Vika - muti pakati legume mhuri. Description, unhu, kurimwa

bhinzi dzakawanda kare kufarira miti munharaunda. Vanopa kwete chete zvinonaka chirimwa, asiwo anozivikanwa rokuvandudza ivhu pamwe senitrogen achishandisa inokosha nodule utachiona pamusoro kumidzi. Zvisinei, zita ravo botanical anozivikanwa zvishoma. Vanopinda vakawanda genus kuti maruva - Vic. Plant (photos tarisa mbeu mupepa) Unonzi vetch - vetch, bhinzi - fava vetch. Uyezve, pane dzimwe vamiririri zhinji, anoshandiswa nevakawanda sezvokudya uye zvezvipfuwo zvirimwa.

Rod Vic (pizi)

The genus rine vanenge 140 mhando zvaingorimwa kuna South America, Europe neNorth Africa. Under dzinongoitika ezvinhu, pizi rinokura munzvimbo floodplains, pamusoro mvura Mafuro uye dondo micheto, ari steppes. The hombe - Perennial plants, kazhinji Annual. Chokumisa kazhinji manhole mhando, dzimwe nguva tote. Kunosiya paripinnate. Flowers chete mamirire mhando: Calyx ane pfupi chubhu uye mazino mureza nomwenje akaratidza mbambo, chikepe kungopotsera mapapiro pamwe ndiro.

tsananguro Botanical: kudyara vetch

Chirimwa, iro Kuziviswa chiri ajaira, zvichida, kune vakawanda. It Anonziwo "vanhuwo vetch". Uyu wepagore kana biennial chirimwa kureba masendimita 20 kusvika 80. The hunde anogona tote kana achikwira, faceted, kana makashama kutura, kana pasina branching. Typical paripinnate Mashizha panopera vane ndebvu, pizi iyo rakanamatira mutsigiri. Flowers anenge sessile, oga kana aiwanzopiwa wokushanda. Fruit - bhinzi, cylindrical kana zvishoma oblate chimiro kuna 6 masendimita pakureba.

Asi regai kunyonganisa chirimwa ane kufanana chaizvo, asi achiri akasiyana maonero - pizi. Izvi ndicho uye inonyatsozivikanwa vamiririri kutaurwa mhando. Tinowana zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana, akasiyana muzvavanoda kukura mbeu ichiibvira. Vose ikashandiswa mumapoka matatu: kutokonora, chirwere cheshuga uye pfungwa pizi.

Distribution mbeu pizi

Vika - muti ane zita muchiLatin unorira Vicia sativa. Zvinonzi rinoparadzirwa mune European chikamu Russia, Western Siberia, kuCaucasus uye Crimea gomo nharaunda, riri Kamchatka Peninsula. Inogona kuwanika ari masora muminda, dzimwe nguva parutivi, muna matongo, matongo nyika. Development uye kukura yakanaka Zara mu "boka" nevamwe miriwo inotsigira ayo zvinokambaira madzinde. Natural chitarisiko zvakakwana unopikiana oma uye chando achishivirira kuti -6 ° C. Vicat - mvura-rudo zvinomera, kunyanya munguva paumbwe namabukira uye ruva, zvimwe kunetsa uye ane ezvinhu pasi zvakatipoteredza.

Kushandiswa sezvo mupfudze

Vetch - rakanakisisa zvakasvibirira mupfudze anozivikanwa kuti vanhu kubva kare. Huru nzira yokushandisa nayo mu pamanyorerwo ichi - mbeu chaiyo uye haizopereri kufusirwa mu ivhu akura girini guru. Maererano padanho chiito chakafanana fetiraiza zvichienzaniswa mupfudze, kuti zvakwakanakira runogara kwemakore 4-5. Inenge mwedzi mitatu vetch rokudyara rinoungana 30 makirogiramu biomass pa 10 mamita ^2, iyo pane mukuru senitrogen kugutsikana (160 g), potassium (200 g) uye phosphorus (75 g).

