Barbiturates: A pakarongwa zvinodhaka, vaitarira uye mashandiro

Kwerinopfuura zana makore mushonga anozivikanwa mishonga yakadai barbiturates. List kugadzirira ine izvi zvinhu, akaita zvakasimba kutsauka mumakore achangopfuura nokuti zvakava pachena kuti vakanga vari muropa uye zvikuru nemishonga. Asi pasinei ichi, vachiri zvinodhaka izvi zviri Zvisinei inoshandiswa mukurapa,, ari akasununguka kumusika haagoni kuvawana. Chikonzero ndechokuti pakati remakore rechi20 Makanga kufa nokuda nomuchetura kubudikidza barbiturates. Naizvozvo, avo vakanga vari chiremba prescribes kubata zvinodhaka izvi kuziva chii nemishonga inogona kukonzera. Uyezve, pane zvakawanda ano, inoshanda uye njodzi mishonga.

Chii barbiturates

mishonga izvi aonekwa kwezana remakore rechi20. musayendisiti German Bayer akazarura rinokosha chirungiso - barbituric acid. Nechekare muna 1903 zvakanzi kupfeka pamusika rokutanga mushonga "Barbital" zvikuru chinosidyiwa zita "veronal". Pakazosvika pakati remakore, zvakanzi kuzivikanwa anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvigadzirwa, iyo vanonzi "barbiturates". Chikumbiro chavo mushonga rakanga rakafara: kubva nyore kushaya hope kusvikira yokutindivadza. Vakawanda vakatora mishonga izvi nokuda kushushikana, hope zvirwere, kana kungoti kuzorora. Vamwe vava ndezvokungotevedzera barbiturates, izvo kazhinji kunoguma murufu. Saka, mumakore 70 mishonga ava akanyangarika kubva akasununguka kutengeswa. Zvino, chete zvisingawanzoitiki nguva vamwe barbiturates anoshandiswa.

mazita zvinodhaka

Zvino kuruboshwe-ruoko asiri vanopfuura gumi nevaviri zvinodhaka izvi. Kune mapoka zvakawanda barbiturates. Vakagoverana dzavo refu. Vangazivikanwa barbiturates dzakadaro:

--refu kuita "Barbital", "Phenobarbital" (aizivikanwa se "Luminal"), "Sodium barbiturate", "Butizol" uye vamwe;

- avhareji nguva "cyclobarbital," "barbamyl", "Alyurat", "butabarbital," "Talbutal" uye vamwe;

- pfupi (maawa anosvika 6) chiito "hexobarbital", "Pentothal", "Tiamilal", "Brevital" uye zvimwe zvinodhaka. Vari aiwanzoshandiswa sezvo intravenous jekiseni, sezvo iri vatotanga kuita maminitsi mashoma pashure kutarisira.

Chii chakaitwa vane barbiturates

Barbituric asidhi rave kushandiswa mushonga, sezvo zvikazooneka, zvinokanganisawo nechepakati tsinga, izvozvo kutigumbura kutaurirana pakati masero etsinga. Saka, zvose zvinodhaka izvi vane simba kuchizorodza, anticonvulsant, kunyaradza uye hypnotic kuvabatsira. Kana ukatora barbiturates vasati yokutindivadza, ivo kuchawedzera zvainoita. Zvino inofananidza nezvinodhaka, kubva pakushandisa kwete chete depresses tsinga, asi zvinopinda muropa. Barbiturates inogona kuenzaniswa doro. Yakadai chete ezvinhu euphoria uye kufara, kazhinji zvechisimba, zvadaro simba rinorema hope, pashure iyo munhu anonzwa akaora mwoyo, uye chido kutora mushonga zvakare. Vanhu vanoshandisa zvinodhaka, barbiturates, katsamba kuti akanzwa vagadzikana uye akadzikama, ikawanda nechivimbo uye sociability. Imhaka kwemigumisiro izvi, vakawanda vave ndezvokungotevedzera zvinodhaka. Dzidza kuti ongororo: barbiturates dzakaonekwa ari weti. Zvikonzero ichi ndechokuti barbituric asidhi Rinobva zvikurukuru kuburikidza neitsvo.

Rakashandiswa barbiturates

It yagara vakaratidza kuti zvinodhaka izvi kuti hwakasimba kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, kazhinji vachipedzisira rufu. Asi mune zvimwe zviitiko, murwere anogona kubatsira barbiturates chete. The pamazita nemishonga inoshandiswa mukurapa nhasi, akawira doro, asi ivo vari kuwanikwa chete mushonga. Ivo basa chete muzviitiko:

- pamwe kuzvidya mwoyo;

- chakakomba chetsinga zvirwere;

- pamwe chinyamunhari chinorwadza nokugwinha;

- kugadzira murwere nokuda yokutindivadza panguva akavhiyiwa;

- mune nyaya hope, kana pasina dzimwe nzira rubatsiro.

Ainyanya kushandiswa barbiturates tsviyo. Asi vamwe vanhu vakuru vasina kuzvishandisa uye kudzikamisa. In zvokurapa Masangano barbiturates zvinoshandiswa muchimiro intravenous kana intramuscular jekiseni, uye nokuti-murwere kurapwa kunogona kupiwa mapiritsi, capsules kana suppositories. Vamwe zvinodhaka ndivo chikamu zvimwe zvinodhaka. Somuenzaniso, phenobarbital ndiyo hwaro "korvalola". Kumborara mapiritsi simba "Penobarbital" rinoshandiswa kuti aurayiwe rufu uye euthanasia mune wemhuka.

