The yakakurumbira Oka Terraced Reserve? Mhuka nezvinomera Oka Terrasny chengetedza

In pakati XX remakore (1948) kwakasarudzwa zvokuchinja kuchengeterwa guru, iri noruwa, akaparadzana Makambani shanu. In oma nguva hunhu kuchengetedza (1951) muMoscow Region 4 reserves vakanga akabvisa. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Oka Terraced Reserve - chete ari namafuro.

Akafamba achipinda guru samambure biosphere reserves kubudikidza UNESCO. Muna February 1979, iye akapiwa chitupa.

Kubva munhoroondo zvakaoma

Terraced Oka Biosphere Reserve vakatanga kushanda kwayo muna June 1945, kutanga sezvo chikamu reserved zvekutepfenyura.

Mushure kuwana chinzvimbo mabasa ayo biosphere yekudyidzana wakashamira, saka 1984 godu kumashure zvichiongororwa chiteshi wakasikwa pano, iyo yakanga iri huru chinhu okunze zvaakazvionera uye kuonekwa kusvibisa uye zvinokuvadza kuti kupinda nharaunda

Mukutanga 70-ies Terraced Oka Biosphere Reserve akatanga kuitisa kwezvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa pane imwe yepamusoro mararamiro pamwero.

mabasa

Vakawanda vaverengi vedu vazive kuti ishande masangano aya munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munyika yedu. Kana uchifarira pane rakakurumbira Oka Terraced Reserve, pakutanga, ngationei kuti mabasa vakatumirwa sangano.

Chokutanga pakuchengetedza nedzimwe dzinongoitika kunzwisisa, runowanzoitika yacho.

Mira ongororo zvinhu zvipenyu zviri Reserve wayo nawo munzvimbo. Kudzorerwa uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa fauna of uye kasvisto.

Kudzidza, maberekero dispersal kumugariro wavo dzinogarisana yeEuropean bison.

Sezvaunogona kuona, kunyange maererano mabasa ungaswedera zvimwe kugumisa pamusoro pezvakarurama yakakurumbira Oka Terraced Reserve.

Panguva yacho kare, ine basa rokudzorera uye kuchengetedza zvisingawanzoitiki kwese kuti howa ichi mudunhu. Mugumisiro ino yakaoma uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda basa chinokosha vapfume pakati Fauna of Moscow nharaunda.

Aboriginal maonero nzvimbo idzi - the Beaver - pakutanga XX remakore richivezwa zvinenge chose pakati reRussia Plain. Kuti kuidzosera dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo muna 1948 vakauya Beavers 4 chiratidzazvizhinji ari kuchengeterwa eguta Voronezh. Makore manomwe gare gare (1955) akabatana vokuparidzira ane 2 yegwara dzinza Russian.

Muna 1962, mhuka idzi akatanga kugadzirisa. Nechekare muna 1973 pakava wokumaodzanyemba Moscow vakawanda, rinosvika 110 beavers munzvimbo 30 mutero of Oka. Muna October 2003, kunze mundima kuchengeterwa, muna Serpukhov muruwa, paitova 68 misha emhuka idzi rinosvika 329 vanhu.

okunze

Terraced Oka Biosphere Reserve, pikicha izvo unogona kuona munyaya ino, akasiyana unozvidzora Continental ekunze. Munharaunda iyi, chando mwero chena chando, uye chirimo muri kudziya. Avhareji yegore negore mhepo tembiricha rukasafashukira pamusoro - 3,9 ° C. The mwedzi Hottest - July (+17,7 ° C), kuti coldest January (10,5 ° C). Kunonyanyisa tembiricha - +38 ° C, kanenge - -43 ° C. The kunayisa wegore idukusa 500 mm kuti kunonaya. Pakukora nechando pakavha, iyo pakupera November rinowanika uye unouya April, 55 cm.

rubatsiro

Terraced bani, zvinyoronyoro tilted kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba. Relief vypolozhenny tenuka. The maitiro chinhu rokuyamura nomugove nechepakati uye kuchamhembe ari kuchengeterwa vari sinkholes kuti kuitika munzvimbo marasha nyatsotevera overlie reraimu.

Zvakazorodza kwesango tenuka vanoonekwa ne jecha zvikomo uye nemiti, izvo kumuka 10-15 metres pamusoro rezasi, pedyo nzvimbo.

hydrology

Ndima kuchengeterwa haisi dzinoratidzwa zhinji reservoirs. Where nzizi duku dzakawanda dzine mvura pasi pegungwa uye marshes shoma. Nzizi pakukura - Ponikovka uye Todenka, izvo zvinotora kwayakatangira kunze kuchengeterwa, kureba kwayo anenge 9 km, upamhi anenge 4 m.

