Veps - Finno-Ugric vanhu vaigara yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. norudzi Veps

Munguva dzekare, kunyange pamberi Slavs kumabvazuva (Novgorod) apinda ndima pedyo, vakawanda dzinogarisana nyika zasi Lake Onega marudzi dzinza rose akararama. Pane chaicho maonero pamusoro zita rudzi ichi: yekare "zvose" ine mavambo sezvo zita Veps ano. Kwenguva zvakakwana yakareba ariko ichi vanhu vachiri kunzi Chud, Chukharev uye kayvanami. Vamiririri ayo vachiviga hama dzavo vakafa pachivande Makomba kana kuvakwa kuti "dzimba rufu" kwavo - duku yakatarwa pamusoro pemvura cherogi imba.

Bend - rudzi, rinomiririra Finnish boka mutauro wenyika Ural mhuri uye funga pachavo mapazi Karelian. Hama dzepedyo mutauro ndiye Karelian, Finnish, Izhora.

History Vepsians

Hakuna mashoko zvikuru nezvenhoroondo Veps. Kazhinji, hapana ruzivo pamusoro upenyu hwavo kwemazana emakore.

Izvi anonyanya nokuti vose marudzi vekare vaigara bedzi pamusoro zvikuru kumaruwa iri pakati munyanza, nzizi uye anezvimiti musango. kurima makirasi havana kukwana nechokwadi kuti anoshanda nesimba vanhu vaigona kutsigira pachavo. Naizvozvo, rinokosha kuwedzera chave hove. Veps vakaaitawo achiunganidza dondo zvipo. Pakati mumatanda vari murimi mudiki mumhuri aiva nzvimbo inokosha:

• hove;
• mutambo shiri;
• furs;
• cranberries;
• howa.

Vakanga kushandiswa kwete chete sezvokudya. A vazhinji izvi mumatanda vagari marudzi vakaendeswa guta zvakanaka. Ikoko, mukutsinhana vanhu ava vane rupi Veps, akapiwa chinokosha yakawanda chingwa, munyu, jira, maturusi uye kunovhima nezvimwe zvinodiwa rutsigiro upenyu zvigadzirwa.

In yechando, vagari idzi kumorwa matanda zvifambiswe naye ane nzizi yakapambadzirwa. Kuti vaite izvi, vakashandisa nechireyi zvingoro. basa Ichi chimwezve zvakaoma.

Uyezve, Veps uye vaiita mamwe mabasa:

• ibwe-achicheka ounyanzvi;
• zvehari uye ndege katavalnym.

Hwainge hwakaoma

Nokuti nzvimbo yomugariro Vepsian namagariro vakanga dzinoratidzwa kuti vava dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana, maguta uye migwagwa mabha- akaparadzanisa rebei kure. Izvi imhaka yokuti havana chaizvoizvo muzvirongwa pezvakaitwa socio-enyika kwakaitika hurumende.

Pasinei kuitwa chiKristu muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye zvinoitwa Vepsians zvichengetedzeke zhinji dzenyika uye yepakutanga. Asi chenguva Russian simba vachiri akaita zvinhu zvavo kuti nzira yavo youpenyu, basa uye tsika.

Maererano nedzimwe ruzivo, mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi16, vagari Belozersk-kumucheto Poshehonsky vanotaura mutauro wavo Kunyanya, pasinei akaisvonaka ruzivo wokuRussia uye Orthodox chitendero.

First All-Russian Verengai muna 1897 havana kunyora rupi Veps.

Kusvikira Veps mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru. Writer A. Petukhov yakati kuti upenyu hwavo hwakanga ichazivikanwa noku "Migwagwa zvakaipa, kwezvokudya, kusaziva, kusava mutauro wakanyorwa."

Soviet nguva upenyu Vepsians

In 20-30s Vepsians upenyu hwachinja. Muna 1932, Dare musi paumbwe imwe nearufabheti itsva. Matambudziko akadaro akaiswa pamberi pake:

• kukudziridza mutauro marudzi maduku mumitauro yavo zvakanyorwa;
• gadzirira vashandi yenyika dzidzo;
• kubudisa mabhuku.

