Chii chinonzi nedutu? A dzinopisa nedutu iri Southern Hemisphere. Madutu uye anticyclones - hunhu uye mazita

Chii chinonzi nedutu? Anenge munhu wose anofarira ekunze - inoratidza Zvaifungidzirwa mishumo. Zvisinei, kazhinji nezvazvo madutu uye anticyclones. Vanhu vazhinji vanonyatsoziva kuti izvi zvinoita kuti mhepo mananara zvine chokuita nemamiriro okunze kunze zvakananga. Munyaya ino tichaedza kufunga zvavari.

Chii nedutu

Dutu - yakaderera kumanikidzwa vematunhu, kuti hurongwa kufukidzwa tenderera nemhepo. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ndiko inoshamisa sandara mumhepo vortex. Uyezve, mhepo mairi spirals kumativi nomusimboti zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika nayo. Chikonzero chinoita izvi zviri kuonekwa pasi BP nechepakati chikamu. Naizvozvo, kudziya nyoro mhepo gobvu vakatakudzwa zvichikwira kuburikidza kutenderera nedutu (Meso) ari pakati. Izvi zvinokonzera kuunganidza kumusoro arambe achirema makore. In mapazi ichi mhepo zvakapararira simba, nokukurumidza inogona kusvika 270 km / hr. In iri Northern Hemisphere mhepo kutenderera ari counterclockwise neumwe monyorora kuti pakati. In anticyclones nekusiyana, mhepo iri vakamonyanisa mune Kutenderera negwara. A dzinopisa nedutu iri Southern Hemisphere anoshanda sokuti zvakanaka. Zvisinei, mirayiridzo vari kuchinjwa. Madutu isvike inosiyana. dhayamita kwavo kunogona kuva huru kwazvo - kusvika zviuru zvakawanda makiromita. Somuenzaniso, nedutu guru anokwanisa chose kufukidza kondinendi European. Kazhinji izvi zvinoita kuti mhepo mananara zvakapararira mimwe nenzvimbo munzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, kumaodzanyemba nedutu achipinda Europe kubva muBalkans; nzvimbo reMediterranean, Black uye reCaspian makungwa.

Dutu inotungamirwa mashandiro - wokutanga kutotanga

Chii nedutu uye sei kuumbwa? Panguva mberi, i.e. ari kuonana dzinodengenyeka anofadza uye kutonhora mhepo makore simuka uye kutanga madutu. It akaumba munhu wechisikigo chakajairika apo guru chando polar mhepo paanoonanazve guru inodziya, nyoro. Muchiitiko chino, inodziya mhepo makore vanomhanyira siyana chando dzichiumbwa kwavari chinhu chakafanana mutauro. Ndiwo mavambo yokuberekwa nedutu. Zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope hama kune mumwe, hova idzi panguva dzakasiyana tembiricha mhepo densities pave sefungu pamberi penyika, uye nokudaro ari kupfuura mberi mutsetse. Zvachinja inotungamirwa chakatodzana ane riemukaari concavity rakatarira kurutivi inodziya mhepo vakawanda. Its chidimbu iri pamberi nechokumabvazuva nedutu, noushamwari mberi. The wokumavirira mugove inova zveshure mumhepo mananara unotonhora mberi. Muna penguva pakati pavo nedutu sawanikwa ekunze mapazi akanaka, izvo kazhinji inogara maawa mashomanana. Kwakadaro pamberi mutsetse Kutsauka achiperekedzwa vasanyanye zvavaida panguva pamusoro chinozunguzirwa.

nedutu Evolution: wechipiri kutotanga

Atmospheric nedutu kuramba ichishanduka mberi. Umbwa wave, kutamira, ave mutemo, kumabvazuva, kumusoro-kumabvazuva kana zasi-kumabvazuva, iri zvishoma akaremara. Language inodziya mhepo chinopinda mberi kuchamhembe, pova yakajeka kwoushamwari kwemauto yacho nedutu. Pamberi chikamu inodziya mhepo vakawanda ifambe kuchitonhora uye batana. Kana nokusimudza condensation kuti chiutsi uye paumbwe simba cumulus mvura makore unotungamirira kunayisa (mvura kana chando), izvo wokupedzisira refu. Upamhi mapazi ose frontal kunayisa zvinoitika muzhizha 300 uye muchando - 400? Km. Kure anoverengeka zana makiromita pamberi inodziya mberi panguva pamusoro updraft wasvika pane nekukwirira 10 makiromita uye zvakawanda, panguva iyo mwando condensation kunoitika kuumbika chando crystals. Ava, zvinoumba chena feathery makore. Saka, zvinokwanisika kuti kufanotaura kuswedera pedyo noushamwari pamberi nedutu.