Pakati madhamu ndivo kupfuura uye Sirnovskoe Protovskoe. Pakupisa chirimo ari madhamu nokuomesa anenge zvachose. Swamp nenzvimbo chiduku chikamu nzvimbo (asingasviki 1%).

Animals Oka Terrasny chengetedza

Native mhando - nondo, rakange rakacherwa chose munzvimbo kubudikidza kuguma XIX remakore. Kuti kuidzosera, muna Oka Reserve Terraced 2 yegwara mhuka idzi dzakanga dzatangwa muna 1948. Dzavo yakabudiswa muna 1950. By pakutanga 1957, nhamba mhuka idzi vari kuchengeterwa yasvika rekodhi nhamba - 63. Kubva ichi pfungwa nondo vakatanga kugara pasi kunharaunda Chekhov uye Serpukhov muruwa.

Muna 1967 vakadzorerwa pedyo Moscow nondo vakawanda raiva 157 vanhu. In February 2008 nhamba kare anoshandisa 170 vanhu. Izvi mhando zvikuru kubudirira anotanga uye vakadzokera kuvhima fauna of.

Stony

Pakupindura mubvunzo: "Chii chinozivikanwa Oka Terraced Reserve?", Tinogona kutaura: ". The kuwedzera vanhu Stony" Miti iyi isati Second World War zvikuru pasi munzvimbo idzi. Pashure pehondo, kwave kune kuwanda kukura. It kwakanyanyisa pakati 1961 - 1300 mhuka Serpukhov muruwa, kusanganisira 300 rinogarwa Terraced Oka Reserve.

Nokuda mukuru arambe achirema mhuka ine nzvimbo paiva nezvinetso ezvinhu dondo, uyewo mamiriro uye Elk ari Southern namafuro. Paiva hombe mhosva uye chitarisiko epizootic zvirwere. Pashure hwakadzama kudzidza mamiriro ezvinhu kuchengeterwa wemhuka? Lv Zablotskaya vakasimbirira Elk hwevanhu murau vachiita zvokupfurwa. In yechando 1961 akanga akapfura mhuka iri kuchengeterwa 101 128 - muna Serpukhov muruwa. Somugumisiro, mumakore mashomanana vemo yakaramba iri pamwero kubvumirwa.

Vakawanda dzamakondo vagere kuchengeterwa ndiyo gava. Mukuwedzera, mundima yayo vanogara 11 akasiyana mhando Mbeswa mhuka, 7 zviri panyika ino kurarama nokusingaperi.

Zviremwaremwa (zviremwaremwa) vanomirirwa mhuka 11. Pakati pavo - the Natterer wacho chiremwaremwa, plecotus, mvura, dziva, mutsvuku, diki uye tsvuku vechornytsi uye nevamwe.

Kumbonyanya guru vanhu pamusoro Netsuro, kashoma anogona kuwanikwa tsuro. Shure kwenguva refu pasina akadzoka Beaver, uye iye achifara kugara akadzivirira nzizi.

bison

Pakati mhuka vaigara Oka Terraced Park, bison, kana pane mumwe azvo - Bison bonasus L. - akaita kuti International Red Book, uyewo muna Red Book of Russian Federation.

Muna 1948, M. A. Zablotsky akasika bison chevana. Vavariro yake - kudzorera bison ruminant isingawanzowanikwi mhuka. Pamberi kireshi zvakagadziriswa mabasa:

• kurera uye kusunungura icho kupinda mhuka dzavo dzakare dzinogarisana mhando, kuchinjwa simba uye utano vanhu dzimwe zoological mapindu uye nemaruva;
• Nokuwedzera uye pakuchengetedza Gene mudziva bison.
• tsvakurudzo pamusoro ikoroji, zvipenyu, ethology bison;
• uvandudze uye kugadzira nzira itsva Kuchengetwa uye maberekero kuti bison muutapwa, uyewo pasi zvakasikwa ezvinhu.

The kireshi riri pamusoro nzvimbo 200 hectares. For bison ezvinhu pano vakaita pedyo dzinongoitika. kireshi nharaunda iri rakakamurwa zvakaenzana matanga. Vari takapoteredzwa pajira riya kuti waya uye zvakabatana nevanhu refu corridors.

In kunyora rimwe rine mhuri bison. Inoitwa munhurume, 5 (kashoma 4) vakadzi uye musikana nemakore 10 months. Zvadaro bison mhuru vanoparadzaniswa vanamai vavo, uye kuumba "uduku" boka.

Pakapera 2009 muna usamo vanomutswa uye akatuma kumatunhu akasiyana-siyana Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, uye dzimwe inoti pane 328 purebred bison.

