Alija Izetbegovic, President wenyika Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Biography

Alija Izetbegovic ndomumwe wevaya nhamba dzakaitika vamire pakutanga kuvambwa ehurumende. Kunyange zvazvo nhoroondo yenyika, akaenda kuburikidza chiitiko ichi, asi panguva iyoyo basa raro Regional zviitiko zviri zvakawanda. State of Bosnia and Herzegovina akanga Izetbegovic asina muduku zvakasikwa, asi tinoda kudzidza uye zvimwe noupenyu murume uyu. Saka, ngationei kuti mashoko Biography pamusoro Alija Izetbegovic.

Rakatanga genus Izetbegovic

Alija Izetbegovic sekuru aiva muMuslim aristocrat necheSalvic mavambo Izet-pemha Jahic, vaigara muBelgrade sehofisi hweTurkey. It vakabva kwaari zita purezidhendi yemberi Bosnia and Herzegovina. Asi pashure hweOttoman Empire akamanikidzwa kubvuma rusununguko Serbia muna 1868 kuti mubve vake mauto, Izet Bey akanga aine mudzimai wake, Hanim Zimbabwe Turk Sydykov, vatamire Bosnia. Pano muna Basanski Šamac vakanga vana vashanu, kusanganisira Mustafa, baba Alija Izetbegovic.

Muna 1878, Bosnia and Herzegovina akapfuura ari condominium chaiko pasi pakati hweAustria-Hungary, asi Izet-pemha pamwe chete nemhuri yake vakasarudza kutama kunzvimbo idzi. Muna 1908, Austria-Hungary yakatora nharaunda zvachose. Zvichakadaro Izet-pemha akatanga kunakidzwa mukurumbira mukuru pakati veko, uyo, sezvaakaita, vakawanda vaiva necheSalvic vaMuslim. Izvi runoratidzwa ndechokuti Izet Bey akasarudzwa meya muna Basanski Šamac.

Nokukurumidza paakatanga kumbonyanya inonetsa. Serbian Patriot, Gavrilo Princip muna 1914 akaita gandanga chiito, akauraya Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand kuSarajevo, guta guru Bosnia, ipapo muridzi korona rweAustro-Hungary. Izvi wakatsamwisa War World Wokutanga. Izet-pemha kubetsera mana vokuSerbia avo vakatambudzwa yeAustria nemauto chokuita nyaya.

Mwanakomana Izet-pemha uye baba purezidhendi yemberi Bosnia and Herzegovina Mustafa akawana dzidzo bhukukipa. MuHondo Yenyika I sezvo mugari Austria-Hungary, akarwa hondo ehurumende. On the Italian mberi, Mustafa zvakaipisisa akuvara, chinokurwadzai mamiriro pedo muviri, umo akanga anenge 10 nemakore.

Kunyange zvakadaro, Mustafa akaroora musikana ainzi Hiba, akaroora kuti asati aberekwa Aliya ivo vakaberekerwa vaviri vanakomana navanasikana vaviri.

Birth uye mangwanani makore oupenyu Alija Izetbegovic

Alija Izetbegovic akaberekwa muna August 1925 mune Bosnian muguta Basanski Šamac. Pashure mabasa ake Akaberekwa mumhuri yakakura yakanga isina kunaka chaizvo. baba vake Mustafa ichiparidza zvokutengeserana, asi iye pashure pemakore maviri Alia aberekwa, akamanikidzwa kuzivisa kusauka. Gore rakatevera mhuri yakatamira guru guta mudunhu - kuSarajevo.

The political mamiriro ezvinhu munyika

Nepo nharaunda kuitwa Bosnia and Herzegovina yaiva chikamu choUmambo vokuSerbia, vokuCroatia uye vokuSlovenia, kuumbwa pashure peHondo Yenyika I muna 1918 kuburikidza kwemapazi umambo Serbia pamwe Balkan chikamu defunct hweAustria-Hungary, raisanganisira Bosnia. Mubatanidzwa rakanga pasi netsvimbo youshe Serbian mambo Aleksandra Karageorgievicha, uyo, zvisinei, akanga rakaderedzwawo kwazvo kodzero dzavo.

