Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence: wongororo uye mapikicha

Basilica Santa Croce (Florence) - mumwe makereke huru muguta uye kupfuura Franciscan chechi munyika, yakavakwa mukupera remakore rechi13 sezvinoita Florentine Gothic, inozivikanwa sezvo Pantheon pakati Florence nemhaka yokuwanda mumakuva umo vakavigwa vakawanda vakakurumbira vokuItaly.

History of chivakwa

Maererano nengano, muvambi Santa Croce ndiye Frantsisk Assizsky (akafa muna 1226), aiva musande aive Italy, uyo akapa pfuma, kupa vanhu pfungwa rwekutendeuka uye runyararo. Kunyange zvazvo kuvakwa racho kwatanga muna 1295 iri nzvimbo ine kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi duku yakavakwa ne Franciscans, pedyo Arno River. Zita Santa Croce (Florence) - Church of the Holy Cross Romutauro wokuItaly. hazvina zvakataurwa chirongwa A. von sanaristikko, imwe munharaunda muvezi uye mapurani. The kuvakwa yaiva mari vapfumi Florentine mhuri, uyo aiona rukudzo mari kuvakwa tsvene yokugara, uye akaramba kweanenge makore 150. Vatsvene chechi yaiva 1443 naPapa Eugene 4th.

The pakuonekwa chechi zvakachinja kakawanda emakore. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya pamusoro France Santa Croce (Florence): Photo of kwezana remakore rechi19. zvinoratidza zvachose unadorned. The kuitika pakuonekwa France 3 nezvikumbaridzo, yakashongedzwa chena machena, akaitwa chete 1853-1863 gg. mapurani N. Matas mu chiNazi Gothic werudzii pamusoro mari Chirungu VaPurotesitendi, kunyanya British philanthropist vizing. Sloane. Ndokusaka kushongedzwa akaonekwa rwebhuruu-akanongedza nhanhatu Star raDhavhidhi, iro harisi chiratidzo chechiKristu.

Florence Basilica Santa Croce (mufananidzo uye tsananguro)

The chikuru Chikamu chivako kuvakwa muchimiro muchinjikwa T-zvakaumbwa. Mumakore zana apfuura zvishoma nezvishoma kumativi ose akatizve outbuildings (chapero). Rezasi tiers echivako chechechi iri yakashongedzwa arcades akanaka, rokumusoro - French mahwindo. Kurutivi chivako rworuboshwe inopfuura pabiravira dzedenga uye chiedza namaberere.

Kuparadzwa kwakaitika muzana remakore rechi16., Muna 1512 neshongwe yakare yakatsemuka mheni, izvozvo apore chete 1847 chirongwa J. Bakkani, uye zvino ndiyo Kuwedzera kukuru huru pakuvaka.

Basil Santa Croce, Florence kunosanganisirawo 3 chechechi, mumwe rakaitirwa A.di change. Mumwe, riri kumaodzanyemba, akasika Brunelleschi uye anonzi mumwe yemamongi Florence akanaka kwazvo. A duku 3rd chechechi (13.) Anovhara boka kujairika hurongwa Franciscan.

Front kereke Santa Croce mu kwemugwagwa pechifananidzo Dante, vakasikwa nomuvezi E. Patsii muna 1865. Kare, akanga ari pakati, asi zvino akanga atamira nokuda zviitiko pedyo chivakwa.

Richienda Santa Croce

Menzvimbo ine hombe akakura nzvimbo kureba 115 m, akaita kushandisa nemamwe mazano. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka mudziyo petemberi aparadzana mbiri lateral kutwasuka mbiru 8 kabhoni chikamu, iyo chinotungamirwa zvichikwira kubva rwakavakwa chematenga.

Pakazosvika nguva chisarudzo mukati menyika Basilica aiva akashinga uye unconventional, vachibvumira achipfigire mamwe zvivako guta rechitendero. Chiedza ichipfuura mukati waMosesi hwindo akaita A.Gaddi.

Muzana remakore rechi16. chechi kuzodzosera aronga, nokuti chii (pakupera nyanzvi) chakarasikirwa zvishoma kworunako kwayo. Pindana akaita danda mhando, uye dziri pauriri tombstones, achitora rinenge nzvimbo yose petemberi.

