Anogumbura nevamiririri: kupatsanura

The pakuonekwa anogumbura pezvakaitwa semhinduro pathological chokufunga raiita maitiro nhengo. Kuzvimba - kunzwisisa muitiro kuti achikura ari munharaunda kana vakawanda pamwero kuti kunoitika semhinduro dzimwe nevamiririri. The chikuru Basa vatanga anogumbura mhinduro rinotungamirirwa kubvisa zvinoitwa pathological uye kuzoita muviri. Anogumbura nevamiririri ndiwo vanozoshanda, dzinoshanda azvaiitwa.

Muchidimbu nenhungamiro anogumbura siyana

The rokuzvidzivirira - kurinda utano hwevanhu. Kana kudiwa kupinda kurwa uye anouraya utachiona, utachiona, notumwe. Zvisinei, pamwe akanatsiridzwa revitalization acho rokurwisa tusingaoneki zvinogona kuonekwa nemaziso kana kunzwa pakuonekwa kunotoda mufananidzo. Zviri Pakadaro kuzvimba kukura sezvo rwokudzivirira achipindura muviri.

Process dziri chenjera uye chisingaperi anogumbura norudaviro kuyerera kwayo. Wokutanga unovapo kubva pakarepo chiito muchishungurudza chinhu (kunotevera, kukuvara, sema Chaizvoizvo, chirwere). Chirwere kuzvimba kuripo uye zvishoma raidudzwa zvekuchipatara zviratidzo.

Kana omunzvimbo kwaiita zvirwere iri mapazi yokukuvadzwa kana kukuvadza pane zviratidzo anogumbura kuita zvinotevera:

• marwadzo;
• kuzvimba, puffiness;
• Flushing ganda ;
• kutyora dzichipfekeka ehurumende;
• hyperthermia (tembiricha vosimba).

anogumbura pavaipfuura budiriro

Pfungwa kuzvimba anobva mawa kusakarongeka ganda anodzivirira zvinhu, ropa uye masero zvirwere. Pakarepo pashure kugara kune imwe mumiriri, muviri anopindura vemunzvimbo vasodilatation munzvimbo zvakananga kukuvara. Pane kuwedzera permeability parusvingo uye nokusimbaradza yomunharaunda microcirculation. Pamwe chete masero eropa anosvika dziviriro pano humoral.

In padariro wechipiri masoja masero vanotanga kurwisana tupukanana tusingaoneki, akawana pachavo munzvimbo kukuvara. Muitiro une zita phagocytosis. Masero, neutrophils, kushandura chimiro chavo uye kupinza pathological nevamiririri. Next, anobuda inokosha yomuchipatara zvainanga kuparadzwa utachiona uye utachiona.

In zvinofambirana pamwe tusingaoneki kuparadza neutrophils uye masero ekare akafa, izvo dziri munzvimbo chokutsva. Saka anotanga kukura chetatu chokutambudzika zvinoitwa nhengo. Ainyanya kuzvimba sezvazvakanyorwa kudzivirirwa kubva muviri wose. Dzimwe nguva nzvimbo ino inogona akanzwa throbbing. Sero anotanga kubudisa anogumbura nevamiririri kubva rechikepe mumasero, unobvumira iwe kuchenesa yakuvara kubva muchetura, tsvina uye zvimwe zvinhu.

General Dzidziso nevamiririri

Anogumbura nevamiririri - rinoshanda zvacho zvipenyu mavambo, izvo pamwe nokubudiswa chikuru maitikiro ose shandurudzo. Ndivo mhosva kwaita zviratidzo anogumbura siyana. Somuenzaniso, vakawedzera permeability yacho mudziyo madziro kana veko tembiricha kuwedzera munzvimbo traumatization.

The chikuru nevamiririri venyika kuzvimba Munokudzwa kwete chete nokuda kukura pathological muitiro. budiriro yavo anotora nzvimbo dzose. It nechinangwa murau mitambo muviri panguva zvinyama uye cellular mumatunhu. Zvichienderana pokutungamirira chiito, modulators zvine kushanda:

• chirungiso (ekisitenjeni);
• synergistic (potentiator);
• antagonichesky (kwakaderera).

