Chidobi Bass-Darky. Nzira diagnosing sehasha tsananguro chinangwa kududzira zvabuda

Bass-Darky unyanzvi kwave wakatangwa muna 60s remakore rapfuura, asi achiri anowana vatsigiri zhinji uye ari kushingaira kushandiswa. Pairi tichazvidudzira nhasi. Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti unyanzvi ichi (remibvunzo Bass-Darky) - mumwe zvikuru nevanhu mazuva ano, kushandiswa mune dzimwe zvepfungwa chidzidzo yaiparadza. Tisati nezvazvo, unofanira kutsanangura pfungwa yaiparadza. Ndezvipi zvigadziriswe waro mavambo, zvarinoreva munhu? Pamwe chete, ngatiregei kutarisana nazvo.

Chii hasha

Masayendisiti anodavira kuti kushandiswa yaiparadza - chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira nzira kugadzirisa zvinetso zvinomuka mune munhu anokona (akaoma) mamiriro ezvinhu. mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaoma kukonzera vanhu mupfungwa kushushikana, izvo zvakafanira kutsungirira.

Aggressive chiito kunogona kuva nzira yokuunza zvimwe zvinangwa zvinokosha. Vanogonawo kuva nzira kundosangana yokutsiva munhu makavhara zvinodiwa nepfungwa buditsa. Uyewo, hasha zviito anechekuita kuti kuzvidzora zvinotaura uye kuzvidzora-Kuziva.

Tsanangudzo yaiparadza

Kwenguva refu, mupfungwa nzira utsinye uye utsinye rinorondedzerwa so dzidziso iro sechinhu mugumisiro kushushikana (Rosenzweig, Dollard), uye pfungwa kukwezvana. A nhamba mabhuku panyaya akazviratidza mukunopera 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore. mabasa aya akaita inflow pamusoro yokungotaura uye experimental basa panhau, izvo zvinosanganisira remibvunzo Bass-Darky.

Nzira iyi haisi chete avo kuti anoshandiswa nhasi. Nhasi kune dzidziso yaiparadza. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - K. Lorenz uye Freud. Imwe neimwe dzidziso ine yayo maonero utsinye, uyewo mafungiro avo kwachiri. Nokuda ichi vanogona kuwana zvakafanana zvinhu uye akakamurwa 4 mhando huru. Tiudzei zvishoma pamusoro mumwe nomumwe wavo.

Kenya - vachiberekwa dhipoziti

Utsinye anogona kunzi sechinhu kana vachiberekwa shoko. Ndiko kuti tinoberekwa tiine kubva pakuberekwa mufananidzo maitiro, kuita mumwe dumbu pamwero. Vateveri nedzidziso chokuita muchikwata ichi, utsinye runoonekwa sechinhu kodzero, majini chiite. Yatova chipo mariri akaratidza hwose. Hasha, zvichienderana vateveri dzidziso idzi, hazvibviri kuti vabvise. At yakanakisisa, tinogona chete kuderedza matambudziko aro.

Kenya zvinogona kudzorwa

Other dzidziso kuzviona somunhu nokuratidzwa zvishande uye mupfungwa kwendangariro. mhedziso iyi inobva pakudavira kuti mumwe nomumwe wedu anogona kudzora utsinye pamusana ruzivo vawana unyanzvi upenyu. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kukwanisa kupa ngozi, uyewo kodzero vaongorore izvi kana zvimwe zvinouraya zvikonzero.

Hasha - vanofanira

Hasha kunogona kunzwisiswa se kudiwa vanowanika nezvinenge zvaitika uye mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira. Sokuona ichi, zvinonzi anoonekwa somusengwa, riri akaziva zvakananga pasi pokudzora siyana zviwane. "Kusafara Pfungwa yaiparadza" ndiyo hwaro maonero ichi. Rakanga wakatangwa nomukuru American ANODZIDZA uye wepfungwa John Dollard. Maererano nepfungwa iyi, kushushikana zvinotungamirira utsinye, zvirokwazvo chimiro chimwe kana mumwe, uye yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, ndiyo nguva dzose nemhaka kukangaidzika.

Kenya - mashoko evanhu ruzivo

Chimwe nzira utsinye - kuiona sokuratidzwa chaiko munzanga ruzivo. Kureva, ndiwo muenzaniso mumagariro maitiro yakatorwa mukufamba pakukura. Aggressive kuitike muvanhu pashure aizviwana akadaro kana tinyerere vakamutarisa kubva kurutivi. Ichi Pamusana kuunganidza uye kushandiswa dzairamba yacho ruzivo.