Kutanga muna 1921, zvakawanda Mambo vakafunga hofisi kusvikira makore mana pashure pokuberekwa Alija Izetbegovic (1929) haana kuita nevapanduki. Somugumisiro chimurenga ichi Aleksandr Karageorgievich akagamuchira nemasimba okudzvinyirira, uye hurumende vava zita idzva - Umambo Yugoslavia. Akabva vakarambidza ose ezvematongerwe enyika nemasangano.

Kutya Centrifugal mafungiro, mambo kuramba rakaderedzwawo kodzero uye rusununguko vemunyika. Hurumende yakakamurwa kupinda mumatunhu - Banovina, izvo inoona nezvenjodzi Hakupindirani pamwe kare yakasimbiswa kumatunhu, akavakamura gura. Chinangwa Aleksandra Karageorgievicha chaiva ibatane zvose rinobva mumarudzi akawanda uye multi-vezvitendero vakawanda munyika vari chete dzinza - the Yugoslavs. Kuita izvi, namambo haana vasade kunyange utongi nzira, iyo muropa zvakakonzera pfundepfunde nevamwe vanhu. Izvi pakupedzisira kupondwa King Croatian vezvourudzi muna 1934. Hurumende itsva vava netsika rapprochement pamwe yechiFascist bloc (Germany uye Italy).

youth

Yakanga iri zvaiitika akatanga ake ezvematongerwo enyika yemberi President of Zimbabwe muBosnia and Herzegovina. Pakazosvika nguva webato mabasa zvapera kugadziriswa. Kunyange nemakore gumi, Alija Izetbegovic akabatana sangano "hunhu Young vaMuslim 'yechitendero-enyika. Gore rakatevera, hondo Nazi Germany yakarwisa Yugoslavia. The nyika chaizvoizvo kubatikana, uye zvomoto rusununguko remagandanga kufamba rinotungamirirwa yeutongi Tito uye Mihailovic monarchist. Bosnia yakava chikamu richangobva kuumbwa State yeCroatia, yaiva Satellite muGermany.

Pasinei neizvi, muna 1943, Alija Izetbegovic sekondari. Pashure paizvozvo, akapinda College of Agricultural Division. Panguva ino basa rake SS "Hazhar 'Islamic kupesana. Asi nokukurumidza mauto aHitler vakadzingwa yose Yugoslavia, uye nyika pamwe vatsigire Soviet Union, vaKomonisiti vakasvika simba, akatungamirirwa Yosifom Broz Tito.

dissident kumwedzi

Ndapedza kubva kukoreji Izetbegovic akanzi kuhondo. Pane vechiduku kurovedzera muMuslim vakatanga chaizvo chitendero anoparadzirwa. Nokuti ichi, uyewo kuita imwe wakarambidzwa utongi hwechiKomonisiti kuti "vaMuslim Young" muna 1946, akatongerwa makore matatu mujeri.

Muna 1949, Izetbegovic akasunungurwa. Muna 1956 iye kudzidza panguva vakanyoresa Profile, akapedza kudzidza University muSarajevo. Mugore iroro mwanakomana wake akaberekwa Bakir Izetbegovic.

Apedza kudzidza aishanda Izetbegovic zano akawanda zvokufambisa makambani. Zvisinei, haana kukanganwa pamusoro zvematongerwo enyika, vachishingaira vachitora chikamu mukushanda Semi-pamutemo hunhu masangano Muslim.

mabhuku

Muna 1970 akabudisa "kwechiIslam Declaration". Tinoonga bhuku rino, nyika yose vaiziva kuti Alija Izetbegovic. "The Islamic Declaration" kundodana pakagadzwa munharaunda vechimoziremu muBalkans, kuti akanga akashinga kwazvo zviri yeutongi hwechiKomonisiti. Kunyange vaongorori vakawanda ano vanodavira basa azadzwa Islamic fundamentalism.

Muna 1983, Izetbegovic akatongerwa makore 14 ari mujeri pamusana vachiedza recreate sangano "vaMuslim Young". Kunyange ari mujeri, akakwanisa kunyora uye pasi kuda bhuku rake rechipiri aikosha - ". Islam pakati East uye West"

Prison namazariro yaisakwana kutiza vakafunga manhamba sezvo Alija Izetbegovic akadaro. Books iyi enyika mufananidzo yakakurumbira pakati vaMuslim vakawanda multiethnic Yugoslavia.

nguva yokuti kuchinja

Zvisinei, pakazopera iri 80 ies ose XX remakore muupenyu zvematongerwo enyika Yugoslavia, uyewo zvose kunyika iri mugovanisi kwomusasa, mave kuchinja. Society rava democratized. Muna 1989, Izetbegovic akasunungurwa nguva isati yakwana.

