Alternative simba mabhuku uye kushandiswa kwayo

Munyika matambudziko zvakakwana vanhasi. Pasinei kufembera renyaya, vanhu vave kukwanisa kukurira nzara uye zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa, uye kusvikira nhasi ndivo chinouraya kukanganisa upenyu uye utano vanhu vanogara panyika. Asi chikuru dambudziko ndiro kuneta mari, izvo zvinopa simba budiriro dzedu. The Kugadzirisa chingava chitsva nzira simba zvinyorwa. Chii chinorehwa iri?

Chii?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ane unconventional tsime simba - ndiko yakadaro muitiro kuti gadziriro yayo, izvo harishandiswi pamusoro muindasitiri scale, zviri experimental uye chete anogadzirira rakasiyana kushandiswa munyika. Asi chikuru chinokosha nzira idzi chokuwana simba anova nezvakatipoteredza kuchengeteka uye renewability kwavo zvizere.

Izvi zvinogona kunzi Wind simba, zuva ukomba, simba dzemapurisa kushanda naTidhari simba. Uyezve, vaiva mukirasi iyoyo inogona kunzi biogas miti, uyewo nguva yakareba zvaMambo Fusion zvivako (kunyange Stretch).

dzinotenderera zuva

Izvi zvinyorwa non-tsika simba iri hama rokuti, "dzisiri chinyakare" anganzi chete. Chikonzero chete kuti ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu zviri rezuva simba munyika haasi zvakare dzakabudirira: kwechirwere mumhepo kusvibiswa, uye zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri masero vachiri zvinodhura chaizvo. Space - ndeimwewo nyaya. Solar ukomba zvinowanikwa ose musere musere uye nguva dzose kupa kwavo midziyo vakasununguka simba.

Hazvina zvakafanira chekufungidzira kuti ichi "unconventional" tsime simba yave anokwezvwa vanhu kuteerera chete munguva yedu. Sun - ndiko chisingapembedzwi kupisa kupi kubvira munguva dzekare. Chimwe Budiriro pamusoro Sumer akashandisa vanokwanisa pamusoro pamatenga edzimba, umo mvura iri yanyungudutswa mazuva kupisa muchirimo.

Pfungwa, sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu haana kunyanya kuchinja kuti zvinobudirira kuva simba rino chete idzodzo kunyika uko irenje uye inopisa munzvimbo. Saka, chikamu chikuru vaIsraeri uye California muUnited States anogamuchira simba kunotangira kwezuva aenzana. Zvakanakira nzira iyi chinoshayikwa: ano rezuva masero vakasiyana mukuru kunyatsoshanda, saka rimwe gore kuti nyika achakwanisa kubereka zvakawanda zvachose zvakachena uye zvisina njodzi simba.

Zvinosuruvarisa mutengo technology (sezvo takati) achiri yakakwirira, uye kugadzirwa mabhatiri anoshandiswa sezvo ine chepfu zvinhu kuti kutaura nezvevamwe ikoroji zvavo kunova maturo. Dzakasiyana kuuya vokuJapan, zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa non-kwakajairika uye renewable manyuko simba uchidzidzira.

Japanese ruzivo

Chokwadi, zuva ukomba zvakawanda kana zvishoma kuzviita kushandiswa Japan. Asi mumakore achangopfuura ivo vakadzokera tsika makore ane chiuru nhoroondo pamusoro pamatenga muzvivako akagadzawo matangi pombi dzemvura dema kuti neshungu nechiedza chezuva. Tichifunga yakaoma hwesimba munyika ino chitsuwa, vanogamuchira chakazvibata mari.

Panguva iyoyo, vaongorori vanodavira kuti kubudikidza 2025 rezuva simba vachatora kuchikosha mumagariro nzvimbo munyika dzakawanda. Muchidimbu, kushandisa dzimwe simba manyuko mumakore akatevera 50-70 Makore zvinofanira kuva akakura.

biogas

mikuru nemisha yose yevanhu kubvira panguva yakare nematambudziko nevakawanda dambudziko - tsvina. Yose tsvina rwizi vakava kunyange mukuru kana murume dzaichengetwa mombe uye nguruve uye vakatanga massively kukura nayo.

Kana tsvina haana zvikuru, vaigona kushandiswa isa fotereza minda. Asi panguva apo vanhu chete munguruve kutanga muna mamiriyoni, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti zvimwe kugadzirisa dambudziko. Chokwadi ndechokuti mutsvina yadzo wemhuka kwemarudzi iri yakachena chimiro ingori chepfu kuna miti. Kuti vave anobatsira, zvinokosha kuti tirambe slurry, aerate nayo, uye pamwe kushandisa zvinodhaka kuti kudzikamisa ph revarombo. Zvinodhura chaizvo.

Biogas - hwekare muitiro!

Masayendisiti asi nokukurumidza akaita kuti tifunge zvakaitika kuna China yekare uye India, apo vakawanda BC vanhu vakatanga kushandisa methane zvinoberekwa panguva kugaya weimba tsvina. Zvadaro raishandiswa kunyanya pakubika.

Gas Nokurasikirwa dzaiva dzakakura kwazvo, asi kurerutsa nayo zvakakwana homuweki. Panzira, munyika idzi, vakadaro mhinduro uchipinda kushandiswa nanhasi. Nokudaro, biogas serimwe rinogona kutsiva simba manyuko rine zvakawanda kana isu kutaura nyaya nokushandiswa michina ano.

