Chibvumirano mutemo sezvo hwaro European kodzero

Mumakore 10-20 makore mabhuku pamutemo zvinowanzooneka akawana izwi akadai mutemo European. Kokutanga mutsara uyu akaonekwa ari 50s remakore rapfuura, asi, pasinei nokuti kubvira ipapo, rave nemakore wandei, pakati masayendisiti hapana kunzwisisa zvinowanzovapo pfungwa. Naizvozvo, akaswedera pedyo kuti kunzwisisa kunzwisisa ichi yakatarwa yokupira mananara vari nyanzvi mumatare dzakasiyana akasiyana chaizvo pachavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, vashoma vanoramba kuti mumwe nheyo inokosha ichi chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda chakajairika chinhu contractual kodzero.

Chokwadi, National pamutemo hurongwa munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope havasi zvakafanana munzira dzakawanda, kunyanya nokuti kuti, kare, vakanga yakaumbwa panguva nheyo dzakasiyana - Roman,-Saxon, ekuGermany ... Zvisinei, chidzoke of European Union uye kuwedzera pedyo kusangana yacho mudunhu zvematongerwo enyika uye zvetsika nemagariro, uye zvoupfumi, uye nokusimbaradza supranational masangano zvakawanda zvinoisa kuti miganhu pakati marudzi akasiyana kudzoreka vari vakadzima mutemo uye nezvimiro aya zvakanyatsobatana, riobretaya zvinodyidzana. Kuvapo kwakadaro nevakawanda nzvimbo iri pamutemo bhora kunonyanya inoita chibvumirano mutemo.

Chokutanga, izvi izwi rinoshandiswa kureva kuperera rose zvibvumirwano pakati kunyika dzakasiyana pamusoro Europe, kusanganisira multilateral. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti izvi indasitiri ukama pakati penyika hunodzorwa dzomunyika misimboti, mune ichi kana emunharaunda kodzero. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kuchinja ino munzvimbo choruzhinji mu Europe. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuchinja mumwe yakawanda kusiyana, iro rine contractual zvakarurama nerimwe National pamutemo hurongwa. Kuti aite izvi, anogadza basa raikosha, dzinotungamirirwa yakakurumbira gweta kuDenmark Ole Lund.

The Commission kutanga akatora chii akatanga kudzidza kuenzanisa chinyakare nomumwe nyika dzinokosha mitemo kuti kuongorora kana ivo zvakakodzera asunga mukati zvinonakisa repamutemo zano iri European Union. Nokuti chinangwa ichi isu vakanga vakaongorora, uye dzekuvamba dzenyika dzimwe dzakabudirira hurongwa Implementation zvibvumirano. pakutanga basa iri zvainyatsokonzerwa zvedzidzo hunhu, zvesayenzi, asi nokukurumidza akava pachena kuti zvibereko zvinogona zvakanaka kushandiswa uchidzidzira. Naizvozvo, muna 1999, mugumisiro basa Commission vakanga vakafunga chikamu EU mutemo. Saka akasimuka nezvinodzidziswa European Contract Law.

In pfupi vanogona muchidimbu sezvinotevera. Chokutanga, vimbiso zvinofanira kuzadziswa weboka chibvumirano uye kuguma yakawiriranwa sungiro kuchengetwa (pacta sunt servanda). Uyezve, chibvumirano mutemo, iri musimboti, zvinoda mumwe bato kuratidza kuti ine yakajeka uye zvakaoma chinangwa kugumisa kwaiva chibvumirano, uye kuti mumwe bato anogona, maererano "chikonzero musoro" kutarisira vamwe yakajeka nezviito (chaiye ). Uye pakupedzisira, kana chikonzero kumusoro, chibvumirano uchava rinoshanda zvisinei wawo, asiwo sei akagumisa kunyora kana zvokuvataurira nomuromo, uye kubva nguva kana uchakumikidzwa kune addressee.

Dzimwe nguva anokonzerwa izvi nhungamiro pamutemo mitemo chinonziwo Commercial Code of EU, nekuti vari kunyanya ivo anoshandiswa indasitiri waidzora zveupfumi uye zvokutengeserana mabasa. Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti munzira iyi yakakura supranational conglomerate, rinova European Union, ari unoponesa chinyakare pfungwa Lex mercatoria. It, uyewo mamwe manyuko chibvumirano mutemo, kunobatsira kukurira zvipingamupinyi mukuvhiringidza kukura upfumi uye wakanaka zvokutengeserana kuvandudza, sezvo pfungwa ne Montesquieu kamwe zvakare, "tsika dzavanhu."