The danho chetatu paumbwe mumhepo mananara

Humwe characterization of nedutu. Nyoro inodziya mhepo inodziya kwemauto, vakapfuura pamusoro kutonhora panyika, anoumba rimwe layered pasi cloudiness, bvungapfunga, pfunha. Pashure kwemutemo noushamwari mberi kunouya noushamwari ramakore pamwe wokumaodzanyemba mhepo. Zviratidzo izvi kazhinji ndiyo chitarisiko mhute uye maumi. Zvino kusvika chando mberi. The chando mhepo achipfuura payo, swims pasi inodziya uye anodzinga nayo pamusoro. Izvi zvinotungamirira paumbwe cumulonimbus. Ndivo chikonzero wokunaya, mabhanan'ana, achiperekedzwa mhepo simba. Upamhi kumberi kutonhora kunayisa mapazi anenge 70? Km. With nguva yasvika kutsiva rwemberi chikamu nedutu. Kunoita mhepo yakasimba, cumulus makore uye muchitonhorera ekunze. With nguva, mhepo inotonhora achisunda inodziya kumabvazuva. Pashure paizvozvo akaisa pachena ekunze.

Sezvo akaumba madutu chechina kutotanga

Sezvo kupinda anofadza mhepo mumutauro wakadzikama mukanyiwa, zviri zvakawanda rakombwa nechando mhepo makore, uye anotofanira kumusoro. Zvinoita pakati nedutu yakaderera kumanikidzwa nharaunda, apo yakapoteredza mhepo makore vanomhanya. Sezvo vadzoke pakaunda-Kutenderera kuNorthern Hemisphere pasi pokudzora kutenderera Wepasi. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kumaodzanyemba madutu vane pakatarisana zvataurwa kutenderera dzedenga vakawanda. Nokuti kuti Pasi Anovhura ayo akabatana, mhepo havasi kunangidzirwa nechepakati mumhepo mananara, uye vari tangent kuti denderedzwa vakamupoteredza. Mukuita okukura, ivo kunowedzerwa nedutu.

The danho cheshanu Kushanduka nedutu

Cool mhepo pa mumhepo chakajairika runoita panguva yepamusoro kumhanya kupfuura kudziya. Naizvozvo, kutonhora pamberi nedutu zvishoma nezvishoma merges anozvirumbidza, pova anonzi occlusion mberi. At panyika hapasisina noushamwari wenyika. Pane chete inotonhora mhepo makore.

Warm mhepo inokwira kumusoro, uko zvishoma dzaserera uye vasunungurwa mwando mumatanda izvo pasi muchimiro mvura kana echando. Musiyano kupisa pakati chando uye mhepo inodziya zvishoma nezvishoma nokupera. Nokudaro nedutu rinotanga kuderera. Zvisinei, mumwe homogeneity zvakakwana izvi mhepo makore vasingadaro. Zvichitevera date nedutu pedyo mberi pamusoro penyika itsva chinozunguzirwa wechipiri anooneka. Izvi zvinoita kuti mhepo mananara vanogara mu series, mumwe zvinotevera vashoma kumaodzanyemba yapfuura mumwe. Kukwirira nedutu vortex kazhinji tisvike stratosphere, kureva, rinobuda kuti kukwirira 9-12? Km. Zvikurukuru huru dzinogona kuwanikwa akasvibira padaro rinenge 20-25? Km.

nedutu havukavu

Madutu anenge nguva kufamba. Speed kufamba kunogona kuva akasiyana chaizvo. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvinoderedza pamwe yakwegura pakati mumhepo mananara. Kazhinji, vachifambira panguva kumhanya anenge 30-40 km / h, maawa 24 unopfuura rwendo 1000-1500? Km kana kupfuura. Dzimwe nguva kufamba ari kumhanya 70-80? Km paawa uye zvakawanda pemipata pazuva 1800-2000? Km. With mamhanyiro uyu nedutu, iyo yava ukasha munzvimbo England, maawa 24 anogona kare kuva munzvimbo Leningrad uye Belarus, triggering rakapinza kuchinja ekunze. On ratinoona mananara kufurira chikawira sezvo muzinda rakada. Pane mazita siyana madutu uye madutu. Chimwe chezvinhu akakurumbira ndiye "Katrina", izvo zvakakonzera zvakakomba kukuvara kuUnited States.