Latin hwaro yaishandiswa kuvaka Vepsian arufabheti. Ndicho Panovhurwa musha kuverenga dzimba, 57 zvikoro, kuvakwa zvipatara, zvokurapa pazviteshi, paruzhinji canteens, nemaruva. In Lodeinopolsky Teachers College anovhura Veps hofisi.

Zvikuru kuti kukura dzemakanzuru emarudzi yakaumbwa uye Oyat (Vinnitsa) National nharaunda.

Pakati pezana 30 ano kunyoresa zviremera yakatarira kufadza nhamba vamiririri vanhu munyika - vanenge zviuru 35.

Kushatiswa mamiriro ezvoupfumi uye kusabatana Vepsians

Mukupera 30-ies anotanga nguva itsva muupenyu vanhu vane rupi Veps. Kwairatidza zvose zvakaoma magariro uye enyika pezvakaitwa kwakaitika panguva iyoyo munyika yedu.

Kakawanda wakaitwa administrative uye miganhu transformations nokuda paine kusabatana Vepsian nyika. kuchinja aya chaizvo isakarurama zvakakanganisa pave vanhu, huzhinji vakatamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Nokufamba kwenguva, vakawanda munyika Veps zapustevali chokuita mamiriro emari nemisha hwokuchamhembe.

Zvino uwandu vanhu Russia ndiyo vanhu vanenge 13 zviuru. A nzvimbo ano Veps hwokuchamhembe kurarama - yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia kumaodzanyemba - Vologda nharaunda, uye paavhareji mugare Leningrad mudunhu.

dzinza Vepsians

Zvakaoma chaizvo kutaura chii anotarira vakabatwa ne Veps vekare. Ungangove, ari kuitwa sei kuchinja vakatora nzvimbo mauri. Kwemazana emakore akawanda vakaita neZvapupu chero vanhu, saka havana kukwanisa kudzivisa vaiitawo ropa.

Quite vanhuwo sokuti panguva yazvino Veps kumuona, izvo chitarisiko hachisi chinhu akasiyana yenyika maitiro. vanhu ava vane dema uye chena bvudzi, dzakatetepa uye azere muviri, zviduku kukura, pane dzakanaka uye kwete kwazvo.

Asi, pasinei ichi, ndivo akazvimiririra vanhu vanogara mundima yavo.

Vakadzi zvipfeko Vepsians

Traditional Vepsians zvipfeko akanga yomutambo uye zuva nezuva. In vakadzi zvavo zuva akapfekwa amakwai kana Semi-yeshinda siketi ane longitudinal kana muchinjikwa-mitsetse muenzaniso. Rokumanikidzirwa nyaya yaiva epuroni, iyo vasikana vakanga tsvuku, uye madzimai - black. Long hembe sleeved yakakoshwa yakashongedzwa akanaka chishongo pamusoro mupendero.

Vakadzi vanoziva sei kuti kuitawo zvikuru kwazvo. Naizvozvo kakawanda kuwanikwa Severyanka akapfeka 2 kana 3 hembe. Panguva iyoyo vakasimudza nzira kuti avo micheto kuumba yakafara muenzaniso. Izvi zvinooneka anovandudza chitarisiko zvakanga vakadzi Veps, chitarisiko chavo uye nokuzviremekedza.

Kuti sundress ose vaishandisa homespun kanivhasi. Nokuti vaitamba mutambo jira nguo akatenga. Wakakwana sundresses vachiri dushegreyku (nguvo), uye kutonhora aipfeka Shugay (cardigan pamwe mabhatani) iri jira.

In yechando, vakadzi vaipfeka mbava jasi kana jasi rakagadzirwa nedehwe remakwai. Gala pachake nguo ichi chakagadzirwa imwe shinda uye akafukidza mumukaha inopenya nesirika kana shinda micheka ane mapatani makuru.

Kuti inopfekwa varume

Evanhu masutu Vepsians kwaisanganisira maviri Shirts uye mudhebhe zvakanga akasungirirwa rwonzi nechemuchiuno. Shirts kurega uye belted nematehwe kana dzakarukwa mabhandi. Shirts Ancient dzakarukwa, nepo mamwe ano - kupendwa.

