Zvirwere mbatatisi uye kuchinja. Matapiri: zvipukanana uye zvirwere

The mbatatisi rinokura zvakanaka chero ekunze. Iye inobvumira acidic ivhu, asi kukohwa akavandudzika zvikuru pashure liming. A yakawanda mwando, uye chiedza Chokwadi, chete mamiriro ezvinhu mbatatisi kukura. Kunyange pasi akanaka ezvinhu, tsika munjodzi utachiona hunokuvadza, utachiona uye utachiona. Pano tiri kutarisa inokosha matambudziko uye inoshanda mapedzero ichatibatsira kukunda kwete chete akauya mienzaniso, asi kudzivirira zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvakafanana. Pasinei nokuti goho kuti mbatatisi mhando husingakwanisi kunopera nenyunje, nematode, kana panofunuka, chirwere uye tupukanana vachiri kuramba kuparadza zvirimwa. Asi muvengi ose pane ake chombo.

Zvirwere mbatatisi vavo masimba

A vazhinji vavengi siyana mbatatisi yekudyidzana akazoita pamwero okukohwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwete chete notumwe nezvipembenene, asiwo mavhairasi yekutapurira ari tubers uye namabukira uye kudzivirira zvakajairika kukura. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvinokosha kupedza matanho usati kudyara uye panguva kukura, kuchengeta mbatatisi yenyu. Zvirwere uye tupukanana kukonzera rakakura kukuvara, saka zvakanakisisa kushandisa mari uye kubvisa pachako pamusoro ruzivo pane kurasikirwa hafu ndeyezvokwadi.

Kushandiswa chepfu uye mishonga akazoita muviri unhu nembatatisi, kunogona kukuvadza uye ngozi kwete chete nokuda zvinobatsira tumbuyu, mhuka neshiri, asiwo vanhu. Zvirwere mbatatisi vavo kudzora zvinoda vainyatsotarisirwa asati kudyara. Ngatikurukurei zvakadzama zvose zvipenyu yavo ichi zvinhu. Nokuti kuitwa mashoko ari munyaya zvizere pane mufananidzo mbatatisi zvirwere uye tupukanana zviri parasitic pamusoro tubers.

wireworms

Wireworms - a enhunzi mazana, wireworms. Chinhu chiduku pfumbu Tupukanana 12-15 mm. Zita akagamuchira nokuti anoita nekudzvanya ruzha, kudzokera ake netsoka dzakapfava ake. Mumwe hadzi mazai pakati 50 uye 200 muchirimo, uye iro rinowanika muchiedza zloschastnyj wireworms. Mazana anogona kuparadza zvirimwa rose, saka pakutanga zvose zvakafanira kuidzivirira kubva notupukanana pachavo.

Pakurwisa wireworm

Pane nzira nhatu dzinokosha kurwisa chisvetasimba ichi:

1. Akanatsa mbatatisi strung pamusoro kamuti uye akavigwa pasi iri vanenge 7 masendimita. Zviri nani kuti vakawanda matapiri izvi kufukidza nzvimbo huru. The mazana ose watinya zvipembenene kuunganidza pamusoro payo, uye mazuva mana gare gare achava kare kuva kuchera nacho. Achaparadza tupukanana vachange vachishandisa Kubika mvura kana moto.
2. Kana kudyara nembatatisi muvhu ugodira mafuta sunflower pamwe dzakarukwa zvakanaka zvakohwewa goko of mazai. mhinduro yakadaro achauraya wireworms asati zvikanzwika matapiri. Nzira iyi ichabereka kwete chete kubva wireworm, dzimwe dzakawanda kupikidura tumbuyu vari akaurayiwa yakadaro mhinduro, semuenzaniso, norwaivhi cricket.
3. Mavhiki maviri asati kudyara kuchera muvhu zviyo tsanga - vanenge 2-3 matendere muzana mativi mita. Wireworms Kunokwezva kwete mbatatisi chete, mazana hunofadza uye nokuunganidza akapoteredza tsanga. Kana zviyo kumera, unogona kuchera kumusoro, zvinotorera mazana uzvipise kana kudurura mvura kufashaira.