Kunyange zvazvo nyika ichiri vakavhura utongi hwechiKomonisiti, asi kuti nguva yakanga akabvumira akawanda hurongwa. Izvi akabvumira Izetbegovic chaizvo gore rinouya mushure kwake pokusunungurwa, kuronga enyika itsva simba, iyo akawana zita "Democratic Action Party." Mberi kubva sangano iri, akava nhengo uye ipapo sachigaro Vatungamiri Bosnia and Herzegovina, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva chikamu Yugoslavia. Kutaura zvazviri, Izetbegovic akava musoro reYugoslavia zvokuvhoterwa.

hondo

Mukutanga 90-ies muBosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), uyewo mamwe chinoda zviri kuparara Yugoslavia, yakava pachimiro hondo ropa. Muna 1991 zvokuvhoterwa ichi rinotungamirirwa Izetbegovic, uyo akatora pamusoro semutungamiri, akazivisa kwayo rusununguko. Izvi zvakanga asatenderwe zvido Croatia uye Serbia, BiH akanga achironga kugovera pachavo.

War akawana kwaiparadza akamboona. In vadzore, Izetbegovic akanga kunyange kusungwa, uye chaizvoizvo akabatwa uto reYugoslavia, asi akazobudiswa mukutsinhana kwavo vakasununguka kubva muSarajevo.

Muna 1995, Bosnian vaMuslim, vakabatanidzwa pamwe chete Croatian mauto akuvadzwa chikuru kukundwa kuna vokuSerbia.

Gore iroro, kuti Dayton Agreement akanga yakasainwa pamwe yezviri US Mediation pakati vatungamiriri Bosnia, Serbia uye Croatia, riri chokwadi akapedza Bosnian hondo.

The Bosnia itsva uye Herzegovina

It Dayton nheyo ano enyika ezvinhu Bosnia and Herzegovina. mamiriro ichi razova of facto mubatanidzwa raiumbwa Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska uye Brcko District.

Kubvira muna 1996, Bosnia and Herzegovina akava zvokuvhoterwa yeparamende uye chabvisa pambiru purezidhendi. The yoku- mamiriro Alija Izetbegovic, kwaitsigirwa kuti nhengo Presidium, ari kusvikira 2000.

rufu

Alija Izetbegovic akafira October 2003 mu guru Bosnia and Herzegovina pazera makore 78. Rufu zvinokonzerwa mwoyo nezvinetso zvakakomba. Akavigwa kumakuva kuSarajevo "Kovači".

Muna 2006, guva purezidhendi Bosnia and Herzegovina chakabudiswa Varidza vachitidzidzisa vandals.

mhuri

Alija Izetbegovic akanga akaroora mukadzi ainzi Khalid. Kufanana ose vakirisito Muslim, iye yakaitwa mumumvuri wake, kwete kutungamirira upenyu paruzhinji.

Muna 1956, kuSarajevo muwanano yavo akaberekwa mumwe oga mwana - mwanakomana Bakir. Sezvo 2010 Bakir Izetbegović ndiko sakare, baba vake, nhengo Presidium of vaMuslim muBosnia. Ane mwanasikana Jasmina, izvo anowira muzukuru Alia Izetbegovic.

Tikwanise kupima of

Sezvaunogona kuona, Alija Izetbegovic chaiva pamakakatanwa enyika mufananidzo, asi chokwadi, akaita rakakura kwete chete munhoroondo nharaunda, asiwo munhoroondo yenyika yose. Kudivi rimwe, ndiwo panguva World Second collaborated nemasangano hwechiFascist, uye zvakazivikanwa sezvo vechiIslam anoparadzira mashoko ane mabasa bordered pamusoro fundamentalism. Uyewo, kune pamwero mukuru nzvimbo yayo, zvisinei, kufanana nezvimwe inofananidza enyika nguva, zvichikuchidzira ropa hondo Bosnian.

Ukuwo, zvikurukuru nemhaka kuitwa ake akauya kubatidza wechiduku akazvimirira Hurumende - Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mukuwedzera, kukwanisa kutaurirana chaiva unhu akonzera kuti kwemamiriro Dayton Kunoenderana uye nokudaro kugumisa hondo.