Atari chechi uye Pamifananidzo

Pamifananidzo kuti vashongedze masvingo pedyo neatari mukuru, chakaitwa A. Gadhi (1387) inobva ngano repamuchinjikwa True. Kurutivi rworudyi: Michael bazi Ngirozi Huru muti wokuziva kutamiswa, Mambokadzi weShebha uye kunamata kwake semuti pamuchinjikwa, uye vamwe kuruboshwe - St. Helena anounza Holy Cross muJerusarema, ipapo mambo Unobvisa Percy wake Byzantine mambo Heraclius anodzoka Cross muJerusarema, uye zvichingodaro ... d. Fresco uyewo vanoumba mumwe muzvizhinji mhuri uye upenyu hwaAbhigairi mifananidzo. Beautiful yekare Stained magirazi mahwindo vakasikwa remakore rechi14.

Nearitari polyptych, rakanyorwa N. Gerini, hunorondedzera Madonna uye Child, kusvika aenzana zvakaitwa nevamwe vemifananidzo, kumusoro - "Crucifixion", dzakapendwa ne vanatenzi Giotto chikoro.

Korona neatari ndechimwe yakasiyana mifananidzo yechechi - "The Crucifixion", hwakasikwa maererano tenzi Cimabue. Izvi kupenda guru (4,5h3,9 m), akaisa pamuchinjikwa womuti, runoonekwa unoyevedza zvikuru shanduro kuroverwa. Zvisinei, mune mafashamo muna 1966. Basa rakanga zvakaipisisa zvokuti zvakakuvadza kuti kunyange kuedza panguva kudzorerwa havana kukwanisa chidzosai zvachose.

Chapel chechi

Inside kereke Santa Croce (Florence) iri transepts chapel 16 (maawa), chimwe nechimwe chiri chete chiwedzerwa. Chapel yakashongedzwa nemamwe Pamifananidzo uye zvivezwa emakore akasiyana, dzakanga akaita yakakurumbira vemifananidzo Itaria: Matteo Rosell, J kuna San Giovanni, Van Bartolomeo, J. Lee Bondone nevadzidzi vake ...

The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo:

• Chapel Maggiore tuore "Legend St. Cross" A.Gaddi akaita (1380).
• CASTELLANI chapero pamwe Pamifananidzo naA Gadhi pamwe mifananidzo kubva upenyu Saints (1385).
• Baronchelii Chapel nemhuri guva uye murombo, dzakapendwa ne T. Gadhi "Madonna", pane dzimwe pamadziro - motifs paupenyu wemhandara Mariya.
• Rinuccini Chapel ndiye muuki John. Di Milano, unoratidza upenyu Mariya Magadharini uye neMhandara Maria (1379).
• Peruzzi chapero rine mufananidzo upenyu Baptist J. uye I. Evangelist, dzakapendwa ne Giotto.
• Capella Bardi - rinovheneka upenyu Fr. Assisi (Artist Giotto).
• Other Chapel (Medici Tosin, Pulci and unto.) Uyewo rinochengeta inokosha unyanzvi.

Mukati Basilica riri yemamongi pachivanze, uko ane kuwana chapel. Saka, Cappella achi Pazzi, inonzi "dombo rinokosha rechokwadi pamusoro Early Renaissance," yakashongedzwa nemabasa yakaisvonaka Brunelleschi (1443), yakashongedzwa akakurumbira Italian vanatenzi D. mambo Settignano, L. nyaya Robbia, J .. Da Maia. Pamberi chapero ndiyo pronaos rine vokuKorinde pembiru. Muna 1461, iye akazadza diki rising.

Pantheon Santa Croce

Mukereke Santa Croce (Florence) nhema yakakurumbira vanhu muItaly uye vanokudzwa Vagari Florence. Part pamakuva - wechokwadi, umo vakaviga vakafa vakakurumbira, apo vamwe akadana cenotaphs, - gravestones dzinenge dzisina munhu mapfupa.

Santa Croce anonzi kuva nzvimbo yaigara Renaissance, sezvo Monument rine rinda L. Bruni, rokuItari mutemo, akasikwa 1444 natenzi
B. Rossellino. Monument ichi rava muenzaniso yemberi mabasa Renaissance, kusanganisira dombo repaguva K. Marsuppini pedyo rwokumusoro parusvingo chechi.

Makuva dzakakurumbira dziri pamwe rworudyi petemberi rusvingo rwezasi:

• Monument Michelangelo-bust kuumbwa tenzi Vazari (1579), uye muzvizhinji basa zvidimbu uye mifananidzo J. Battista uye B. Ciol. Kunyange Michelangelo akafa muRoma, asi ikazopiwa kundoviga pachake yekwake. Paaiita yayo murayiro, uye pamwe mvumo meya Florence, AL Buanarotti akaba muviri Michelangelo muRoma uye rakavanda naye pano.

