Tsanangudzo yesignature. Nzira yekunyora zvakakodzera zvinyorwa

Mukugadzirwa kwegwaro rimwe nerimwe, kusayina kwehurumende yakakodzera, musoro, uye munhu anokumbira rubatsiro kumasangano ehurumende anoita basa rinokosha. Panyaya iyi, kubviswa kwechigamba kunonyanya kukosha. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti iyi pfungwa haina kujaira kune vagari venyika yedu.

Mutemo unokosha

Chikwangwani chiri pamagwaro chinopa chikamu chepa pepa pamutemo mutemo. Semitemo, iri pasi pemutauro mukuru, uye inoshandiswa seimwe yezvinotarisirwa zvinodiwa. Kudai taizofananidza kukosha kwezvinhu zvose zvinodiwa zvebhuku racho, nzvimbo yekutanga inofanira kutungamirira chisimbiso, chisimbiso kana chimwe chinhu chinozivisa. Mushure mezvose, vanhu vashomanana chete vanoita gwaro rinokosha kubva pamapepa ari nyore.

Mukuona kwebvunzo iri pasi pekufungisisa, zvakakosha kuongorora pfungwa yakadaro seyo kodzero yekutendera. Inoreva simba revakuru vose vane kodzero yega pachavo kana kuti chisimbiso kuti vaone chirongwa. Ndapota cherechedza kuti mukuru wehurumende chete ane simba rakanyoreswa mubasa rake rinogona kuisa uye kubvumira mapepa anokosha. Aya maitiro, semitemo, ari mune zvinyorwa zvebasa zvevanhu vane hanya, zvigadzirwa zvesangano nezvimwe zvikamu zvinoshandiswa. Mukuwedzera, mukuru anogona kurayira kuendeswa kwekodzero yekutaura.

Chiratidzo chemurairi chinoda kunyatsotarisirwa, sezvo mutungamiri uyu ari chiremera chikuru chekufambiswa kwekambani. Nhamba dzinokosha haigone kudzokororwa zvakare, haugone kubvisa zvinyorwa zvasaina.

Kuumbwa kweprops

Sezvo mutemo, pakutanga pakutanga zuva rinowanikwa pane zvinyorwa, chinasa chinopfuurira mberi, kurudyi. Ndapota cherechedza kuti chinhu ichi chine zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Nzvimbo yeiye munhu akasaina ichi kana iyo nyandiko. Zita re sangano rinofanira kuratidzwa . Izvi zvinotarisirwa hazvidikanwi kana zvinyorwa zvichinyorwa pamutsamba wekambani yekambani ane zvisimbiso zvakakodzera.
• Chimiro chomunhu pachake, icho chiri mufananidzo wezvishoma zvakatanga zvidzidzo.
• Kugadzirisa kwechiratidzo, izvo zvinoreva kudanwa kwezita rezita, zita, patronymic.

Zviratidzo zvekunyorwa kwezvipfeko

Maererano nemitemo yekunyorwa kwemashoko, zita remupositi rakanyorerwa pedyo nechokumucheto. Kana iri yekuzvinyora, iyo inoratidzirwa pamwero wekupedzisira mutsamba.

Kana zvinyorwa uye zvikwangwani zvichisvika pamutsamba weheta yesangano, ipapo kudhindwa kwechiratidzo kunogona kuwanikwa kumusoro. Kana zviitiko zvakadaro zviriko, hapana tsanangudzo inowanikwa inodiwa.

I "Position" column inotanga nemusoro mukuru. Mashoko acho anofanira kugara achipera nenguva. Kunyangwe kana tafura iri mubhuku racho, pamagumo ezvinyorwa pane nguva dzose inofanira kunge iri kudhindwa kwechiratidzo uye musoro wechinzvimbo chemunhu, izvo zvakakosha kutsanangura zvakajeka maererano neetafura yevashandi. Zvakakosha kuita zvinyorwa zvakakodzera. MuDhipatimendi rezvevashandi mune zvinyorwa zvakadai sekadhi rakasimudza, runyorwa rwevashandi, uyewo ruzivo rwuri chakavanzika chebhizimisi. Vanotakura chimwe chinhu chakakosha chemukati chekuvanzika kwezvikonzero zvinonzwisisika.