Kukuvadza yaiparadza

Zvaakanga vakaongorora zvikuru maonero akakurumbira pamusoro pfungwa "utsinye", tinogona kutaura kuti zvinokosha kunzwisisa kuti achisiririsa chakaita maitiro kuti zvinopesana nemitemo uye dzemunharaunda okuvapo kwevanhu munzanga. maitiro Izvi zvinokonzera zvakaipa chinhu kurwiswa zvisina upenyu kana zvipenyu. Chinokonzera navo vasakuvadzwa kana zvingavaita kufunganya, hunyambiri, kuora mwoyo, kusafarira, kureva mupfungwa kusagadzikana.

Pfungwa yaiparadza yayo Kukoshesa

Sehasha - rinokosha quality, pfuma munhu, iro kunoratidzwa mafungiro anoparadza, kunyanya munzvimbo nyaya-chinhu ukama. chinoumba Payload zvichida unoda munhu rokusika basa. Mushure nomumwe zvinodiwa kukwanisa kuumba kutsemuka uye kubvisa zvipingamupinyi kukurira zvose counteracting izvi.

Vanotsvakurudza vakagumisa kuti utsinye ane quantitative uye Qualitative maitiro. Kufanana mimwe pfuma, kukuvadza kwayo dzinosiyana kusavapo kuguma padanho pakukura kutopedza. Kunorondedzerwa dhigirii yayo inofanira kuva ose munhu. Kushaya conformality kunotungamirira sehasha, machira, passivity uye t. D. Mukupesana, kunyanya kukura rinogona kuzivikanwa somunhu vakawanda kurwisana, izvo haakwanisi vanoziva pamwe.

Sehasha hakusi kwoga kuti munhu nemaune pasi nenjodzi. Zvechokwadi, kune rumwe rutivi, ukama huripo pakati utsinye uye utsinye, haagoni kunzi aoma. Vanogona kukonzera nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Ukuwo, chiito yaiparadza pachayo haigoni kutora vachiva uye nemaune ngozi siyana.

Sehasha - akaipa basa

Sehasha ari hwezuva nezuva kuziva - zvakafanana nerokuti akadai sokuti "basa kwakaipa". Zvisinei, maitiro inoparadza pachayo haadi nhaka "kwakaipa". Inoita kwakadaro vavariro basa, kureva, tsika kuitira kuzadzisa, uye basa iri kunoitika. Action sevasina zvakafanana, asi saizvozvo motivational zvinoriumba vari zvakananga pakatarisana.

Two Mhando yaiparadza

Utsinye anogona kuparadzaniswa kubva apa, kupinda 2 marudzi huru. First - motivational kurwisa sezvo aunozviita. Rudzi rwechipiri yaiparadza - chombo, senzira. Zvinonzi kunzwisisa kuti vose vanogona kutora nzvimbo kutongwa kwedu kuziva, uye pasina izvozvo. Uyezve, marudzi ose aya chokuita mupfungwa zviitiko zvakadai hasha uye kuvengana.

Vanachiremba uye vanoita kuziva zvakawanda chaizvo motivational kurwisa, vaiona somunhu nekuratidzwa Implementation wesimba rinoparadza mafungiro pakuona wacho. Kana kuona padanho nezveizvi, zvinovawo zvinogoneka zvakarurama chaizvo kufanotaura mukana munhu wakashama motivational kurwisa. Mumwe chirwere nzira yakadaro chaiwo remibvunzo Bass-Darky. Nzira inotifadza, yakazokudziridzwa muna 1957 ne Vatsvakurudzi American, iyo inonzi pashure mazita okupedzisira.

Pokushandisa nzira Bass-Darky

Muzvidzidzo vatorwa, Ongororo iyi yakanga hwakapararira. Vakaita yakasimbisa mukuru rakavimbika uye ukoshi. Uye mumhuri basa zvinoshanda remibvunzo Bass-Darky. Nzira iyi yaishandiswa, kunyanya, SN Yenikolopov muna 1989. Zvisinei, pazuva mudzimba mimwe yayo Standardization Data haana kunyorwa.

