Yoshkar-Ola: zvinokwezva, mapikicha uye wongororo

"Red City" - saka rinoshandurudza zita kuna Mari Mari El guta. Vose vaiva nomukana kuuya pano yapfuura, haana kuvanza kushamisika ake uye pfungwa akaita pamusoro pavo Yoshkar-Ola. Attractions pano zvechokwadi kujairika, vakawanda vavo akazviratidza ichangopfuura.

kubva kare

History of Yoshkar-Ola akatanga nenguva iyo kure apo nyika Mari yakanga yakatora kuRussia pashure pokukundwa ari Kazan Khanate mauto Ivana Groznogo nepakati remakore rechi16. Tsarev guta riri rwizi Kokshaga kana Tsarevokokshaisk, kutanga kutaurwa yaMakoronike muna 1584, kunyange zvazvo mhosva matongo, muna Mesolithic vanhu kare kugarwa nyika.

City akatanga aine nhare yakavakwa kudzivirira nyika uye kuitwa chete uto ushande. Akakwanisa gavhuna nhare, ane maoko vakava kwete chete vakuru vemauto asiwo administrative, fiscal nezvakatongwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuonekwa vatengesi, nyanzvi dzokugadzira, vanhuwo zvavo, vasina kazhinji akagara muguta uye vakatora nyika kumativi ose. Iri ndiro townsmen, nemisha nemisha.

nguva yedu

Modern Yoshkar-Ola akaumba munguva kubvira 1941 kusvika 1990 uye kuramba kuvakwa nhasi. Kunyanya zvakachinja rwayo apfuura makore 10, pashure pokunge "Capital" chepurogiramu akabvumirwa guta.

Updated guta mupfumi kare uye chikuru muzinda tsika Finno-Ugric ndudzi - ichi rinowanikwa kwatiri ano Yoshkar-Ola. Attractions kuti chokwadi kuonekwa - ndiyo tsika, nhoroondo uye mapurani pazvivako, tichiratidza dzakasiyana yakareba pakukura mudunhu. Pakati dzimba idzi akwegura, machechi, munhoroondo zvivako, dzinoungana, uye vakawanda zvivezwa. Basa rinokosha muupenyu tsika guta guru Mari El vari kutamba dzemitambo uye mamiziyamu.

dzemitambo

Risingakanganwiki chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo upenyu Yoshkar-Ola akapa zvose chaiwo siyana chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo art.

Muna 1968, zvichikonzerwa kutendeuka kubva Drama vasanganiswa Theatre. Mayorov-Shketan Music uye Drama Theater rakaumbwa. Muna 1994 zvakanzi kunzi. Saka pakanga Mari State Opera uye Ballet Theater. Eric Sapaev, ainzi Mari Soviet Munyori, munyori yokutanga National dhanzi. Hwaro hwayo sezvamunoita vapedza choreographic zvikoro uye conservatories muMoscow, Leningrad, Kazan, Perm, Gorky. Saka jaya mitambo uye kwokugara chikoro yenyika akatanga kuumbwa. Pachikuva kwayo wanunurwa vanenge 50 chaiwo uye panguva mabasa kutamba, dhanzi uye operetta unyanzvi uye vana dambe. Nhasi, ari repertoire zvinosanganisira National dhanzi "Aldiar" E. Arkhipova, "Akpatyr" Sapaev, ari kutamba "Forest ngano" munyori A. Luppova. Kudada Theater - magadzirirwo awo: ari kutamba "The Nutcracker" uye "Swan Lake" by Tchaikovsky, "Romeo uye Juliet" by Prokofiev, "Don Quixote" by Minkus. Makore 11 ari munhandare yemitambo mutambo yemarudzi "Winter nousiku" pamwe chikamu iri dhanzi uye kutamba vachitamba kubva Russia, Italy, Japan, America. Muna 2002, vakatanga kuita chete mutambo wenyika kuna Ballerina huru Galina Ulanova. Theater zvinobudirira vakatenderera kwete chete kuRussia asiwo kwose. Uyu China, Arab Emirates, Germany, South Korea, Central America, Taiwan, Lebanon uye dzimwe nyika. Nhasi, yemitambo anopindura chivako chitsva, yakavakwa kwete saka kare kwaari. By yokusimbisa nayo anonzi akaisvonaka muna Volga mudunhu.