Kudyara uye nokutarisira

Common vetch (vetch) - chirimwa iri kazhinji undemanding, asi ayo kurimwa ane zvimwe dzose. Peas anogona vegetate muchiedza uye rinorema ivhu, asi anoda munhu kwazvakarerekera ph. Kana ivhu acidic, ivo vakachengeta chinovhiringidza kuti nodule utachiona pamusoro midzi, vane diki uye havaratidzi kugadzira mumhepo senitrogen, kana angava ndikasavapo zvachose.

Seeding rinoitwa mumisara, nohupamhi inofanira kuva pakati 15-20 masendimita pakati mbeu - 5 masendimita chakasimwa kudzika kunoenderana ivhu mamiriro: .. Kuna zvemapapu - 7 cm mu rinorema - 5 masendimita akaoma ezvinhu akataura ivhu pashure kudyara zvishoma prikatat kana zviri akanyorova, zvinokosha kuita izvi. Care ouswa mupfudze zvikuru nyore uye yakakodzera Kusakura uye wopedzisa kusunungura crusts pashure inonaya uye kudiridza. Vika - muti refu mazuva, mvura-rudo, asi haugoni kushivirira waterlogging.

Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa trellises, kudzivirira pokugara of dzakanzi pane rimwe kumhara. Dzimwe nguva miti kudyarwa nezviyo, sunflower, muchiitiko ichi, wokupedzisira kutamba basa kutsigirwa.

rokudyara nguva

Dyara pizi munzira mbiri.

Early chitubu somunhu aizotangira tsika kwapera, semuenzaniso makabheji. Pashure kuwedzera girini guru rayo pamberi kutanga maruva kuchera muvhu.

Early kwematsutso kana muzhizha mushakabvu, mushure kukura uye kukohwewa mangwanani zvirimwa. Panyaya iyi chirimwa anofanira muvhu pamberi chando.

Unofanira nomugungwa kuti okunze yacho.

Shandisa senzvimbo chikafu

Kudyara vetch - muti zvinobatsira ehupfumi hakugumiri kushandisa ave munyoro mupfudze. In sezvamunoita yayo inobva zvinhu akaoma kunosanganisira kusvika 20% muriwo mapuroteni, shoma nokusanzwira Mishonga faibha. The matsva mashizha ane lysine, Beta-carotene, zvishoma mafuta uye mvura. maitiro zvose izvi kuti tikwanise kushandisa chirimwa somunhu anokosha mhuka zvokudya. Vakashandisa mutema guru, uswa, silage, uswa kudya, silage, bota uye furawa nechipo. Zvinangwa izvi, pizi vari kurimwa, kazhinji vane oats kana bhari, dzimwe nguva gorosi kuti silage kwakawedzera sunflower, chibage, rye.

Uyezve, Vick - chirimwa (mufananidzo akurukurwa munyaya), ndiro rakaisvonaka uchi chirimwa. Izvi zvinoita kukosha apiculture. maruva zvakawanda kunogara kwemwedzi pamusoro pakutanga-pakati June. Medoproduktivnost zvazvingava zviri soro mu vetch shaggy (chando) - 140-200 makirogiramu kubva hectare pamusoro pakudyara, vanodyara mairi iduku zvikuru - makirogiramu 20 / ha, ari bhinzi zvishoma - 20-40 makirogiramu / Ha. Izvi zvinobvumira kushandiswa zvinomera kukwezva nyuchi dzenyu nzvimbo. Saka, vetch, ndine zvimwe zvakanaka decoration unhu, angatitungamirira usimwe mubindu kana mubindu. Zvichaita kukwezva pollinating tumbuyu uye zvipukanana Kusiyana neizvi, zvichaita kutya. Chirimwa wakanaka muvakidzani tsika rudo senitrogen: tomato inotapira mhiripiri, lettuce, eggplants, makarotsi. Mberi zvakanaka miti yemichero uye nemiti.