In kuvatarisira inoitwa pokutsvakurudza zvipenyu, ethology bison. Uyewo, Central bison chevana ari kugadzirira uye Kurovedza zvikuru vanokwanisa nezvokurara, uyo zvino zvinobudirira kushanda mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Nokuti zvidzidzo okufananidza kuvatarisira zvinosanganisira boka American nyati.

Flora

Kana iwe usina kunzwisisa Oka Terraced Reserve mapikicha chii inozivikanwa re iri rinokosha Shanduro, ichakubatsira kufunga hunhu nzvimbo idzi zvikuru. Munguva kuchengeterwa kune pamusoro 950 akasiyana mhando zvinomera.

Yemiti yakanyanya kuzara vanoondoroka, pomuouki, Linden, Aspen, spruce, Birch. Masango vakavhengana kwakadaro kufukidza vanenge 93% of zvachose chengetedza.

In vakuru, ostepnonnyh masango vanokura värjäys mutsvairo, ndachena vhudzi Veronica, mutsvairo, petsanga, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Lime-mupaini-pomuouki dondo vane tsvina kubva mumeporo uye makwenzi ane bereskeleta, Hazel, honeysuckle, Viburnum uye t. D.

Pane zvakawanda michero, vaigara Oka Terraced Reserve. Plants veboka iri - Blueberry, cranberry, Kislichnaya, uyewo cranberries uye blueberries kunowanzoitwa kuwanikwa kuchamhembe womupaini mumasango ari chengetedza.

shiri

The kuchengeterwa zvakawanda shiri. Mumasango vakavhengana vakasarudza tiers dzavo kupfuura zvakakodzera, apo kako vakachengeteka vari kuchengetedzwa kubva muvengi uye apo zviri nyore kuwana zvokudya. Somuenzaniso, jacks vari guru zvikara guru muti korona dzinongoda pakutanga weDanho.

Maduku shiri kudya tumbuyu agadzirise panhurikidzwa yechipiri kana makwenzi, uye inoronga zizi matendere pasi. Pano unogona kuwana zvikuru tits uye finches, redstart uye muti watch, nuthatch nehuni warbler, thrush uye zoryanku uye nevamwe vakawanda.

kuchengetedza mapazi

Kuti kuderedza mugumisiro yezviri dzevanhu upfumi basa buffer mapazi akasikwa zvepanyama kunzwisisa chengetedza. Ndima yayo yakakura zvikuru - 4710 Ha nzvimbo ine makubhiti 2 km. Rinosanganisira floodplain Oka dondo maruwa yakapoteredza ndima.

Munzvimbo iyi, mukusiyana kusvika kuchengeterwa, akabvumira dzisina upfumi basa. Mvumo makapiwa dondo zvakanaka, chaiparira cheka hakubvumidzwi. basa Agricultural akabvumira ari floodplain of Oka (arambidzwa kurima nyika itsva). Uyezve, wairambidza kupikidura, dzokubudisa uye migodhi, kuvaka marudzi ose migwagwa uye kwakavakirwa chero chinangwa. Terms kuraura nekuvhima vanofanira anowedzera kuti chikwata kutarisirwa.

Educational basa

The kuchengeterwa chinhu chakanakisisa yesayenzi umbowo dzakakwirira zvikoro guru zhinji, uyewo masangano dzidzo Russia. Pano ekuedzwa vadzidzi kubva mumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana uye nemapazi Moscow State University, Moscow Agricultural Academy Timiryazev. Pano vadzidzi vawane ruzivo pamusoro zvipenyu rorusununguko Moscow State University. Uyezve, kune nyanzvi dzokununura kubva siyana tsvakurudzo Kudya. Hazvina basa kuti muduku zvakasikwa ari kuchengeterwa - lyceums uye zvikoro.

Oka Terraced kuchengeterwa: mutengi wongororo

Maererano nevaya vaishanyira nzvimbo iyi zvinoshamisa, zvakanzi akasikwa kuti vanoda hunhu. All kuyemura zvinoshamisa uye kashoma mazuva ano mukana kuona pristine kunaka Moscow nharaunda uye rakasiyana, dzimwe nguva vava kuda kutsakatika, mhando nemhuka.

Visitors zvinogutswa kuti kuchengeterwa anofamba navo pamwe ruzivo vatungamiriri avo dzevakawanda nounyanzvi nezvazvo mhuka uye zvinomera.

Vazhinji vanotsutsumwa kuti bison chevana kuenda kure, uye zano kwokubatsira kuronga zvimwe chokufambisa kuenda vakakomba nzvimbo.