Mari National Drama Theatre. Shketan, unova mukuru munyika, akatanga nhoroondo yacho pamwe mudzidzi nezvinobvamo muna November 1919. Sezvo 1929, kwakatangwa nyanzvi tsika, iyo akazova mumwe zvakanakisisa kuRussia. Theater iri kuitika munyika theatre upenyu, apo kuramba kwavo zvitupa. Pakati mibayiro iye paakavapa "Golden Palm" - mubayiro of Association of dzemitambo European.

In guru Mari El Rezvemhosva Russian Drama Theater ainzi pashure G. Konstantinov, iro rakaumbwa muna 1919. In yayo budiriro pave vatungamirire zhinji. Basa rinokosha ndohwaJehovha chikuru mukuru Grigory Konstantinov, uyo akanga ari munzvimbo iyi kubva muna 1964 kusvika 1994. On kutanga muna 1993 akasikwa International Association of dzemitambo Russian, dzimbahwe riri mu Yoshkar-Ola. Muna September 1994, yemitambo ainzi Konstantinov. Padariro Russian Drama Theater dariro zvesimba ose chekare uye panguva mabasa. Pakati yakanakisisa inogona kunzi "Othello" by Shakespeare, "Mambo Theodore Ioanovich" A. K. Tolstogo, "dendere kuti Grouse" Rozov, "Easy Money" by Ostrovsky, "vaFirisitia" Gorky, "Hana" Pavlova.

Muna 1991 iri Yoshkar-Ola, pahwaro wokuRussia Drama Theater zita pashure Konstantinov, Mari Youth Theater wakavhurwa. Zvino ari repertoire kuti mitambo 35 kwakavakirwa mabasa munyika, Russian uye vatorwa Classics uye mutambo ano. Nokuti nguva pachikuva payo yaipiwa kupfuura 80 zvesimba vana uye vakuru vari Mari uye mitauro Russian. Troupe nguva anoenderera mberi rwavakaita mhiri Russia uye kunze.

mamiziyamu

History, tsika, tsika uye upenyu Mari vanhu zvinoratidzwa pakati muunganidzwa Mumamiziyamu ari Yoshkar-Ola kwakasiyana-siyana.

Museum nhoroondo weguta Yoshkar-Ola iri muunganidzwa matongo zvinhu, heraldry, ethnography, mabasa akanaka kwazvo uye vakashandisa unyanzvi, mifananidzo. Zvinonzi muNzvimbo maviri-storey pakuvaka tsvuku chidhinha, iyo yakavakwa muna 1911 muguta pakati. imba iyi, zvino akazivisa kare uye mapurani Monument munyika kukosha, aiva akakurumbira omunharaunda vatengesi Timber vatengesi Chulkov. Mumwe aimbova zvavatengesi muimba ine chivako chikuru, imwe outbuilding uye magedhi ibwe, izvo yakashongedzwa Art Nouveau zvinhu. The zvachose inoratidzirwa rinopa nhoroondo Yoshkar-Ola kubva 1584 kusvika 1917. Vashanyi vachadzidza nezvemavambo kweguta-nhare Tsarevo, pamusoro sei yakavakwa, ayo kukura, upenyu uye netsika vagari, zvichaitirwa vanhu vakakurumbira. mwaka mumwe pane Category kuratidzira. Iye zvino, Museum of History paguta rimwe Yoshkar-Ola anogamuchira Photo kuratidzwa "City uye nguva." On nemamwe mifananidzo unogona kuona zvinodzidziswa Yoshkar-Ola mumakore siyana wekupedzisira remakore. Temporary kuratidzira vanoratidza upenyu guta ano, nezvevanakomana mabhizimisi, nhoroondo mumugwagwa, vagari okusika, charitable zviito.

Zvakarurama Folk Arts Museum yakavhurwa vaenzi muna 1999, mune chimwe chivako yakazivisa kwetsika nhaka Republic of Mari El. imba iri zvakagadzirwa pehuni openwork kuvesa yakavakwa mukutanga remakore rechi20. Pamberi chimurenga, yakanga muridzi nokuda yomunzvimbo dunhu kanzuru Lokhanov Muvaki. The miziyamu rinoratidza achabatira rwokugadzira, nhoroondo uye upenyu Mari vanhu. Total akaunganidza zvinhu vanenge 250, kusanganisira ethnographic zvinhu, mimwe yakaisvonaka unyanzvi uye ounyanzvi. Pano unogona kuona tsika zvokupfeka nezvakarukwa, nembariro fenicha, nemifananidzo yendiro, zviridzwa, chinoitwa mhizha. Museum of Zvakarurama Folk Arts anoronga mitambo yegore negore uye kuratidzira.

