The administrative-miganhu weboka Russia: History uye Modernity

Administrative-miganhu weboka ndechimwe chikuru zvinoumba pfungwa "chehurumende." Tsika achitungamirira nyika, uyewo siyana chiitiko nyika yedu kunoratidza kuti vakwanise sei yakarongwa miganhu mashoko nyika kunobva, Inter Alia, ayo socio-zvoupfumi uye zvakanakira vemunyika.

Administrative mapoka ezvinhu ano ari kunzwisisa mamiriro uye nomutemo masangano, izvo kwete chete inopa tikwanise kudzora nharaunda, asiwo anotipa zvakafanira enyika, pfungwa uye socio-upfumi hwaro pamusoro pakuzadzisa vanhu.

The administrative-miganhu weboka Russian Empire nguva, akapotsa racho pakupedzisira rakaumbwa kunyange pasi Catherine II. Rakanga panguva yake yokutonga yose nyika yakakamurwa kupinda 50 enyika, izvo zvinozoita akakamurwa maruwa. Zvinokosha kuteerera chokwadi chokuti yaiona-miganhu weboka Russia panguva iyoyo kwaibva kwete nyika kana chero dzakaitika chiratidzo, asi chete pamusoro nokuwanda kwevanhu. Saka, mudunhu yaiva chikamu ndima, rine vanhu vanhu 300 kusvika 400 zviuru.

Izvi miganhu weboka Russia vakatevera zvinangwa zvakawanda. Kudivi rimwe, kundima izvi zvave nyore kushandisa, kuhuchengetedza vakachengeteka uye kumanikidza vanhu veko kubhadhara mitero. Ukuwo, inenge imwe nhamba vagari venyika vakauya kubva nemaonero kwemitero, anenge kufanana kuti mutero, saka imbalances simba vakanga vasiri socio-zvoupfumi nzvimbo. Pakupedzisira, Chechitatu, weboka wenyika, dzine vanhu vakawanda vane vamiririri imwe nyika, mapurovhinzi akawanda akanga, maererano nechepakati masimba, kuti chaizvo kuderedza chido chavo kuti kuzvimiririra uye separatism.

Zvikuru pane dzimwe nheyo, kuita administrative-miganhu weboka Russia, vakandoteka vatungamiriri Soviet kumwedzi. Kudivi rimwe, ivo nechemberi akaisa upfumi feasibility ose okuzvitsaura zvimwe ndima uye kumatunhu, uye kuno rumwe, - misoro zvose USSR uye RSFSR, asingagoni kudaro nyore kuramba kubva chido vanoverengeka vemarudzi kuti vawane kupfuura tsika uye miganhu kuzvionera . Dzimwe nguva nezveizvi dzisingawirirani nemumwe, zvichitungamirira zvakasiyana-siyana kuchinja miganhu nemamiriro nyika.

Saka, mumakore okutanga simba Soviet paiva chirongwa disaggregation kubva mumatunhu akare wamambo, izvo zvakazoita kuti chidzoke nzvimbo dzakadai Sverdlovsk, Cherepovets kana Tsaritsynskaya. Uyezve, panguva iyoyo paiva vachishingaira voruzhinji itsva, iyo nhasi vanhu vashoma rangarira - Tauriranai pakati vokuGermany of Volga nharaunda, North Caucasus zvokuvhoterwa, Lithuanian-Belarusian Republic uye nevamwe.

Zvadaro, zvose yaiona uye miganhu siyana chikatsiviwa mamiriro yakajeka, iyo yaisanganisira-weDanho matatu utariri hurongwa: nharaunda (Region) - District - nzvimbo. Mushure nemakore 1930s. districting kwainzi kuchenjera, administrative-miganhu weboka RSFSR vakagamuchira fomu umo waivapo kusvikira pokuwa USSR.

The miganhu weboka Russian Federation, wakati nhaka zvikuru kubva Soviet nguva, izvozvo zvachinja zvose quantitatively uye qualitatively. Zvikurukuru, panzvimbo 16 zvionera chinoda kuti vaiva chikamu RSFSR, mava 21 ari Russian zvokuvhoterwa, kodzero uye rusununguko zviri kunowedzera chaizvo.

Zvinenge zvose zvionera kunzvimbo, kunze kumatunhu dzechiJudha uye zvionera vagamuchirawo mamiriro chinoda, rinooneka mira kubva mundima uye kumatunhu. The itsva chinzvimbo pakati vanotongwa Russian Federation akasimbisa kwete nebumbiro remitemo, vakagamuchirwa muna 1993 chete, asiwo bilateral zvibvumirano zvakatendeka vakagumisa pakati Centre uye kumatunhu kare kuma1990.

The administrative-miganhu weboka Russia yava kupfuura yakaoma chaizvo kumwedzi. Izvi zvakafanira, kune rumwe rutivi, chokwadi kuti zvidzidzo vakawanda havagoni vakazvimiririra kuzadzisa zvavo evanhu sungiro, uye pane dzimwe - saka kuti ichiripo makakatanwa uye ngozi separatist pfungwa munyika dzinoverengeka chinoda National.