• Cenotaph Dante Aligeri uye chifananidzo magamba ake nemabasa chinoitirwa nomuvezi Ricci (1829).
• Monument Machiavelli kushanda Spinatsii (1787).
• Neguva Galileo Galilei, uyo Zvisinei akafa muna 1642,, nokuda kurambidzwa chechi haina akavigwa maererano netsika dzechiKristu kusvikira 1737 ipapo muviri wake wakanga zvifambiswe uye akaisa muchechi, mumwe chivezwa uye bust Galileo akaita Dzh.Battista Foggini.

• Headstone Munyori George. Rossini, akarumbidza Italy kuti dhanzi "The Barber pamusoro Thiruvananthapuram." 9 Makore afa muna 1868 kuParis, muviri wake wakanga zvifambiswe kuna Père Lachaise kumakuva uye akavigwa Florence pano.
• Tombstone wenhau uye Wenyika N. Machiavelli.
• Guva Joseph Napoleon uye mwanasikana wake uye vamwe.

In yose, chechi akavigwa anenge 300 vakakurumbira vokuItaly, mumwe tombstone ari yakashongedzwa zvivezwa uye Bhanabhasi-reliefs.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Mumwe zvinokwezva kereke - akaita Florentine Vap Fedi muna 1883. chidhori Poetry, vakazvitsaurira kuna kuyeuka nyanduri uye munyori wemitambo J. Battista Nikollini .. Zvinonzi akagadza pamusoro muguva rake Basilica St. Cross.

Nhamba Izvi chaizvo rakafanana Statue of Liberty, basa guru muvezi French Fr. Bartholdi (1887). Sei kuziva Bartholdi muna 1870 akagara Florence uye zvainyatsozivikanwa akafuridzirwa basa Italian muvezi.

mubereko Great pakati vashanyi ndiyo cenotaph Nyanduri akakurumbira Dante (1265-1321), riri mukereke Santa Croce (Florence). Nyaya rinda nyanduri, akakurumbira nokuda kwake "Comedy raMwari" uye akasika ano chaiko vokuItaly, kwakatora emakore. Pashure pokufa nyanduri Florence anotamburawo nokuzvipa muguta Ravenna kodzero kutakura ndinoviga zvasara ake, zvisinei, kwete anogona kuzadzisa ichi. Zvino remakore rechi14. kuti mhosva hwevatongi uye vagari Florence, uyo vakadzingwa guta ravo Dante kuti kunaka mashoko uye kupikiswa maonero. Munyori akatamira Ravenna, apo akafa. Apo Florence akakumbirisa kumupa madota Dante, kuti Ravenna haana kubvumirana, uye kubva ipapo mumwe sarcophagus muSanta Croce inomira chinhu.

Santa Croce: nzvimbo, maawa marobhoti, mitengo

Kuti tiwane yakakurumbira Basilica, wasvika Piazza Santa Croce (Florence), zvinokosha nawo. nzvimbo iyi pamazuva akare chaiva vakatozodzokera nhumbi uye Tournaments, zvino rava vakatozodzokera mitambo, zvesimba uye Concerts. It wo akaita dzimwe nguva ari makwikwi Florentine nhabvu, apo vatambi vakapfeka zvokupfeka dzekare uye kukwikwidzana mune yakaoma mitemo okuberekwa.

In Santa Croce (Florence) maawa miziyamu-chechi kubva 9.30 kusvika 17,30 pamusoro mevhiki uye Migovera, paruzhinji mazororo - kubva 14.00 kusvika 17.00.

Price mukereke matikiti: 8 Euro, discounted matikiti vana vane makore makore 11-17, vadzidzi - 4 euros, akasununguka kubvuma vana pasi pemakore 11 okuberekwa, vagari Florence, vakaremara uye muchiridzira.

Reviews

Vashanyi kushanyira kereke yakanaka Santa Croce (Florence), yakanakisisa uye hombe kwechishamiso chapel ose mukati kereke - ari oga Museum, kuratidza mabasa vemifananidzo makuru, mumwe tombstone - iri rounyanzvi pamusoro sculptural art. Pfungwa uye manzwiro kuti varehwa yakakurumbira munyori Stendhal, uyo akashanyira Basilica: mufaro inoganhurana kumupfugamira. Anawo pfungwa akakura Chivako ichi muna ano vanhu.