Kana iri zita rekambani, rinonyanya kuchinzvimbo chemunhu.

Pamusoro pechinyorwa choga

Chimiro chemuga wega chinogadzirwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvomunhu anenge achiisa gwaro racho. Iyi tsvakurudzo rudzi rwepasipoti pamapepa kune vagari vemunyika yose. Pane chikonzero chekuona kuti muchitinha ichi, yakagadzirwa maererano nemitemo yose, tsamba yekutanga yezita inofanira kuvapo uye inotevera nhatu nhatu dzinofanira kureva mazita ezita - sezvinotaurwa munyaya. Zvisinei, mukuita mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro haawani maitiro ayo.

Vagari vazhinji vehurumende vanotungamirirwa nechokwadi chokuti chikwangwani chakavhara zvakaoma zvikuru kuumba. Panyaya iyi, vakuru vakuru, kunyanya avo vane mahofisi ekutungamirira, edza kushandisa mavheti akawanda uye mitsara yakaita sezvinogona. Kucherechedza dambudziko rekunyengera kwechigamba, vazhinji vanokanganwa kuti kududzira "kwakanaka" kwakadaro kunotonyanya kuoma.

Iko kushandiswa kwechirongwa chechigwaro ndiko kuziviswa kwakazara kwezvokutanga. Iyo mharidzo yepasipoti ndeyechokwadi, haifaniri kutarisirwa, asi chirevo chinofanira kuitika maererano nekuenderana nezita uye zita rezita rinoratidzwa mairi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana pane tsamba "e" mubhuku rekuzivisa, zvino kana uchizivisa zita racho. Anofanira kunge aripo.

Chiratidzo cheMutevedzeri

Kunyanya kakawanda pane zvinetso nechisayenzi chevatevedzeri vakawanda. Uye mibvunzo inobata kwete kwete chete mazita ekudanwa kwezita racho, asiwo nzvimbo yezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana.

1. Nzvimbo yemusoro we sangano yakanyorwa netsamba duku. Zvisinei, kana iwe ukatsigira tsika dzekambani yekambani, zvino zvakakodzera chaizvo kunyora zvinyorwa zvekutonga ne tsamba huru.
2. Mitsanangudzo haigamuchirwi mumabhuku akadai, kureva, kwete "vedzisi", asi "vedzisi".
3. Dzivisa kugamuchira zvigaro munzvimbo dzebasa. Saka, yekare, akanaka "mukuru wekambani" haagamuchirwi nemumwe wevamwe vashandi, naizvozvo kubva pakati pemitumbi yekuongorora.

Apo gwaro rakasimbiswa nevanhu vanoverengeka

Kana chikwangwani chikasayirwa nevatungamiri vanoverengeka, zvino zviratidzo zvavo pachavo zvinorongwa mune imwe korombo pasi peumwe. Apo dhidhiyo inodhindwa, imwe nzvimbo-nehafu yenguva yemavo inoshandiswa inoshandiswa.

Zvinyorwa zvechiratidzo kutanga vanhu ivavo vari pachitsiko chepamusoro chesefisi yefisi, kureva kuti, gwaro racho rinopupurirwa kubva kumusoro kumusoro. Kana zvinyorwa izvi zvichisayirwa nevatungamiri vakaenzana muhofisi, mazita avo anowanikwa pane imwechete.

Saizvozvowo, chikwata chinoitwa musangano apo chibvumirano chinoiswa chisimbiso nevanowanzobatana navo kana mapato anopedzisa mutengesi.

Inadmissibility of a slash

Kana hurumende yakagamuchirwa kuti isayine dhidhiyo isipo, zvino mushandi anozadzisa zviri pamutemo mabasa ake anofanira kuisayina. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzvimbo yake yazvino iyo yaanoshanda nayo, pamwe nezita rake, zita rokutanga, patronymic, rinoratidzwa pachena.