Muna 1961, nokuti gore wokuRussia wenziyo wokutanga, uyo akazova muvambi National nyanzvi music, yakavhurwa Memorial Museum JS Klyuchnikova-Palant. It riri mune yemapuranga imba apo munyori vakapedzera makore okupedzisira. The pashoo riri mumakamuri zvitatu anosikwa kumba midziyo vamiriri dzematunhu vakadzidza chepakuvamba remakore rechi20. Pano zvichengetedzwe echokwadi zvemumba, fenicha, zvinyorwa nezvimwe zvinhu Palant vomumhuri. The miziyamu inoshanyirwa kuratidzira, mumhanzi usiku, mharidzo, misangano Vanyori.

Art mamiziyamu uye kuratidzira

Museum of Arts Akanaka of Zimbabwe Mari El, iyo yakatangwa muna 1989, unoshanda akawanda mirayiridzo. It riri muchivako yakaitwa mapurani Vladimir Babenko muna 1980. Kuwedzera mabasa Mari akanaka unyanzvi uye vakashandisa unyanzvi, pano anomiririrwa Russian kupenda, chivezwa, Graphics, uyewo munhu mabasa Western Painters uye kwakajeka Artists. The miziyamu inoshanyirwa hurukuro, apo unogona kuwana Kunyatsoziva nhoroondo ounyanzvi, nenyika uri tsika, nhoroondo, unyanzvi Mari. Mari yacho zviuru anopfuura 7. Storage dzakabatana. The miziyamu anoratidza mifananidzo kubudikidza vemifananidzo Russian remakore rechi19 (Serov, Shishkin, Makovsky, Yegorov). Akakwezva mabasa wepanguva Finno-Ugric uri Genre etnosimvolizma uye ethnofuturism. Ava mifananidzo Mari Artists - A. Ivanova, S. Evdokimova, V. Bogolyubov, AI Efimova. Kuwedzera kune zvachose kuratidzwa mune miziyamu unogona kushanyira kuratidzira kuti vari aigara achiudza.

National Gallery of Art - ichi ndicho chikuru inoratidzirwa nzvimbo guru. It rakaumbwa muna 2007 sechinhu bazi Museum of Arts Akanaka. The maberere iri huru mativi ose Yoshkar-Ola. Rine zvikuru ano midziyo: okunze kuzvidzora, mavhidhiyo zvokuongorora moto-kurwa, anokosha chiedza, kuchengeteka aramu, mobile kwamagwaro michina. The maberere wakaitwa chinoshingaira kuratidza basa. Vashanyi tinyatsoziva basa Mari uye vemifananidzo Russian, ziso vemifananidzo chinoda of Volga, uyewo muunganidzwa mamiziyamu Russian. Kune nyika-kirasi kuratidzira. Kwemakore, iyo maberere Mari El vagari vaiva nomukana kuona mabasa Edgara Dega, Dali, Ilya Glazunov, Nikas Safronov, Benua De Stetto. At nzvimbo kupfuura hwakaratidza muunganidzwa rossiyskiyh mamiziyamu: yacho Tretyakov Gallery, kuti Zlatoust zvombo Museum, kuti Amber Museum (Kaliningrad). Anobudirira zvikuru zvave zvinotevera kuratidzira:

• "Dzorera. Kubva Europe kuRussia, "Benua De Stetto.
• "Faces of Time" - pamusoro tsika Mari nharaunda.
• Personal kwemasimba the artist Nikas Safronov.
• Photo kuratidzwa "Private Collection" E. Christmas.
• "Ndarama kweGungwa reBaltic" - kubva muThe Amber Museum iri Kaliningrad.

Pashure okutanga ari maberere pamusoro rakapotsa bazi State Russian Museum vagari Yoshkar-Ola vari pamba kuti Kunyatsoziva ounyanzvi youpfu hwemashiripiti kubva mamiziyamu kupfuura kuchamhembe guru.

