Abstrakti expressionism

Abstract Expressionism yakabuda muNew York muna 1940-1950-ies uye nokukurumidza akava mumwe kupfuura simba uye simba kufamba munhoroondo unyanzvi ano. Building pamusoro nebudiriro European chains-garde uri, boka vemifananidzo inonziwo "expressionists tiivistelmä" (kana "New York School"), akaita akakudziridza abstraction itsva yaiva zvose nyore uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa.

Pakati Artists vakanga vari sangano, Willem de Kooning, Dzhekson Pollak, Barnett Newman, Clifford zvakadaro, Frants Klayn, Lee Krasner, Robert Washington, William Baziotis, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, Richard Pousette-Dart. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe kiyi kwokufananidzira Abstract Expressionism vaiva vatama, kusanganisira Mark Rothko, Gans Gofman, Arshile Gorky, zvakanga wokutanga kufamba zvachose American mu art. New York yakava guta idzva romubati utsanzi kwemakore anouya, "anotorera" panguva Paris Modern Art nguo mutungamiri. In New York, iye akasika mutauro kutarisana, iyo kwazvo nokukurumidza kusvika kupfuura kure makona nyika.

The zita "tiivistelmä expressionism" yakawanikwa kubva wemishonga mupfungwa kuchinyanya mamirire German Expressionist ne "antiobraznymi" dzidziso European tiivistelmä zvikoro (futurism syncretic Cubist).

Uyezve, anonzi ane anarchic, inokosha chaizvo, kunyange dzimwe pfungwa nihilism kufamba. In tsika, shoko racho rinoreva chero nhamba nenyanzvi kushanda New York mu akasiyana zvachose siyana, hapana, hapana nzira haagoni rinorondedzerwa chekare kana husingaoneki expressionism.

Paintings izvi Artists rokusika kuwedzera pamwero mukuru basa rine chokuita nevanhu vakawanda vaibvuma rakaitirwa unyanzvi uye thematically. It chinoratidza dzavo subconscious nomumwe, saka vakaedza kuwana zvakasikwa zvinorwisana zvinyorwa. Spontaneity uye improvisation vaiva zvinhu zvakakwirira kwazvo rokusika muitiro. Kunyange zvazvo mabasa chaihwoihwo expressionists "kurwisa" chero manyorero kupatsanura, vanogona kuva dzikarongwa kumativi huru mbiri zvaunofarira: ritaure simba nesimba chiratidzo; Kufungisisa, Akanyanyosimbisa pabani nzvimbo ruvara. Chero zvazvingava, mufananidzo, pakutanga kwezvose, imwe abstraction. Kunyange kana mufananidzo inobva kuona chokwadi, husingaoneki expressionist vaifarira nzira, "kurasika pfungwa."

Abstract Expressionism muhurukuro akapoteredza dzakasiyana-siyana pindana mumwe kumwewo. vemifananidzo Vakawanda vavo matanho okutanga mukutanga 1930s. The Great Depression kwakamutsa chidzoke vaviri unyanzvi kufamba: Ridzhionalizm uye Sotsiorealizm. Asi hapana akanga hariguti vemifananidzo izvi pavaitsvaka unyanzvi tigutsikane simba kukosha, kunoratidza pfungwa evanhu basa, asi panguva imwe chete vakasununguka kubva provincialism uye haachaoni nechimiro chokureva enyika. Uyu ndiwo mumwe zhinji kutsanangura zviri kufamba, vane midzi vavete yokufananidzira mufananidzo pamusoro 1930s. Inenge ose Abstract Expressionists vakanga "akarova" riri zvakaitika Depression Great, unyanzvi hwavo akakura pasi pokudzora Ridzhionalizma uye Sotsiorealizma. Uyewo rwakagadzirira nzira zvemberi American makanaka migumisiro uye kuitwa kuti European modernism. Mumakore iwayo muNew York, akaronga kuratidzira vakawanda European chains-garde uri, mukuwedzera, kwaiva ekudzidzisa modernism. The mudzidzisi aipfuura panguva uri muUnited States ava Gans Gofman, uyo akatamira kuUnited States kubva Germany zvachose muna 1932.

