Arsenic chepfu: zviratidzo, zvinokonzera, rwekutanga, migumisiro yacho

Izvi makemikari chaikosha - chombo kufarira pavaurayi. Akazviratidza mabasa akawanda ingano uye kazhinji kukonzera rufu enyika makuru nenhamba. Ivo vanotsigira utano uye varume recalcitrant yakachena. Vamwe ayo yeimwe vanogona kukuvadza vanhu kunyange zviduku zvakawanda, asi Ukuwo, chicherwa mvura uye vamwe mishonga kuti ane izvozvo, kubatsira kudzosera utano. Inguva kubvisa Aura yechakavanzika uye kuti kunyatsoziva ichi intractable uye ngozi fuma.

Arsenic - makemikari Kufananidzira aizivikanwa periodic ino sezvo Arsenic. Mabhomba nhamba - 33, rinoreva semimetals. Valence shanduko huru pamwero runoita kuti vawane nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana yeimwe, zvimwe zvinogona kuuraya munhu, uye mumwe, nekusiyana, nekuporesa zvirwere zvakadai kenza uye neleukemia.

eremendi ehupfumi

Arsenic kugutsikana mune goko zvishoma. Hazvina kuumbwa panguva magmatic pezvakaitwa nokuda volatility dzavo pamusoro kudziyisa, asi kuputika kwemakomo Arsenic yeimwe kupinda mumhepo zvizhinji. Pane vanhu vanenge zana nemakumi masere anotsanangura zvicherwa Arsenic, sezvo chinhu ichi vanogona kutora yakasiyana Valencia. Asi zvinozivikanwa zvakasikwa pamwe sarufa Arsenic (Sezvo ₂ S Formula _3).

Uye kwete mamiriro?

In ndicho upenyu uye kwakamutsigira - Gray Arsenic (payakavakirwa - α-Sezvo). Zviri zvikuru kusimba sekristaro simbi-wachena ruvara kuti rinosvava mudenga uye yakafukidzwa firimu nokuda kwenguva refu kuonana mumhepo. Kunewo yero, vatema uye mashava kunatsiridza maatomu akafanana, pashure nepamahofisi kudziyisa mu pfumbu.

Vakazvigadzirirwa muchidziisa nayo pamatombo, rine Arsenic kana Arsenic ipfupi kubva zvayo yakachena oxides.

nyaya

Chekutanga Arsenic - chepfu. Asi munyika yekare, vanhu vakashandisa chicherwa ichi nokuda madhayi uye mishonga. Kokutanga zvayo yakachena chimiro Arsenic akakwanisa Albert Guru regumi namatatu remakore AD. In mabasa ake Paracelsus akataurawo chinhu ichi, asi pasi yakasiyana zita. Munyika kumabvazuva, mu zvakafanana pamwe vokuEurope, akadzidzawo ehupfumi zvinhu ichi chinoshamisa uye aigona kunyange rokuongorora rufu muchetura. Asi ruzivo rwavo haapindi pasi nhasi.

Somunhu yoga Kufananidzira, Arsenic kwave kwakamboitwa periodic patafura Antuanom Lavuaze.

chepfu Zvinokonzera

Arsenic chepfu - kwete husiri nyore kuwana munguva yedu. Asi zviri nani tsaona waini pane kuuraya zvakanangwa. Ukasangana zvinogona zvinenge kwese:

• zvakasikwa: pasi kuti zvokudya anogona kupfuura matombo kuti ane chicherwa ichi;
• Akawanawo utsi: yezvipfungaidzo nemaindasitiri zvikuru chepfu;
• muna zvomugungwa: uyewo Arsenic iri kunokurumidziswa mumvura inotonhora, kuti kuputika kwemakomo riri pamusoro penyanza pasi, rinogona anwa ne hove uye dzemugungwa;
• muna indasitiri: Used anotsigira chinhu kugadzirwa regirazi, semiconductor kana zvimwe zvemagetsi.

Uyezve, hatigoni siya nemaune Arsenic chepfu sezvo yokuedza kuzviuraya kana kuponda.

The pathogenesis nomuchetura

Achipinda womunhu kubudikidza ganda, mapapu kana ura, Arsenic achaendeswa kuburikidza muropa yose muviri, rakapinza muruoko nhengo dzose uye munyama. Haangagoni kukunda ropa-uropi mhinganidzo, asi zvakanaka mukati placenta, fetus'yese chepfu. A yakareba caffeine inogona kuona muchetura, kunyange vhiki mushure chepfu.