Historical uye mapurani sezvivako

Vanovengwa zvenhoroondo, mapurani netsika ukoshi vari, sezvo mutemo, munzvimbo risingakanganwiki kweguta. Zvinosuruvarisa Yoshkar-Ola akaramba shoma pre-echimurenga zvivakwa. Pakati vatengesi izvi 'dzimba:

• Chulkova imba (zana remakore rechi19), izvo dzimba kuti Museum of History veguta Yoshkar-Ola.
• Manor mushambadzi Pchelina (rechi18).
• House Karelin (pezana remakore rechi18).
• House Bulygin (pezana remakore rechi19).
• Naumova imba decoration mifananidzo pamwe zvivako zvemapango (19-20th remakore). Ichi chimwe chezvinhu akanaka zvivako ekare muguta.

temberi

Zvinosuruvarisa, anenge nekereke dzose muzana remakore rechi18, vave zvachose kana zvishoma kuparadzwa muSoviet munguva. Nhasi guta rine machechi, zvange reconstructed kana kuvakwazve. Pakati pavo:

• Trinity Church aiva kuvakwa wokutanga ibwe uye mumwe mukuru muguta (1736). okuvaka Mari vakanga inopiwa nomushambadzi uye murimi mudiki Vishnyakov Osokin. Yaiva tsika maviri-storey kuvaka zvinosanganisira hombe quadrangle ine refectory. Chetverik akanga korona domes shanu, pasi rakanga St. Nicholas chapero, multi-Tiered bhero shongwe vakamira voga. Muna 30-ies chechi yakavharwa, bhero neshongwe uye pamusoro weDanho zvakaparadzwa. It vakatanga kuwanazve rimwe basa idzva muna 1995 uye rakapedzwa chete muna 2008. New chivakwa akachengetedzwa siyana runozivisa chechi mavakirwo rechi18. Yakava mumwe zvivako zvikuru akanaka muguta. Temberi zvakabatana bhero pachishandiswa nedenga, uye ayo kujairika chimiro surmounted nenzira domes denga shanu goridhe.
• Church of Ascension yakavakwa pamusoro nomushambadzi Pchelina muna 1756. Aiva Zimbabwe Educational riri quadrangle ane maberere, hombe yokudyira uye yakasununguka-imire bhero peshongwe tiers. Kereke yakavharwa muna 1937, akanga zvishoma kuparadzwa uye vakavakazve, ipapo dzakagara imwe bhurure. Muna 1992 temberi yakanga vakadzokera kuvatendi ndokugadziridzwa. Kubvira 1993, Church ine mamiriro Church.
• Church of Kumuka Kristu yakarongedzwa muna Moscow Baroque manyorerwo pakutanga yakavakwa muna 1759. Zvaiva odnosvetny quadrangle pamwe octagons maviri, kudzikira pahupamhi. Bell shongwe tiers mana yakavakwa mukupera rechi18 uye kwezana remakore rechi19. Refectory uye vaviri makamuri (Fedora Stratilata uye Basil) dzakavakwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Muna 1928 chechi yakavharwa, okumusoro octagonal bhero shongwe uye kuparadzwa. Chete muna 1944 chivako adzoka kuvatendi, asi muna 1961 Church yakavharwa zvakare uye zvachose kuparadzwa. Chete muna 2008 itsva kuvaka chechi rakatanga, iyo kusvikira 2010. Updated Kazan Cathedral, zvakagadzirirwa mukati Baroque werudzii muzana remakore rechi18, yakanga vagadzwe 2010.

• Chechi nokufungidzira woWakaropafadzwa Mariya rakaumbwa muna 2005 sechinhu kuchechi yeOrthodox. chivakwa Style, pedyo chiNazi Byzantine, yakavakwa 2005-2006.
• Chechi Yedu Lady pamusoro Tikhvin yakavakwa muna 1774 (maererano neoy, umo maiva chapero St. George (kwete vakachengetedzwa). The shongwe bhero raiva pamusoro refectory. Kereke yakavharwa muna 1929, pashure pacho akanga zvishoma kuvakwazve. Akadzokera vatendi 90s uye reconstructed. panzvimbo kumakuva zvino paki.

sezvivako

Yoshkar-Ola, yakawanda nzvimbo dzakasiyana pamusoro iyo vakokwa vanoda kuti mifananidzo, uye ita vagere muguta. Zvezvisarudzo akakurumbira;

• Sculpture "muti woupenyu", iri Park Mutsika uye Recreation, unoratidza National hunhu Mari nharaunda. Monument, rakanyorwa yokudhirowa Andrei Kovalchuk, rakavambwa muna 2008. Pakati murwiyo pane muti, chinofananidzira upenyu uye kutsivana kumarudzi uye dziri kumativi vaiimba matatu endarira, kuva akasiyana kumarudzi namarudzi midziyo mumaoko. Harahwa anoridza nyere, rudimbwa murume, mumwe mukomana ari dhiramu. mamita matatu pakukwirira Monument anopindura nzvimbo yakanaka mupaki, apo zvinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka kubva pose.
• Monument Obolensky-Nogotkov - muvambi guta, gavhuna rokutanga - yakaitika eponymous pachivara pamberi chivakwa hurumende. Matanhatu mita Kukwirira Shongwe chiratidzo Yoshkar-Ola uye mumwe yayo huru zvinokwezva. Prince Obolensky, Marigold anofananidzwa pamabhiza uye pachipfuva. The Monument akasikwa muvezi A. Kovalchuk yokunyora nokudhirowa muna 2007.