Chii chinokonzera marwadzo

Zvino kunyanya kushandiswa zvokurapa nemasangano barbiturates. The pamazita zvinodhaka kubvumirwa kushandiswa, chete anozivikanwa unyanzvi. Zviri nyore chaizvo kuti muchetura zvinodhaka yakadaro kana vawane vave kuyanzva. Kana munhu kazhinji anoshandisa barbiturates, rinogona kuwanikwa pachishandiswa zvikonzero:

- Hope, kuvhiringidzika, kakawanda zvisipo;

- kusaenzana uye chin'a kufamba;

- kunokanganisika pakutaura, chokundandama;

- kutura kutapata;

- rashes uye nezvirwere purulent ganda;

- metabolic chirwere uye tava kuderera Zvakaitwa gastrointestinal hurongwa;

- mwoyo, kudzongonyedzwa, asi dzimwe nguva sehasha;

- nokuvhiringidzika pfungwa uye vasingadzoreki yevasungwa.

Kuvimba barbiturates

Kazhinji vanhu kushandisa zvinodhaka zvakadai kudzikamisa kana kunetseka hope, uye dzimwe nguva havazivi zvavari hwakazara ngozi. Nokuti ikozvino, Zvinodhaka ndima kwaenzaniswa chinodhaka uye barbiturates. Nedoro kunoratidzwa muna aifanira kuramba kunwa kugadzirira, vachiwedzera dose yavo. Anovandudza pashure mwedzi mitatu dzose rubvumo. Nedoro kunotungamirira kushatirwa, ndisipo kufunga, ungaderedza yevasungwa uye ndangariro. Pangave zvakasiyana chetsinga zvirwere: kunokanganisika pakutaura, kudedera maoko nemakumbo, nokugwinha. Pashure rinorema hope kukonzerwa barbiturates, munhu anonzwa zvizere simba. Iye kutura kufurirwa ari kutarisana nomusoro uye kuda kurutsa, kuti kuchiparadza, tora dose itsva. Saka anova zvaanoda.

Nei vanhu kutora zvinodhaka izvi

Kubva pakaita rava nevakawanda zvikuru barbiturates. List mishonga kubudikidza pakati rechi20 remakore maviri nehafu chiuru madunhurirwa. Vakagamuchirwa nevaya vanoda kudzikama kusiya matambudziko avo vainzwa kugara Makakatanwa uye dambudziko akotsira uye. Kamwe zvakava pachena kuti zvinoitwa barbiturates hwakafanana zvinodhaka, kushandiswa kwawo ipfupi zvakasimba. Asi ikozvino vazhinji vavo kuwira kuyanzva. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kazhinji vanhu vanovenga pachavo, havachavimbi kufarira upenyu uye kudiwa kutaurirana. Uye, pasinei nokuti barbiturates vanokonzera kukanganwa, hope uye kushaya inorema pfungwa, vanoramba dzakakurumbira. Kazhinji imhaka ichi, vanhu vanowanzofunga kutora zvinodhaka izvozvo. Kunze, pasi zvinoitwa munhu hunoguma kunzwa marwadzo, kuona manzwiro uye relaxes.

chepfu ne barbiturates

Zvakaipira zvinodhaka izvi kuti nokukurumidza kunogona kweropa zvinodhaka ovhadhozi. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuti munhu arara uye haagoni ukamuka, nokuti kufema zvishoma DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA uye rufu kunoitika. Kana barbiturates ropa vari vazhinji, uye izvi zvinogona kuitika kana achitora zvatinosiita dose, asi panyaya kushandiswa zvinodhaka-yakareba ikoko, ane chepfu. Nevamwe vanhu zvinoderedza hasha, chiso chake chokuchinja rwedenga uye kufema kwake anova kakawanda uye kudzika. kazhinji rufu kunoitika kubva kuoma kufema hurongwa.

Kubviswa zvinodhaka

Rasa barbiturate nedoro zvakaoma chaizvo. Ucharwadziwa kazhinji akasimba kupfuura apo chinodhaka muropa. Pashure pezvizuva pashure ukasiya kushandisa zvinodhaka munhu anonzwa kufunganya, kuda kurutsa, zvinorwadza kushaya hope uye pfari. Zvingaitika nezvipusha, bronchospasm, kana chaanoziva. Kazhinji ichi chinourayisa. Uye akacherechedza mupfungwa nepfungwa: munhu haagoni kufunga zvakajeka, pane vachida kuzviuraya. Saka, ukama yakadaro chete kurapwa nachiremba Zvivako pasi pokudzora chiremba.

Chii chinogona kutsiva barbiturates

Recently kashoma aishandisa zvinodhaka izvi. Munyika dzakawanda, kazhinji, wairambidza barbiturates. Ndezvipi zvinodhaka anoshandiswa, havazivi zvose, saka unofanira kunyatsofunga kuverenga mirairo murwiyo. Zvino kushandiswa kubvisa hope, mupfungwa uye zvinodhaka njodzi kuti vari chaizvo Kashoma kukonzera muropa. Kakawanda iri "Lorazepam", "Diazepam", "Librium" uye vamwe. vari kunyange njodzi, "New Pass", "Glycine", "madonhwe Zelenin" uye dzimwe Homeopathic mishonga. An nzira makemikari yomuchipatara zvingava mishonga teas kana mindi, motherwort, aromatherapy, jekiseni uye mararamiro kuchinja.