Chauvet Cave, France: yokukosha dombo mundiro dzakavezwa

Rock mifananidzo mumapako, yakaitwa prehistoric nguva, vanowirwa pakutsvakurudza masayendisiti munyika yose. kupenda iri kuonekwa muvambi ounyanzvi uye zvisikwa zvinoshamisa Dzakafanana chifananidzo maviri-dimensional. Nhasi isu kutaura pamusoro unoyevedza ounyanzvi kusiiwa chinyakare murume mubako kumaodzanyemba kweFrance, mumupata wacho valley River.

Closed kuzoshanyira Chauvet Cave

Historical Monument munyika, dziri sechipiriso UNESCO World Heritage Site, rakavharwa kuti voruzhinji kuwana, kubva shanduko chero mu mwando zvichaita kukanganisa mamiriro enyika vanodhirowa yekare. Just munhu vanochera matongo shoma, vakaraira kuchengeta zvokukwegura vakabvumira mashoma maawa paSheori, inofananidza iyo taurira upenyu uye upenyu yekare vanhu.

A yakasiyana kuwana kumaodzanyemba kweFrance

Unique Chauvet Cave (grotte Chauvet), zvikuru 800 metres kureba, yakazarurwa muna 1994 ne speleologists matatu, vakaona hafu akavigwa pasuo unexamined dzinongoitika rounyanzvi. Masayendisiti, pashure kushandisa masitepisi mu bako maberere, iro rave conserved zvimedu mabwe makore mazhinji apfuura, vakanga akashamiswa kwazvo akatanga nokuda rakasiyana yemitambo; vakawana dombo mifananidzo, zvakanaka rakachengetedzwa uye nounyanzvi vaurayiwa. Vaongorori vakati kuti ichi chisikwa zvakasikwa zita mukuru wayo ukuru uye uwandu mifananidzo pevhu zvivako zvose kare anozivikanwa mhando iyi.

Features vanodhirowa uye nzira chikumbiro chavo

Chauvet Cave (France), anonzi pashure mumwe masayendisiti akawana kuti vanhu akagurwa kubva kunze nyika Mabwe wakabva panguva Ice Age, zvichiguma padombo mifananidzo zvakakwana vakachengetedzwa. The pevhu nyika rinoumbwa matatu wakapamhama dzimba chokuita ne refu corridors. The maviri mumapako mifananidzo yakaitwa red ocher, uye mumakore akaona achiita zvokutemera uye dema zvidimbu.

Pamadziro zvemapuranga nezvifananidzo anopfuura 400, masayendisiti dzakashamiswa ndechokuti ari chinyakare vomumapako harina chete nemhuka ivo aivhima, asiwo muedzo zvikara seshumba uye mapere. Sezvo masayendisiti, pane akawandisa zvipembere mufananidzo kuti vorongerwa simba uye simba nemapoka.

Yakatotsakatika mhuka, rairema anenge matatu matani mumusoro kuti yakashongedzwa yakakwirira nyanga pakureba pamusoro mumwe meter, aiva herbivore, asi kutsamwa kwazvo, uye ichi runoratidzwa pachimiro hondo zvipembere zviri Chauvet mubako. Shure Zvidzidzo Nhamba iyi kuzivikanwa sezvo mukuru munyika.

"Mukuru vemifananidzo»

Pane rumwe rutivi vachera pfungwa vanachiremba: usati kushandisa pendi, vanhu vari kwazvo vakachenesa uye dzakagadzira rusvingo, uye mifananidzo vari akaita izvozvo nounyanzvi kuti cavers kushamiswa unyanzvi hwake. Zvakakodzera nengaidzo chiedza uye mumvuri, uyewo nokushandisa kukura riri zvikuru masayendisiti, kuti asimbise zera padombo mifananidzo - anenge zviuru 35-37 makore, kunyange musi chaiwo achiri nhau dzinotyisa gakava.

Nyanzvi avo vakadzidza dombo unyanzvi, vakati kuti chinyakare murume, kupendwa izvozvo, rinogona kunzi Artist kukuru. mifananidzo yekare zvinowanikwa France, ndivo vakaita unyanzvi, zviri kuoneka sezvazviri uye zvakasiyana-siyana pamakona.

Rock mifananidzo, akaita yakawanda mhirizhonga munyika nesayenzi

Cave Mifananidzo iri Chauvet bako - a mienzaniso mangwanani mifananidzo iri Paleolithic nguva yakanaka, asi kuonekwa kuti nyore uye sketchy Zvisinei, maererano kupatsanura anozivikanwa musayendisiti A. Leroi-Gourhan, kuti mifananidzo mubako aifanira kuva pachena makwapa uye mitsetse. akiyorojisiti French uye Mazvikokota, uyo akati iwe yakatanga kubva chinyakare kuti zvakaoma, haana kutarisira kwakadaro kunonoka kubuda padombo unyanzvi.

Nice kuongorora mumapako Chauvet, nhamba yakanga hwaJobho hwachinja ose dzidziso pamusoro kukura ounyanzvi, waitwa masayendisiti kufunga illegitimacy upi tega framework uye classifications.