A inouraya dose inobva 0,05 kusvika 0.2 magiramu. Uye akagamuchira kunogona panguva uye zvishoma nezvishoma, kana pane chirwere chepfu. Kazhinji ichi ezvinhu ari kuchengetwa vashandi zvokurima, makushe nematehwe indasitiri uyewo makambani nemakemikari.

kiriniki

Kana ngozi dose iri mukati, migumisiro yacho havasi vanomanikidzwa kumirira. Hafu yeawa Papera munhu anotanga kunzwa zviratidzo kudhaka akadai nemusoro, kurukutika, simba, kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa. Havana zvakananga chero chepfu. Rinongova pavakanzwa zvinokonzerwa zvine chepfu. Sei nechokwadi zvakauya Arsenic chepfu? Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• cramping marwadzo mudumbu;
• manyoka sezvo mvura mupunga;
• nemishonga hadiyo mweya;
• chakakomba kupera mvura mumuviri uye nenyota.

Zvichienderana sei hurongwa aishanda uturu pakutanga, kuziva dzakawanda nomuchetura: gastrointestinal, zvemwoyo, Urinary, huta. Uyezve, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinotora nzvimbo uye chirwere Arsenic chepfu. Zviratidzo izvi nyaya dzisiri kugadzira saka nokukurumidza uye zvakawanda raidudzwa paganda;

1. Hyperkeratosis: kunyanya kugadzirwa penyika rukoko ganda.
2. Akatsvuka kana pigmentation dzinodiwa dzakaonda ganda - anopenya, muhapwa, temberi, mutsipa, minyatso uye sikarudzi.
3. Desquamation uye ganda roughness.
4. Chimiro Mitsetse chena chipikiri ndiro.

zvokukurumidzira matanho

rubatsiro First kana nomuchetura pamwe Arsenic airarama pakushambidza dumbu zvakawanda mvura uye kugeza nayo ganda. Kana munhu azheuka, zvino mushure iwe kuzvitengesa kurutivi rwayo, yaida kuzodana amburenzi. Hapana nyaya musapa akuvara munhu laxative kana sorbents. Kana muchetura akatotanga akakwanisa kupinda masero matsvuku eropa, mabasa aya anogona kubatsira muduku.

In kwazvo zviitiko zvinokosha kutanga CPR vasati vasvika vanachiremba. Zviratidzo Arsenic chepfu zvinogona kukanganisa kuti kuipa intestinal chirwere, saka kuva nechokwadi kuudza zvose dzokurapa nomuchetura.

Kurapwa muchipatara muchipatara

Arsenic chepfu kunoda muchipatara nokuongororwa nyanzvi. Munhu wacho aida okisijeni inhalation, zvakawanda invasive kurapwa kuti kubvisa chepfu residues kubva mumuviri. Kana kuongorora kunoratidza kuti murwere akaderedza Chizenga uye erythrocytes, zvino zvatowedzera chinotarisirwa shuga-novocaine nezvakasanganiswa. Kana nedzinovengwa Arsenic vapor zvingamuka mucosal edema somugumisiro, isu vakashanda kufema. Panyaya iyi, murwere zvinofanira akapinda aminophylline, uye zvikuru zviitiko kunyange incubate nokuti unobva unomubatsira kufema.

A wakananga mushonga anonzi "Unithiol" (huru vanoshingaira fuma - dimercaprol), runokusunganidzai kuti nokuumba insoluble Arsenic remubatanidzwa kunogona kuva goho iri weti. The mushonga chinotarisirwa pa mwero 2-3 milligrams por kilogram kurema muviri. Dzokorora muitiro maawa matanhatu ose panguva rokutanga, uye ipapo kaviri pazuva kuchitsauko mavhiki.

Chiremba anofanira kuwana simba sei murwere Arsenic chepfu. Treatment achaenderana dose nomuchetura. Modern nzira kuti zvinoita yokugadza nayo zvakarurama kwazvo.

pamutemo unyanzvi

Zvinozivikanwa kuti kwenguva yakareba Arsenic chepfu aigona munataisireva nemhondi, sezvo zvakanga zvisingaiti kuona toxin muropa revanhu kana bvudzi. Vanyori venhoroondo dzekare vanobvuma kuti Napoleon Bonaparte akafa chete kubva muchetura uyu, asi mukuru shanduro inoti chikonzero chiri untreated gastric kenza.