Kana pakukuvara kana nzvimbo neurotransmitter chiito zvigare chikwata anotonga kudyidzana pezvakaitwa uye anogumbura effector danho kusuduruka hunhu kwacho.

Mhando anogumbura nevamiririri

anogumbura modulators All vanokamurwa muzvikwata zviviri, zvichienderana dzakavapo:

1. Humoral: kinins, nomukaka zviri mukwanisi, pakugwamba zvinhu.
2. Cell: vasoactive amines, arachidonic asidhi nomukaka, cytokines, lymphokines, lysosomal zvinhu, reactive okisijeni metabolites, neuropeptides.

Humoral nevamiririri venyika kuzvimba inowanikwa muviri kuchinja pathological chinhu, i.e. muviri une kugoverwa izvi zvinhu. deposition yavo kunoitika mumasero nenzira akaneta muchimiro.

Vasoactive amines uye neuropeptides lysosomal zvikonzero zvinogarawo pre-yaivapo modulators. The zvinhu yasara kungova boka cellular nevamiririri anobudiswa zvakananga munguva kukura anogumbura mhinduro.

nomukaka zviri mukwanisi

For anogumbura nevamiririri hwokurara kuzadzikisa. boka iri pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu zviri kuonekwa pakati inokosha humoral modulators. K nomukaka zvinosanganisira 22 yakasiyana mapuroteni ane inotungamirwa kunoitika ne mukwanisi activation (inotungamirwa masoja zvivako kana immunoglobulins).

1. Modulators C5a uye C3a ndivo anokonzera rikwanise kuzvimba danho uye Liberatore histamine anobudiswa neZvapupu pedanda rechikepe masero. Zvavakaita chinotungamirwa panguva dzekugonesa pachiyero vascular muchitokisi permeability, iro rinoitwa zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga nenzira histamine.
2. Modulator C5a of Arg anowedzera permeability pakati venules pa nzvimbo anogumbura norudaviro uye chinokwezva masero neutrophilic.
3. S3 anosimudzira phagocytosis.
4. Complex S5-C9 mhosva lysis pamusoro zvigare uye masero mwero.

Ichi boka nevamiririri yakabereka kubva yeplasma uye tishu Urume. Nokuda kupinda pathological vematunhu, exudation pezvakaitwa kuitika. With nomukaka mukwanisi kusunungurwa interleukin, neurotransmitters, leukotrienes, prostaglandins uye platelet-simba chinhu.

kinins

Ichi boka zvinhu ndiyo vasodilators. Ivo akaumba muna zvinyama Urume uye muplasma wakananga globulin,. The chikuru vamiririri boka zvinosanganisira bradykinin uye kallidin, izvo chiito nezvinozoitika sezvinotevera:

• mubasa rutapudzo kuti tsandanyama mapoka pachaenzaniswa;
• Akaroromesawo vascular endothelial kusimbisa pezvakaitwa rusvingo permeability;
• kubatsira Zvakawanikwa arterial uye venous kumanikidzwa;
• kuwedzera midziyo diki;
• kuti chitarisiko marwadzo uye kuvaviwa;
• mhanyisa patsva uye collagen usage.

The chiito nechinangwa kuwanikwa bradykinin yeplasma kuwana nzvimbo chokutsva. Kinins - marwadzo nevamiririri venyika kuzvimba. Vari muchishungurudza veko receptors, kuchikonzera kusagadzikana, soreness, kuvaviwa.

prostaglandins

Cellular anogumbura nevamiririri vari prostaglandins. Ichi boka yeimwe chokuita nomukaka zviri arachidonic acid. Manyuko prostaglandins vari macrophages, maplatelet, granulocytes uye monocytes.