Dzimwe nguva kune nguva inogona kuitika. Munyaya iyi, kugadziriswa kunogona kuitwa kana ruoko kana kushandisa kombiyuta. Kana zvisina kudaro, iwe unofanirwa kuchinja gwaro rinoratidza nzvimbo chaiyo yemunhu anoita.

Hazvibvumirwi kusati kwasvika shoko rokuti "Chigumo" kuisa chirevo che "For", uye chengetedze bhiri. Kusiyana kwakadaro kunorwisana nyore nyore mumatare.

Rudzi rutsva rwechiratidzo

Chiratidzo che digitairi chidimbu chitsva chebhuku racho, iro rinopinda zvishoma nezvishoma muupenyu hwevanhu vese vanogara uye vagari vemo, uye rinowanikwa mumabasa ekutengeserana nehurumende. Iyi props inokubvumira kuti usabvisa kukanganiswa kwemashoko edzimbwadziro yemagetsi, uye inokubvumirawo kuti uone kusungirirwa kune mumwe munhu. Chikonzero chekugadzirwa kwechinyorwa chekugadzirwa kwekombiyuta ndiyo cryptographic shanduko yemashoko.

Federal law

Parizvino pane nhamba yepamutemo yenyika 63, iyo inotungamirira sachigaro che digital. Maererano nehutambotaurwa pamusoro pekuita mutemo wepamutemo, ndeyemhando dzakasiyana siyana:

1. Zvinyorwa zvisiri nyore zvemagetsi.
2. Hauna kukodzera.
3. Akafanirwa.

Chiratidzo chisina kujeka isetani yemakodhi, passwords, uyewo urongwa hweimwe nzira dzinogona kuvapo hunosimbiswa neumwe munhu.

Chimiro chisina kufanirwa chisina kufanirwa ndicho chigumisiro chekushandurwa kwemashoko nenzira yekristptogram. Chimiro chechimiro chemufananidzo uyu kushandiswa kwekona yepachivande. Kuvapo kwechimiro ichi kunokosha kwete kungoziva munhu akasaina gwaro racho, asiwo kuti aone kubvumirana kwekuchinja kwakaiswa.

Rudzi rwechitatu rwechigadzirwa chemagetsi rinoenderana nezvose zvinoratidzwa pamusoro apa. Pane zviitiko zvekudzivirirwa, semuenzaniso, crypto kudzivirirwa, iyo inotungamirirwa kuvhodhi ne Federal Federal Service. Purogiramu yemagetsi inogadziriswa chete nedare rakagamuchirwa chiremera.

Nyaya uye kushandisa

Purogiramu yemagetsi ndiyo chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekunyora magwaro. Iyi teknolojia inowanzoshandiswa kune imwe kunze uye mukati medu kushandiswa kwemashoko, muvashandi uye mumitemo yepamutemo, mune zvekutengeserana uye yezvokutengeserana nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanovimbisa kuponeswa kwechigwaro. Sezvo ichi chiitiko chave chakapararira, pane kushandiswa kwaro kushandiswa. Chikwangwani chechigwaro chechigwaro, chinobudiswa kana chibudiswa, chinopa chirevo chepamutemo kune zvinyorwa.

Vose vagari vemuhurumende vane kodzero yekugamuchira sachigaro chemagetsi kuitira kuti vashandise urongwa hwehupfumi hunoonekwa panzvimbo ino. Nekubatsira kwayo, unogona kuongorora magwaro, kushanda kune itsva, uye kugamuchira tsamba nezaziso. Kuvonga mukana wakapiwa, mumwe nomumwe anoshandisa, asingabvi pamba, anogona kuvimbisa tsamba yakatumirwa. Mukuwedzera, kubvira pakutanga kwa2013, makadhi emagetsi akaiswa, apo shanduro yemagetsi inowanzoiswa.

Kubudirira kwakadaro kwakaita kuti zvive zvakakosha mupiro mukusimudzirwa kwevanhu. Iye zvino vashandi havafaniri kunge vakapfeka nemapepa emapepa anodiwa ekunyora, asi zvakakwana kutumira rugwaro nemutauro wemagetsi.