuwa pasi. Kana waguma-mana dhigirii chando, kuti nascent chando crystals achandichengeta pasi "diamond guruva". Uye pakati Yakutia kuchitonhora vanowanzotadza dzakaonda "tsono" echando.

Kana chando Falls

Chando achiumbwa zvakadyiwa apo mhepo tembiricha iri pazasi madhigirii maviri Celsius. Pfungwa yokuti lämpömittari ichi nzira awire pasi razero - Manyepo. Muchiitiko chino, rwunotanga vazvinyause kuchando yakatobuda rawa. Zvisinei, mune izvi mhepo tembiricha munzvimbo mune precipitates hazvo kunoderedza.

Unonyanya flakes chando achawira kuwanda razero vaviri inegumi. Asi kana tembiricha anotanga hwokukurira, zvino, chii inoitwa twemazaya echando - duku chando crystals, zvichaita zvisingadzoreki zvichanyauka. Muchiitiko chino, ingangova, tinofanira kutarisira akawira nyoro chando, uye kunyange mvura.