• On munharaunda pedyo kuchiteshi Mari-anozivikanwa mutambi Soviet uye saka akaisa yendarira shongwe. Yvan Kyrlya wakaratidza akatasva trolley, sezvo zvakanga zviri firimu "Mugwagwa" apo iye akaridza basa Mustafa - mutungamiriri mumugwagwa vana.
• A kopi chevaux Cannon yakaitwa 2007. Izvi halving kopi yakakurumbira chepakutanga, iro chikakandirwa wendarira A. Chokhov muna 1586. Mari pfuti, iyo pamwe chete kurema nuclei ndiko matani 12, rakaitirwa Zvenigovsky Plant. Butyakov. Maererano vatenzi, zvinogona kupfura. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hazvina welded Upfu core.

kujairika zvinokwezva

Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika ano Yoshkar-Ola. Attractions pane Zvinoshamisa, kunyange vatorwa.

Mumwe wavo - shongwe pakati nenyundo, iyo hunogadzwa 2008, muna mukoto pamberi kuhofisi chivakwa kuvakwa kambani. Four-mita simbi sando yairema matani maviri nehafu scored muvhu chipikiri. Munyori pfungwa - purezidhendi wekambani pakuvaka - akasarudza saizvozvo kuchengeta basa vashandi uvabhadhare mutero. Papera chinguva, pedyo sando uye shongwe kuti mushandi ari muvaki rokwe ane chidhinha muruoko rwake.

Vasati vapinda chivako chete, kwete kure pechifananidzo pamwe nenyundo, kuchine maviri zvinokwezva yepakutanga - blue nzou kureba anenge 1.5 metres uye nechigaro hombe.

Oddly zvakakwana pane yendarira chivezwa pakati peguta pedyo huru chivakwa yunivhesiti. Izvi shongwe Yoshkinu katsi, iyo yakatangwa muna 2011. Vanyori murwiyo - uye C. A. Shirnin Yandubaev, rakaumbwa chivezwa Kazan, nzira Moscow muzvinabhizimisi. Muna 2013, pedyo Yoshkinogo katsi, Lounging pabhenji, shongwe Yoshkinoy katsi, kugadzwa rakanga kuna kuwanikwa eponymous cafes.

Mavakirwo itsva guru

Mumakore mashoma apfuura, chitarisiko guta racho hwachinja. kuvaka rinoitwa pano, zvokuti zvinova inobata. Zvakananga pamberi kwokuvakwa akasiyana-siyana dzokuEurope mapurani zvekunyanyisa. migwagwa New dzaiungana zvivako zvinoshamisa sokuti naka, chitoyi uye zvishoma nowenyika ari nzvimbo yokugara.

Kujairika zvisakamboonekwa pasina mubvunzo, vanosanganisira Bryggen, yainzi pashure muguta muBelgium. Paunosvika mumugwagwa, handigoni aifunga kuti akanga ari muguta Bruges European. Quay yakavakwa chose dzimba Flemish werudzii, kwese Ages Flanders. Kunyanya yakanaka pano usiku apo mavara mwenje.

Vaenzi cherechedza kuti Yoshkar-Ola akapa chikuru kushamisika, akatendeuka kubva pakati kuchifinha kuzvionera Soviet muguta anonakidza apo uchida kudzoka. Vakawanda vakaratidza maonero kuti mapurani ane nharo, asi kuti chiri kujairika, risingakanganwiki, akanaka, anenge zvose vanobvumirana.

A Ndakashamiswa unokosha vashanyi ndiwo Annunciation shongwe ine chime. Ndicho duku kopi Spasskaya Tower muMoscow. Vakawanda vaenzi chete kuwira vadhakwa apo pakarepo kunzwa chime, riri zvakangofanana sezvinoitwa guru Russian.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti chiine Yoshkar-Ola, zvinokwezva ayo akasiyana-siyana uye vakawanda. Ani kushanyira guta rino chinoshamisa pamwe netsika inobwinya, zvichava chinhu kuyeuka uye chinhu kuudza shamwari dzako.