Muzana remakore rechi19, kusona pamusoro bhurukwa ake akatanga kushandisa rima jira watengwa. Uyewo achinja hembe dzake, iro rakatanga kusona kubva akatenga chintz kana Calico. zvipfeko Winter evanhu vanhu anomiririrwa majasi avo jira, nedehwe remakwai jasi, mucheka wakafukidzwa, yakananga collarless majasi.

Sezvo pezana remakore rechi19 kupinda mutambo zvipfeko Vepsians vakapinda bhachi rake - inenge Demi-mwaka jasi, uye kuva ungano urefu kuti ibvi.

Features Veppsian pokugara ezvinhu

Ungangove, pekugara Veps yekare anenge indistinguishable kubva Karelian mudzimba. Vakanga hafu-dugouts yemapuranga cherogi cabins pamwe choto. Kubva kuvakwa yoga outbuildings:

• Barn kuchengeta zvokudya;
• child nokuti paburiro zviyo;
• wokuzvarwa;
• kugeza.

Kuvakwa kare kazhinji inoremekedzwa hwokumusoro Veps. Kumaodzanyemba vanhu kwenguva yakareba chaizvo kushandiswa zvinangwa zvakadaro, vanhuwo zvavo mudzimba jecha nguva. Traditional Veps Housing yaiva kunzwisisa yose kuti rinobatanidza imba uye zvose outbuildings.

Kuwedzera gusset zvivako Veppsian chikuru chepfungwa imba yakanga kuvapo chechetere uwandu mahwindo uye kusavapo nomungoro peberere. Vaiva kwakadaro zvemumba Vepsians se:

• matafura, zvigaro uye yematanda mibhedha;
• mbereko vana;
• Russian hovhoni;
• Tub ane washstand;
• revaruki.

Tsika Veps

Veps ndezvaJehovha marudzi Orthodox. Asi kwenguva refu vave dzinoratidzwa zviratidzo muchihedheni. Pakati Veps vaiva varoyi, uyo aitaura nemweya uye anotumira zvakaipa spoilage. With veMubatanidzwa machechi uye dzimba dzemamongi, vaenda, asi mukadzi akachenjera uye somuzivi vaiva.

Bend - rudzi, iro rine mashura ayo uye mashura. Kuti imba kana kundoviga murume aifanira kuva nechokwadi "kudzikinura" nyika. Mbatya yapiwa munhu akasarudza chena chete uye zvachose zvapera.

Ichokwadi kunyanya kuvakwa Vepsians musha. Netsika chiitiko vaiva sezvinotevera:

• mumusha mutsva pausiku rokutanga regai iri katsi;
• tanga mumba aifanira kupinda musoro weimba nechingwa uye mufananidzo;
• pashure musoro mumba yaisanganisira mukadzi wake jongwe uye katsi;
• akwegura imba mugomba itsva kuunza rinopisa marasha;
• Hatina kumbobvira vakatanga kuvaka imba iri kutevera.

Vepsians tsika dziri chokuita zvikuru zvavanodavira:

• denga mweya;
• dzimba;
• mvura;
• midzimu dzomudondo, chivanze, dura uye nezvimwewo.

Somuenzaniso, mvura yavo maonero, aiva mupenyu, nokuti mweya anogara mairi. Kana asina kuverenga - haana kupa hove kana achinyudza nashlet chirwere. Saka, mvura haana kukanda, naicho haana kusuka majombo.

Uye zvokudya zvaiva chinyakare Veps. Nzvimbo huru mairi zvaiva hove. Mukuwedzera yava akashandisa rye chingwa chakabikwa pachako, nzeve dzenyu. Nyota veko vakadzima Repnev kvass, oatmeal, zvokunwa kubva zvikara michero, mukaka uye buttermilk. Tea, uyewo mukaravhani doro vaiva yomutambo zvinwiwa. A nyama nezvirongo kugadzirirwa chete mazororo uye rinorema chaiko basa.

matambudziko mazhinji akanga kuenda kuburikidza nokuzivikanwa ichi vanhu, une dzinonakidza tsika, tsika uye ngano. Njodzi vagere kuchamhembe kunzvimbo, une Veps nyika, kumbova nyore. Asi, pasinei ichi, vaiva yakazvimirira vanhu vanogara mundima yemadzitateguru avo.