Michina rave aronga tsvina kubudiswa zvipfuwo emakambani, somugumisiro iyo goho zvakachena methane. Chinetso pakukura ndechokuti zvisikwa izvozvo makambani anogona chete munyika pamwe dzakabudirira mhuka. Mukuwedzera, tarisiro kuwedzera biogas kugadzirwa dererei, chikuru pamusoro-purazi kushandiswa inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye detergents kuti kunyange nhamba duku kuchititadzisa chinovira, zvichiguma zvose mupfudze akafuka chakuvhuvhu.

mhepo emagetsi

Rangarirai Don Quixote ne "hofori" ake? Pfungwa kushandisa simba mhepo kare vanogumurwa pfungwa masayendisiti, asi nekuti chaizvo nokukurumidza vakawana nzira yokubuda: mahwindimiri vakatanga kugara kupa kukurumidza kukura madhorobha vakawanda hwakatsetseka mukuru-mugiredhi.

Chokwadi, apo wokutanga remagetsi, pfungwa masayendisiti zvakare vakatora pfungwa yakafanana. Sei aigona handina kuda kushandisa simba guru pamusoro mhepo kuti vaunze vakasununguka simba?

Pfungwa iyi akakurumidza akaiswa tsika, asi nekuda muJapan, Denmark, Ireland uye United States vari munzvimbo zvino vazhinji apo nerubatsiro magetsi 80 muzana kana kupfuura rinoitwa kuburikidza nokushandisa mhepo turbines. MuUnited States uye Israeri, nhasi kare vanopfuura gumi nevaviri makambani zvinokura akaisa mhepo emagetsi - ichi aizobudirira chaizvo nzira simba zvinyorwa. Tsanangudzo "dzisiri chinyakare" harisi chaizvo zvakakodzera, sezvo simba mhepo kwakabvira kare.

Zvinetso kana ravo riri kushaikwa. Chokwadi, magetsi inotengwa pachena, asi kuisa hwindimiri munodazve kunzvimbo yerenje, apo vakawanda gore mhepo inovhuvhuta. Uyezve, mari mukugadzira uye kugadzwa mukuru-simba remagetsi (ane rechikepe nokukwirira anoverengeka makumi ezviuru metres), makumi ezviuru zvemadhora. Saka mari "vakasununguka" magetsi murege nyika yose ine chaizvo zvinoita Chizvarwa ano simba mhepo iri chaizvo.

Fusion simba

Ndizvo zvamakarota mukuru yefizikisi zhinji ano. kudzora mashoko yenyukireya maitiro basa rakatanga 50s remakore rapfuura, asi achiri kushanda reactor akanga kumbowana. Zvisinei, nhau kubva fronts zviri zvikuru netariro, vaongorori vanoti zviri akatevera 20-30 Makore, vachiri achakwanisa kuumba kushanda kumumvuri.

Zviya, sei bazi ichi sayenzi inokosha zvakadaro? Chokwadi ndechokuti kana maatomu maviri hydrogen nehelium anogadzirwa mazana ezviuru nguva yakawanda simba pane kana vakawira vega chiuru shoma uranium exchange nuclei! Mumatanda ose transuranic zvinhu zvikuru, asi vari zvishoma kuitwa kwezvinoshandiswa. Kana kushandiswa vaunze rehydrogen simba, chete izvozvo kwakachengetwa panyika zvinokwana mazana zvemakore.

Fungidzira chitsidzo reactor kuti anogona kushanda pasina refueling kwemakumi emakore, ichipa chose magetsi guru mutorwa hwaro! A Fusion kungaitwa pane simba zvinyorwa - iri rinoshanda mukana vanhu vose, achipa mukana nokuparura yakakura nzvimbo kudziongorora.

Zvinosuruvarisa kuti kusakwana mune zvemichina kwazvo. Chekutanga, pachine pasisina kana shoma kushanda kumumvuri, uye kufambira mberi mune mirayiridzo iyi vave kwazvo, refu chaizvo nguva. Kubvira ipapo, zvishoma vakanzwa vamwe mberi chaiyo.

Chechipiri, maererano Fusion chiedza nuclei vakaumba guru uwandu chiedza neutrons. Kunyange mafungu Masvomhu anoratidza kuti pezvokuvamba reactor mumakore mashanu, zvokuti radioactive kuti zvinhu zvavo achaparadzwa, zvachose yazova. Muchidimbu, unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu izvi zvikuru kukwana, asi ayo tarisiro vachiri kujeka. Zvisinei, kunyange kana chiri chokwadi kanenge imwe ine vanofungidzira ichi unconventional nzira simba panobva aigona zvechokwadi kuva ruponeso chaicho yose yebudiriro yedu.

masaisai emvura dzemapurisa

The rengano dzavanhu venyika vanogona kuwana yakawanda anotaura masimba naMwari kuti vatungamirire nemafungu. Man akafuridzirwa simba mabayo yakakura kuti kutyaira miviri mvura kwakadaro.

Chokwadi, pamwe kukura indasitiri vanhu zvakare akatendeuka ake anopenya pamusoro naTidhari simba kuti anobvumirwa kusika simba, zvikurukuru vachidzokorora pfungwa kuti kuedzwa kwenguva refu uye zvakanaka nekusimba HPP. Advantages - chisingakoshi simba, zvachose kusavapo inokuvadza dongo uye kudikanwa nyika nemafashamo, sezvinowanzoita pamwe hydropower miti. The drawback - kwemitengo yezvinhu kuvakwa.

zvakawanikwa

Somugumisiro, tinogona kutaura kuti non-kwakajairika renewable simba anogona vanenge 70% kupa vanhu vane kutengeka uye yakachena magetsi, asi kushandisa kwavo vakawanda zvakafanira kudzikisa mutengo kwemichina.