Prostaglandins - nevamiririri venyika kuzvimba, rinoratidza zvinotevera basa:

• kweiyi marwadzo receptors;
• vasodilation;
• awedzere exudative pezvakaitwa;
• achisimbisa kuti hyperthermia muna lesion;
• kuwedzera kufamba leukocytes kupinda pathological mapazi;
• kuwedzera kuzvimba.

leukotrienes

Biology vanoshingaira zvinhu zvaiva rekuUnited nevamiririri. Kureva muviri zvirwere iri vakasara huwandu hazvivakwani akabva angoitei irritant.

Leukotrienes vanotsamwisa pfuma vascular permeability uye leukocyte zvinopa mukana kune mapazi ose zvokurwara. Zvinokosha Genesi kuti anogumbura marwadzo. Zvinhu zvinogona synthesized ose ropa masero mamwe kupfuura erythrocytes, uye adventitia masero zvemapapu, tsinga uye masero mafuta.

Kana kuzvimba pakupindura utachiona, nemavhairasi kana sema zvinhu leukotrienes kukonzera Árbol spasm, achiita kukura edema. Kuvhiringidzwa kwakafanana kuitwa histamine, asi yakareba. Target Nhengo nokuti basa zvinhu - moyo. Akamira kunze vazhinji, ivo vanoita pamusoro pomwoyo, anononoka coronary kuyerera uye kuwedzera ufanane anogumbura kuita.

thromboxanes

boka iri vanoshingaira modulators akaumba munyama pamusoro chirwatata, masero uropi, masero yemapapu uye ropa maplatelet. Iva spastic kwakabatsira midziyo ropa, chiwedzere dzinotsanagura thrombosis muna cardiac ischemia, inobatsira kuti nedanho aggregation uye platelet adhesion.

biogenic amines

The chikuru anogumbura nevamiririri - histamine uye kweserotonin. Zvinhu zviri provocateurs kwokutanga microcirculatory zvinetso zviri zvokurwara wongoramba. Kweserotonin - a neurotransmitter kuti anogadzirwa mafuta masero, maplatelet uye enterochromaffin.

The chiito kweserotonin dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana ayo dhigiri mumuviri. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, kana mari iri vasiri murevereri, izvozvo anowedzera vascular kurwadza kwacho uye inowedzera inzwi ravo. With kukura anogumbura zvinoitwa nhamba inowedzera zvinoshamisa. Kweserotonin anova vasodilator, kuwedzera vascular permeability uye kuwedzera midziyo. Uyezve, ayo chiito chimwe kazana zvokufambisa wechipiri biogenic amine neurotransmitter.

Histamine - anogumbura murevereri ane chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda kubatsira tsinga uye masero. Zvinoenderana rimwe boka gistaminchuvstvitelnyh receptors fuma dilates ari arteries uye kuchititadzisa leukocyte sangano. Kana pachena mumwe - nhete tsinga vnutrikapellyarnogo chinokonzera kuwedzera kumanikidza Ukuwo, kukurudzira leukocyte kufamba.

Zvinoenderana neutrophil receptors, histamine ichikutadzisa functionality avo monocyte receptors - kunomutsa kare. Saka neurotransmitter anogona kuva anogumbura Anti-anogumbura mugumisiro panguva iyoyowo.

Vasodilator mugumisiro histamine kunosimudzirwa pasi pokudzora kuzvivako pamwe acetylcholine, bradykinin, uye kweserotonin.

lysosomal makemikari

Immune kuzvimba nevamiririri anobudiswa neZvapupu monocytes uye granulocytes panzvimbo yacho pathological muitiro panguva dzishande, kutama, phagocytosis, kukuvara sero uye rufu. Proteases izvo chikuru chezvinonhuwira lysosomal makemikari vane inorwisa utachiona kushanda kudzivirira lysing mutorwa akaparadza pathological tusingaoneki.

Uyezve, vanoshingaira zvinhu zvinoita kuti vawedzere permeability pamusoro vascular masvingo, modulate leukocyte infiltration. Zvichienderana nokuwanda kwadzo makemikari, vanogona kusimbisa kana kunetesa yokutama leukocyte masero.