Late nenyunje

Late nenyunje (Phytophthora) - haasi chete chikonzero yokurasikirwa domatisi chirimwa, asiwo vakawanda zvirwere mbatatisi, uye kuchinja kunokosha kuti varimi vose, pasinei chirimwa. Potato mushakabvu nenyunje kunonyanya inokuvadza, sezvo kwevhiki mbiri inogona kombera munda zvose. Nokurasikirwa vanosvika 70% of chirimwa. Late nenyunje rinopararira kuburikidza fungal spores, izvo zvinoita kuti kutamira nekukurumidza pevhu uye zvirwere tubers.

Mumazuva chitarisiko mukupera nenyunje mangwanani rinowanikwa achiipa nemashizha. Uyewo pasi parutivi bepa anooneka chena unhani. Izvi hunovambira spores yacho chakuvhe. Vanowira pasi, yekutapurira murume mbatatisi nemidzi uye zvibereko. A gare gare tubers duku ngapaonekwe shava makwapa.

Pakurwisa mukupera nenyunje

Inokuvadza chakuvhe inoda matanho makuru kunzwisisa. Saka, unofanira:

• Kushandisa mbatatisi mhando husingakwanisi kunonoka kukanganiswawo.
• Vakasarudzwa noutano tubers kuti kudyara.
• Bata tubers fungicidal nevamiririri.
• Kana tanga spud zvakakodzera.
• Kuwedzera dose kuti phosphorus-potassium fetiraiza.
• Shandisa fetiraiza ine mhangura, kana spraying ane mhinduro hwemhangura sulfate.
• Bvisa misoro pamberi pakukohwa.

nematode

"Nematode" chirwere haisi utachiona uye kwete utachiona uye nemaziso honye, mumwe chisvetasimba pamusoro mbatatisi. Ongorora Kuwanikwa chipembenene nyore, kana nemiti vooma, uye mashizha awo duku vane kwemashifiti kana kunyange rakachenuruka ruvara, iro nematode iri. Pamakwenzi vane simba uye zviduku midzi. Muna July, midzi izvi vachava vashoma balls (nehafu millimeter) pamwe yakatesvera panyanga dzacho diki. Izvi nematode vanhukadzi, kana vachirambira kutanga, ungadzokera cysts, izvo zvinochengeterwa pasi kwemakore 15. The chikofu iri vanenge 600 mazai nehonye.

kudzora nematodes

Pashure pakuonekwa nematodes vanofanira kumirira kanenge 6 makore asati adyara nzvimbo zvakare. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nzira.

Matapiri mangwanani kana kusagadzikana nematode mugwaro mabhokisi ukapisa murwi mumwe rukoko rikatsatikira pamwe mafufu uye peat akarima mazuva 20. Pashure pemazuva 50, kukohwa aunganidzwa, uye nharaunda iri vakachenesa kwazvo kubva kumusoro. Nzvimbo pacharo chinodyarwa pamwe bhinzi kana zviyo. Izvi zvichaita kuchenesa ivhu kubva honye kubudikidza vanenge 70%.

Kana nzvimbo kudyara rye, zviri kuderedza vanhu yacho chisvetasimba.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mbatatisi nematode kunokwezva kupfuura zvimwe zvirimwa.

gwati

Rakajairika pashure mukupera nenyunje kuti mbatatisi chirwere - gwati. It kuipa unhu, marketable tuber starch uye lowers navo kusvika 30%. The goho ipfupi zvinenge nehafu. Panguva okuchengetera utachiona tubers vari vaifurirwa kuora.

The causative nomumiririri womuapuro pakafunuka chinhu chakuvhe - the chakuvhe wakaisvonaka. The matapiri panoparadzana mwoyo kuburikidza lenticels uye zvokuimba kukuvadza, achiumba pamusoro pemvura nemaronda, izvo batanidza pamwe chete uye dzinoumba koko tishu. Tuber anooneka chena unhani - vanopenya mycelium of chakuvhe. Kana akaoma, ivo kunyangarika, uye nyama inenge kuchinja.

Kune mhando shanu maronda:

• Flat. Zvinokanganisawo ganda vaduku tubers iro ganda ichioma.
• Yepasi. Rinotaura siyana tubers pajira riya grooves.
• Convex. Rinooneka muchimiro dzegirini, iyo gare gare akaputirwa namamota.
• Deep. Deep nemaronda-siyana vakakomba hwatsvuka peel they and and. Kuoneka kana kukohwa mbatatisi.
• Convex-zvakadzama. Mubatanidzwa marudzi maviri kukuvara. Growths pamwe nemaronda yakadzika uye misodzi paganda.