Matambudziko First World War uye nemigumisiro ayo kiyi kunzwisisa matambudziko okugadzira zvinhu zvakaoma expressionists. Young vemifananidzo, kunetseka rima divi revanhu, kudisa muchinzwisisa musoro maitiro uye munjodzi vanhu aiona basa ravo kutaura matambudziko aya ari unyanzvi, asi mune imwe itsva kwayo kugutsikana.

Direct nevanhu vemifananidzo European kwakawedzera panguva Second World War, izvo zvakaita vakawanda, kusanganisira Salvador Dali, Maksa Ernsta, André Masson, André Breton, Piet Mondrian, Fernand Léger, tizirai muUnited States. Surrealists, nokusimbisa yavo kuziva "subconscious", akazarura zvitsva zvinobvira. A nzira surrealistic kusunungura kuti "vanoziva" - vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga automatism, umo ane otomatiki wevaFiripi uye improvisation vanogamuchira rusununguko chiito.

Pakutanga, Abstract Expressionists kundotsvaka isingachinji misoro uye hwachinja kufuridzirwa kuti ngano uye zvekare nounyanzvi. Mark Rothko, Dzhekson Pollak, Robert Washington, Adolf Gotlib, Barnett Newman, William Baziotis nokuda kwavo pachishandiswa mashoko akatsvaka achifuridzirwa mutsika yekare kana chinyakare. mabasa vekare vemifananidzo vanoratidza hwezvaizoitika uye biomorphic zvinhu zviri dzikwanise nomumwe Codes. Jung akanga inonakidza uye zvepfungwa, yayo zvinotaura "seboka chavanoziva." Direct okuti kwaikosha zvikuru, uye zvakanakisisa kubudirira pasina kufunga (nokuronga).

Panguva padariro vakasimba tiivistelmä expressionism, muna 1947, Dzhekson Pollok akasika rakasiyana nzira - huchidonha kana richierera (a kanivhasi hombe, ndokuisa pasi pasi, iye akarisasa pendi ine bhurasho).

Willem de Kooning yakatangawo kwake unyanzvi gestural Style - hasha, pasty "Kurohwa-shamhu" pakusika vanonzi "abstraction yokufananidzira."

Lee Krasner, uye Frants Klayn vaiva zvakafanana vakabatikana nesangano rimwe simba chokunyengetera. uri, umo mumwe chidimbu pamufananidzo ikazara (Lee Krasner akadana manyorerwo "hieroglyphic" kupenda).

Nokuti basa chaihwoihwo expressionists ukoshi iri nyore kutaura. Painting ndiyo yokutanga kwe the artist wechokwadi. A chiratidzo kana "siginicha" womufananidzo - uchapupu Zvisikwa kwacho.

Imwe nzira iri nguva vakasimba tiivistelmä expressionism yakanga uchitsvaka emashoko yaibvira ruvara. Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman akasika unyanzvi guru zvinowanika ruvara ndege - "nyore kuratidza kunzwisisa pfungwa," maererano Mark Rothko.

Isingaori kufarira tiivistelmä expressionism kunoratidza kuzvitsaurira kuna vanoita ayo kutaura kiyi rezvedzidzo dzenzvimbo nguva yake, kusanganisira existentialism uye Jungian zvepfungwa (zvakakodzera kuyeuka, iyo akava chinokosha muupenyu expressionism mu mavakirwo kuchangotanga). Kunyange zvazvo existentialism aiva mutsindo simba pamusoro Abstract Expressionists, asi akapa kuti zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe mwoyo uye kuparadzaniswa azara nzwisisika nhaurirano.

For vatsoropodzi vakawanda uye unyanzvi kare kubudirira tiivistelmä expressionists raimiririra apogee ari modernist kufamba, kwatanga kusvika zana remakore adarika.

Abstract expressionism kuramba kugara kukosheswa kwete chete munhoroondo mumabhuku ounyanzvi uye miziyamu akaunganidzwa, asiwo paruzhinji kuziva. yakwidzwa refu nayo kwakadaro, hapana mubvunzo, ndizvo testamendi kune zvakadzama kubudirira.