To zviitiko zvakadaro haazodzokororwi, uye mutadzi aigona kuwanikwa, mishonga uye yefizikisi pasi pose, kwete shoko, akatanga kutsvaka nzira kuziva Arsenic mumuviri rechipfuwo. Kudzidza uku zvaisanganisira Robert Boyle, Olaf Bergman, Carl Scheele uye Dzheyms Marsh. Ndiyo wokupedzisira vavo akakwanisa kuwana panguva kuedza ake Arsenic yakaisvonaka, iyo inogona kushandiswa sezvo uchapupu. Utetsa Maitiro aigona kuratidza 0.001g muchetura tigutsikane muropa wemufi.

Mumwe zana pemakore Arsenic chepfu haasisina raimiririra chakavanzika kuferefeta, sezvo mishonga hwapedza zvikuru zvakarurama uye nokungwarira kuti nzira.

vemauto vanonangwa

Pashure peHondo Yenyika I, kana kushandiswa gasi rinouraya akapinda denderedzwa zvinoreva kukunda muvengi, masayendisiti nechido vakatanga kushandisa chombo itsva. Chemical kurwisa muvengi Arsenic yeimwe kana mhute akaita mamota, ganda necrosis, kuzvimba mucous membranes, uye rufu kubudikidza kubitirirwa uturu pamberi anopinda muropa. Kunyange kuwanda pasi rakanga zvakakwana kuti demoralize murume uye vagomuuraya. Chimwe chishandiso akadaro aiva lewisite. Aiva akanaka kunhuwa vachiita geraniums, asi kunyange kuderera nayo zvikuru aigona kukuvadza muviri. Nokuti pfuma iyi masoja akaritumidza "dova rufu."

chicherwa mvura

Achirega Kuwanda Arsenic chete fő nokunwa mvura - 50 micrograms. Asi muna 2002, izvi mwero kwave rakadzokororwa, zvichiguma zvakawanda inoomesera - kusvika 10 micrograms. Kufunganya panhau scored muTaiwan. mvura yavo chitubu ine chitsama Arsenic yaiva zvinoshamisa, vachiri kwete nokutsakatika. Concentration kunopfuura 180 nguva kupfuura bvumidzwa wokuyera mitemo vanhasi.

Paiva mubvunzo pamusoro kurapwa mvura uye pakusununguka nayo nzvimbo South-East Asia panguva yakaderera upfumi mutengo. Nyore Nzira raiva oxidation pamusoro trivalent Arsenic kuti pentavalent uye kuiisa nayo.

Medical mafomu

In zviduku zvakawanda, zvinenge zvose zvemamiriro periodic ezvinhu D. I. Mendeleeva zvinodiwa dzose kushanda kunoita, hazvishamisi vari mumuviri. Uye ndiani asina kunzwa mashoko kuti mishonga diki uturu - mushonga? Zvinozivikanwa kuti Arsenic kunobatsira kuvandudza ropa, mhanyisa muviri uye kumhanya kuwedzera munyama, kusanganisira mafupa. Kunyange mishonga duku anovandudza zvirwere. Munguva dzekare, namatidza kuti Arsenic yeimwe anoshandiswa kurapa maronda uye maronda akazaruka, kwazvo huro, relapsing fivha.

Muzana remakore rechigumi nematatu Thomas Fowler tega mhinduro pamusana Arsenic, panodamwa zita rayo uye rinoshandiswa nokuda pakurapa vairwara uye ganda zvirwere. Kufarira kuti zvinodhaka ichi nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka yakasvika kweMuroori panguva panosangana nemisere uye namapfumbamwe emakore. Asi pakatanga ruzivo rutsva pamusoro wefizikisi, kemisitiri uye muviri mushure zvose hunokachidza hunhu remubatanidzwa uyu amuudza, uye kushandisa akatanga kusviba.

chicherwa mvura Natural vafumiswa pamwe Arsenic, uye zvino kushandiswa pakurapa kupererwa, neleukemia uye zvimwe zvirwere zviri nemudumbu. Uyezve, ndiye chikamu Amai, iyo inoshandiswa zvizoro. Natural manyuko maatomu akafanana izvi hazvina zvomugungwa, mhuka mupunga, bota, nenyemba, makarotsi, mazambiringa (uye akaomeswa), mastrawberry.