Gwati utachiona zvinochengeterwa pasi kwemakore akawanda. Vane dzisisina nokuda yaivhuvhuta okunze zvinhu zvabatwa kunyange kwemvura uye ane tembiricha -30 ° C. Hot uye yakaoma ekunze panguva maruva kunoita chirwere chete.

nguva dzose panobva chirwere ndiye ivhu. Tubers kutapura mumwe asingagoni, saka vanogona kuchengetwa uye pamwechete.

Kurwisa gwati

Gwati zvakaoma kuchengeta zvakananga, saka hazvibviri kuponesa munhu kutapukirwa matapiri. Zvirwere uye tupukanana mamwe marudzi kunyange "akayambira" nezvechitarisiko chavo, asi zvose zvakanakisisa kubata pachine achibatsirwa maitiro anotevera:

• Chirimwa kutenderera.
• Kukudziridza nzvimbo zvakasvibirira mupfudze zvirimwa.
• Kushandiswa utano zvibereko nokuda kudyarwa.
• Kushandiswa asidhi fetiraiza.
• Kunyatsogadzirira.
• Kushandiswa nemishonga mhando.
• Kugara achidiridzira munguva mumwaka wokukura.

Alternaria

The chirwere yapararira kwese, apo mbatatisi vari akura. Chirwere uye kurapwa Solanaceae zvinomera zvakawanda zvichiri akadzidza kumaodzanyemba kunzvimbo, sapamazuva rwezasi yakanaka ezvinhu kuti kukura uye kupararira notumwe, izvo kune alternaria.

Zvichienderana nguva chirwere kungazviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana. Chirwere rinotanga pashure mvura kana dova rinorema. spores kuwira kuburikidza makatsemuka, zvokuimba kukuvara kana dzinongozviitikira dzegirini. Acid anotanga kuparadzana izvo chokumisa ora uye kufa. Yakaderera tembiricha kuvandudza zvishoma, asi mune inopisa ekunze chirwere ngozi kukanganisa chirimwa. Incubation Rinotora kusvika pavhiki.

Zviratidzo zvokutanga zviri kuonekwa ari maduku miti kusvikira masendimita 20. Gare gare mashizha kuonekwa shava makwapa. Under ezvinhu zvakanaka kuvandudza kunogona kuonekwa pazuva retatu. Papera chinguva, pane smoky-pfumbu conidia. Dzaparadzwa zvikamu zvinomera zviri kusimba uye munyoro.

Tubers kuonekwa Mabhuku eBraille rima makwapa nokuora, dzimwe nguva kunyange wrinkles. Pakupedzisira, tubers vanotanga kuora zasyhaya zvachose uye blackening.

Pakurwisa Alternaria

Kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu mbatatisi zvirwere zvavo kudzora zvinoda vainyatsotarisirwa. Pane nzira nhatu kuti adzivirire chirimwa:

1. Agronomy. Shandisa utano chete tichidyara zvokunyama, husingakwanisi chirwere, chirimwa kutenderera, chengetai uye usakanganwa kuti mhando matapiri vokutanga ndivo zvikuru kubatwa neutachiona. Mbeu zvakakodzera ushamwari mavhiki maviri wokutanga tembiricha anosvika 20 ° C. Panguva kuchengetwa, iva nechokwadi chokuti akanga asina utachiona tubers. Alternaria hunogona kutapukira kubva mumwe muchero mumwe. Bvisa misoro iri nenguva nenzira, zviri nani kupedza desiccation vachishandisa chaiwo Ezvemutauro.
2. Biology. Mwaya ari tubers asati yekudyara zvinodhaka "chinokosha", "Bactofit" kana "Planriz".
3. Chemical. Kugadzirira "We Ridomil Gold", "EDC" uye "Bravo" Achabvisira iwe zvose zviripo notumwe, tichivanyima hwomutambarakede kwezvakatipoteredza. Unogonawo mwaya matapiri ane mhinduro ine fungicide "Bamba" pamberi kumhara.

Zvirwere mbatatisi vavo kuzvidzora, uyewo mamwe zvipukanana, nguva dzose zvinoda vainyatsotarisirwa. Kukohwa zvinoenderana sei zvakanaka zvose zvinodiwa zvakasangana. Nyaya iyi haisi pasina anoratidza uye zvirwere pikicha mbatatisi, nokuti muvengi anofanira kuziva ari munhu.