ratinoona fronts

Chii nedutu, hatina kare apindura. Next achaita kutaura zvavo STRUCTURAL zvinoriumba - mumhepo fronts. Chii chinoita hombe negurumwandira nyorovera mhepo nedutu kukwira mudenga? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa kuti vanonzi ratinoona fronts. Isu kare kuti inodziya achitsva mhepo inofamba kubva neequator kusvikira matanda uye nenzira kwayo asangana chando mhepo negurumwandira unozvidzora latitudes. Sezvo zvivako anofadza uye akadzikama mhepo akasiyana chaizvo, ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti mafaira avo varege pakarepo kusanganisa. Munzvimbo rokusangana mhepo zvavo panguva tembiricha dzakasiyana kuchimuka mumwe raidudzwa bhendi - yezwi mapazi pakati kunze micheto nedzimwe mumuviri ehupfumi, izvo meteorology inonzi pamberi penyika. Zone kupatsanura mhepo gobvu unozvidzora uye dzinopisa latitudes, inonzi polar mberi. A pemvura mberi pakati nepakati uye Arctic latitudes anonzi Arctic. Sezvo arambe achirema kubva mhepo inodziya gobvu ndiro duku kupfuura chando, pamberi chinhu ndege vachida iro nguva dzose Inosendamira kurutivi mumitsetse pasi chando angled zvikuru diki pemvura. Mhepo inotonhora zvikuru gobvu, kana uchisangana noushamwari-up sezvavanomutsa wokupedzisira. Kufungidzira mberi pakati mhepo makore, unofanira kugara tichiyeuka kuti ichi ndicho - the zvekufungidzira pamusoro, raiiswa pamusoro pevhu. Line mumhepo mberi, riri kuumbwa panguva mharadzano pamusoro pemvura iyi pasi, kunoratidzwa pamusoro ekunze mepu.

dutu

Handizivi kana iri hunhu chinhu chakanaka zvakadai chinhu sechinhu dutu? Clear akanyorova denga pamusoro wakasika tsime pedyo kupenga Swirl pamusoro zvapararira zigzags kwemheni, masvingo ari dzakakwirira zviviri Mount Everest? Zvisinei, dambudziko kutyisidzira munhu uyo uchava pamusoro pasi patsime ...

Zvaibva Equatorial latitudes, madutu vanotorayirwa kumavirazuva, uye ipapo (kuchamhembe hemisphere) anotendeukira kuchamhembe-kumadokero, kuchamhembe kana kumusoro-mabvazuva. Kunyange zvazvo mumwe wavo anotevera chaizvo nzira kufamba chimwe, vakawanda vavo kutamira pamwe munyonga chine chimiro parábola. madutu rikurumidze unowedzerawo woKumusoro negwara. Kana pedyo neequator uye kumadokero mirayiridzo vanozoona kumhanya 17-20 km / h, shure akashandura kuchamhembe dzichimhanya vanogona kusvika 100 km / hr. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva apo, pakarepo nhema Zvaifungidzirwa zvose uye nokufungidzira, madutu chinhu zvachose kumisa kupenga nenhokwe mberi.

Ziso pedutu

Ziso mbiya pamwe convex madziro mugore iro pane hwakanaka kusimba mhepo kana pasina mhepo. Denga pachena kana zvishoma yakafukidzwa namakore. Pressure ndiyo 0,9 nguva inowanzotorwa ukoshi. dutu ziso anogona kukura kubva 5 kusvika 200 makiromita mu dhayamita, zvichienderana padariro kwayo kukura. Mukomana kukura dutu ziso riri 35-55 km ichiri kunokudziridzwa ipfupi kusvika 18 km s0. Danho attenuation dutu ziso kunowedzera zvakare. The zvakajeka zviri kunotsanangurwa, zvikuru simba dutu. Mumamiriro dutu zvakadaro mhepo vakasimba nechepakati. Dzokugumisa Rwako ose ziso, mhepo yechamupupuri dzimwe aimhanya anosvika 425 km / h, zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera sezvo chinhambo kubva pakati.