Masayendisiti cherechedza kuti nzira Bass-Darky kuti diagnosing sehasha ari kuongorora zvinhu haina kudzivirirwa zvimwe motivational kusarurama. Mhinduro kungaenderana Somuenzaniso, kugadzwa murume pachake, kubva mumagariro desirability. Mukuwedzera, rakarurama zvabuda kunoenderana uyewo pamusoro mwero chivimbo ukama uye mupfungwa bvunzo, apo uchishandisa Dark-Bass Nzira nechirwere kuti utsinye. Naizvozvo, migumisiro vanofanira kuongororwa ne nzira dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro retest rakavimbika. Kushandiswa remibvunzo ichi muzvikoro pamwe nevadzidzi (kubva mugwaro 6 uye pamusoro) uye vadzidzisi chaiva diagnosticity uye dzinovaka mamwe remedial basa. Pari, maverengerwe Bass-Darky kushandiswa nevakawanda. Chinangwa chikumbiro chacho zvatakurukura, zviri ikozvino zvakakodzera kuona zvinhu zvokudya.

Mutsauko pakati pfungwa vavengwe uye hasha

A. Bass, rebounding kubva kutanga kwayo vamutangira, akaita kusiyaniswa pfungwa ruvengo uye utsinye. Kutanga sokuva maitiro iyo anovandudza akaipa tinyatsonzwisisa zviitiko uye vanhu, seasingabatsiri. Nzira dzokudzidza yaiparadza Bass-Darky anoratidza mutsauko pakati kuratidzwa siyana ruvengo uye utsinye. Types wanda kuti masayendisiti voga panguva imwecheteyo, sezvinotevera.

marudzi mhinduro

1. hasha rwenyama, kureva, kushandisa mumwe munhu pamusoro panyama simba.

2. zvisina kunanga kunangidzirwa dhituwa mumwe munhu kana asina kutaurirwa munhu.

3. nokushatiriswa kureva kuda kuvhundutswa kuchangotanga seasingabatsiri. Rinogonawo kurondedzerwa se ruremekedzo, pfupi hasha.

4. negativism achimiririra munzira oppositional maitiro. Kungazviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana, nokungogara kudzivisa kurwisa mitemo uye tsika.

5. Mafi, kureva, negodo kana ruvengo kune vamwe mamwe maitiro, zvekufungidzira kana chaiyo.

6. Akanyumwirwa, izvo zvinogona siyana vari kuwanda yokutarisira uye kusavimba vanhu kudavira kuti vari kuiswa kana urongwa kukuvadza.

7. Imwe mhando kuita - kungonyaradza kurwisa. Kunoratidza mwoyo vaviri kuburikidza kutukana mhinduro (kutyisidzira, kutukwa), uye kuburikidza muchimiro (squeal, chemai).

8. mhosva anomirira kutenda kwevanhu zvinogoneka kuti chinhu murombo kuti kururama agamuchira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuzvidemba akanzwa navo.

Ndakapedza rondedzero nzira Bass-Dark, cherechedza kuti remibvunzo unotora 75 zvaaitaura. Vanofanira kuva pasi kupindura zvakajeka kana "hongu" kana "kwete." Pahwaro iyi dzinoongororwa mwero sehasha kwevanhu. zvino tava kutendeukira kune nzira kududzirwa zvabuda.

kududzira zvabuda

Processing nzira Bass-Darky hapana kukura. Mibvunzo vari akagadzira kuitira kuti vari mumwe chete chimiro yaiparadza. Mukuwedzera, migumisiro ine nzira Bass-Darky nyore kududzira chimwe chikonzero kuti matambudziko paruzhinji mvumo kunonyanyisa rudaviro simba.

Norm sehasha maererano Rogovu E. I., - kukosha indekisi kwayo, izvo zvakaenzana 21 ± 4. Sezvo kuvengana, unofanira kuva kuwanda 6,5-7 ± 3. Driving Hvana A. A. zvishoma yakaoma, asi hazvisi kuoma chaizvo nzira kudzidza utsinye hwakadai nzira Bass-Darky. Dudziro anotevera zvabuda Hvanu A. A.. Raw hwakawanda, scored pamusoro mumwe scale, kuti ngazviwande nokuda coefficient. Vavariro yake - kuunza hwakawanda zana kunonyanyisa tsika nerimwe chikero, iyo inopa nzira Bass-Darky kuti diagnosing sehasha.

Zvisinei, kududzira, haisi pachena zvachose. Tichishandisa nzira iyi, unofanira kunzwisisa kuti utsinye, ndicho pfuma munhu, uyewo utsinye, akanzwisisa sezvo chiito maitiro inogona vakaongorora chete mupfungwa kuongorora zvose kudiwa-motivational bhora ari munhu. Zvikasadaro, migumisiro kungava kururama. Naizvozvo, nzira iyi (Bass-remibvunzo Dark) rinoshandiswa pamwe nevamwe, zvakadai projective unyanzvi (semuenzaniso, Lusher) uye unhu anoedza akasiyana mupfungwa ezvinhu (Spielberg, Cattell).