Anogumbura Mhinduro hwapedyo uye inogara kwenguva refu nokuti chokuti lysosomal makemikari Activate kuti mukwanisi hurongwa, kusunungurwa cytokines uye limokiny Activate coagulation uye fibrinolysis.

cationic mapuroteni

By kuzvimba nevamiririri vari mapuroteni zviri neutrophil granules uye kuva mukuru microbicidal. Izvi zvinhu vanoita zvakananga pamusoro masero vatorwa, kukanganisa kwaro STRUCTURAL membrane. Izvi zvinokonzera rufu pathological mumiririri. Uyezve, pfungwa yokuparadza uye cleavage kubudikidza lysosomal proteases.

Cationic mapuroteni vanotsigira neurotransmitter kusunungurwa histamine, kuwedzera vascular permeability, kuwedzera leukocyte adhesion uye kutama nemasero.

cytokines

Izvi cellular anogumbura nevamiririri zvinoberekwa masero zvinotevera:

• monocytes;
• macrophages;
• neutrophils;
• lymphocytes;
• masero endothelial.

Zvinoenderana neutrophils, cytokine mumatunhu vawedzere vascular permeability. Ivo kukurudzira leukocyte masero kuurayana, anokunda uye achiparadza tusingaoneki vatorwa makasimbiswa, chinogonesa phagocytosis rikurumidze.

Pashure kuuraya pathological yomuchipatara cytokines kukurudzira kupora uye kuwanda masero matsva. Dyidzana pamwe zvinhu kubva boka nevamiririri, prostaglandins, neuropeptides.

Active metabolites reokisijeni

Boka vakasununguka radicals, izvo zvinokonzerwa kuvapo kwavo unpaired maerekitironi, vaikwanisa kupinda ukama nevamwe mamorekuru, achitora zvakananga chikamu kukura kushoma. By okisijeni metabolites, izvo zviri chikamu nevamiririri, ndeinotevera:

• munhu hydroxyl kukuru;
• hydroperoxide kukuru;
• superoxide anion kukuru.

Kunobva izvi vanoshingaira zvinhu vari chokunze paiva arachidonic iine acid phagocytic dzishande kuparuka navo, uyewo oxidation pamusoro mamorekuru duku.

Okisijeni Metabolites runogonesa mano masero phagocytic kuparadza yokumwe vamiririri chikonzero oxidation kwemafuta, kukuvara amino acids, nucleic acids, makabhohaidhiretsi, kuwedzere vascular permeability. Sezvo modulators pamusoro metabolites anogona kuwedzera kuzvimba kana Anti-anogumbura mugumisiro. Ndivo zvikuru kukura chisingaperi zvirwere.

neuropeptides

boka iri inosanganisira calcitonin, neurokinin A, uye nenhumbi P. Ndiwo modulators kupfuura inozivikanwa neuropeptides. Zvinhu chiito kushanda anobva zvinotevera pezvakaitwa:

• Kukwezva neutrophils mu kuzvimba;
• rikakura vascular permeability;
• Rubatsiro nemamwe mapoka pachena vasanonoka receptors ose neurotransmitters;
• utetsa enhancement pamusoro neutrophils kune venous endothelium;
• mubasa nokuumbwa marwadzo munguva anogumbura mhinduro.

Kuwedzera ose kumusoro, vanoshingaira nevamiririri zvinosanganisirawo acetylcholine, adrenaline uye noradrenaline. Acetylcholine rinobatanidzwa paumbwe arterial hyperemia, dilates midziyo ropa iri pachoto pathologies.

Norepinephrine uye epinephrine chiito sezvo modulators pamusoro kuzvimba, zvichivhiringidza kukura zvakadini vascular permeability.

Kukura anogumbura rudaviro haisi kutyora kubudikidza nomuviri. Kusiyana, chiri chiratidzo chokuti rokuzvidzivirira kukurira mabasa.