Chinyakare kana mukuru kwevari vemifananidzo vekare?

Vatsvakurudzi French vakafunga kuti vanhu vokutanga vaiva nemaonero uye chiaroscuro, uye kujairika kamera pamakona akavhiringidzwa nyanzvi dzakawanda. Kazhinji, nenhamba tarisa kunofambira mberi uye dombo anoona zvakakwana anopamba rinomutsa uye hunhu hwemhuka, chiri kujairika nokuda Paleolithic nguva, uye tichaona kushandura pfungwa yacho chinyakare vanhu.

Somuenzaniso, mufananidzo bhiza vachimhanya vari Chauvet mubako, uye usamira, shumba abate bison, uye inobereka anotyisa, kuti mutarire, wokubata munhu. Uye chinyakare Artists vari Nyatsobatanidzwai kwaisanganisira vanodhirowa vari vanhuwo inosvika mugomba. Zvakaratidza kuti pakutanga-tanga vanhu vakanga unyanzvi pane mukuru pamwero.

Unique bako vanodhirowa

Izvi zvinoshamisa, nokuti chinyakare varume Kwapera nguva haana kusiya chinhu kungoda vamwe kupfuura rima makwapa kubva zhenje. Rock mifananidzo vari kuziva ndechokuti vanogona kuona mifananidzo yemhuka isingazivikanwi, izvo kare yakanyarara. Vanovata incredible kufarira pakati zoologists. Somuenzaniso, mashoko yakatotsakatika woolly chipembere vari vavakidzani nevavakidzani, zvachose mushwi. Uye shumba anofananidzirwa pamadziro, hapana yaizivikanwa rinopepereka.

Pictures nevanhu mubako hapana, kunyange pane chinoshamisa zvitarisiko, nowenyika kwete munhu uye tarenda chisikwa chine musoro bison.

Asi, zvichida, mufananidzo-dimensional matatu yakaumbwa muna rusesi padombo, anogona kunzi rinonyatsooneka. Ndivo zvikuru unyanzvi uye akaita kushandisa mitoo kuti murege kushanda kumwe. Masayendisiti anoti anonzi Paleolithic kuchangamuka rinomirira gandiwa mufananidzo rakachengetedzwa zvakafanana laminated kune mumwe, uye kana chiedza chiitiko pamusoro mufananidzo mwenje, ndiyo "vapenyu".

tsvakurudzo masayendisiti

Nyanzvi, wekuongorora zera mapatani, akaita reconstructed nhoroondo uye vakawana kuti Chauvet Cave rava chinhu chiitwa yekare yevanhu vanenge zviuru 37 apfuura, uye vasati yaigarwa mabheya, izvo mukuru kune kurema mashava ano. Zvichida ichi ndicho chikonzero nei vakawanda mapfupa kuwanikwa ndezvaJehovha muedzo chinorura, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vaongorori vanoti akanga ainamata vagari vanoti dzeboka mhuka.

Sezvineiwo, mashoko Chauvet bako, Photo dombo iwe izvo haazoregi munhu hanya, harina nguva dzose navanhu. Zvuru zviviri apfuura yakanga isina, uye masayendisiti akabatanidza chokwadi ichi pamwe Geological rokuchinja nyika, kunyanya, pamwe Madhaka wamatombo.

Makore makumi maviri kudzidza pachivande dzimba, masayendisiti, uye zvidzidzo anopfuura 350 kunge ichiitwa kuti asimbise kudanana emifananidzo kubudikidza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira radiocarbon kufambidzana. Zvisinei, maererano nenyanzvi, kunyange ongororo iyi haisi rakakwana kumisa makore mufananidzo wechokwadi.

mugomba zvakavanzika

Chauvet Cave, vaiona chinokosha prehistoric Zvivako munyika ounyanzvi akabata zvakavanzika zvizhinji, nokuti, sezvo zvikazooneka, haina vanhu vararame, asi chete kusika mifananidzo. A bere dehenya iri ibwe guru kunoratidza kuti mubako waishandiswa senzvimbo yokunamatira mhuka uye mashiripiti tsika. Masayendisiti vane mhirikiro akasiyana zvakabudiswa, asi zvachose mhinduro asi havagoni kupa.

A kopi mubako

Muna 2015, chiitiko chinokosha mutsika munyika: muFrance, paiva kopi yakakurumbira mubako, nomukova iri rakavharwa, uye nokuda gore rimwe rakasiyana Zvivako akashanyirwa vanenge zviuru 350 vanhu. Mashanu mamiriyoni euros yakapera musi rakagadzirwa nevanhu cavern, zvakarurama rinozvibereka ari yakakura dzimba, vanodhirowa dzekare uye kunyange stalactites.

Yakazova paucheche youpfu hwemashiripiti muEurope mubako, izvo makopi muvambi mufananidzo pasi zvidukuduku, vakamirira wose kuti kubata chakavanzika zvekare eras.