Spanish mapanga: Photo uye tsananguro. Kitchen mapanga, kuvhima uye ushanyi

Ngatitarisei kuti chii chinoumba Spanish mapanga. Makamboona Navajo? Of rwisana zvose rinopeta mapanga ndiyo yakakurumbira! muenzaniso uyu ndiyo mai ano tactical mapanga. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ndicho hurongwa muhondo banga Spanish anonzi nechigadziko: anoritsanangura vakasikwa anenge ose machisi iri pfupi mashizha.

swordsmanship

Vazhinji vose, unyanzvi fence muEurope yakazokudziridzwa muMediterranean munyika. In Spain, mutambo zvaisanganisira vakuru nevana. Muna 1474, tenzi wenyika ino - fencers Panza of Perpignan uye Pedro De Torres - yakabudisa wokutanga basa yakadhindwa, richitsanangura melee. Kazhinji, chikoro Spanish zvikuru pakasikwa fence enyika muEurope.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvokutengeserana zvombo muSpain zvakare inozivikanwa zvayo kare. Minondo zvombo wehurumende ichi vave yakakurumbira Europe yose. Pamwe refu bladed chombo yakanga yakakurumbira hembe aiva pfupi chipande - stilettos, Spanish mapanga, mapakatwa.

Spanish kuchiyo banga (cuchillo) Somuenzaniso - nyore zvinhu pamwe yaitsigira divi Sharpening. Nenzira, saka uyo zvose unocheka chombo ane yakamisirwa chipande (kuvhima, kubika, shoemaking, etc.), saka chimiro uye kukura kuchiyo kazhinji siyana.

Dag, kusiyana kuchiyo, akagadzirirwa hondo uye kuzvidzivirira. Aiva rinorema munondo pamwe dzakabudirira hilt uye chipande, otonga kureba 40 cm. Externally Dag somunondo diki. Spanish werudzii fence "miekka and Daga" akasiyana nevamwe pakuti tenzi kuvapa muruoko rimwe akabata munondo mune dzimwe - munondo.

Spanish kurwa mapanga

anonakidza Spanish rwisana banga Punya (punal). It rakagadzirirwa nokukanda uye kubaya. Chinonyanya kushamisa ndiyo banga weNavajo. Aiva mukurumbira chaizvo pakati ose Spanish mapanga. chigadzirwa ichi ndicho baba zvose European Kumbofungatira mapanga, akashongedzerwa aine zvechizarira.

First Spanish refu Kumbofungatira banga haana kusiyana kubva chinyakare Europe. Pachena mamiriro akabatwa kuti mhikuriso refu, inova kuwedzera shank. Zvadaro, magadzirirwo ichi yazova chaiwo nokuti yakarurama reza, uye kuti vamwe vagadziri kuita nhasi. Asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vari zvishoma nezvishoma ne yakachengeteka zvikuru namano. Kazhinji izvi reza vageri kwete chete kushandiswa, asi vanachiremba vakaperekedza oparesheni yavo.

weNavajo

The zita "Navajo" rinobva muchiLatin zita reza - "novakula» (novacula). A kusagadzikana pashure imwe mhikuriso refu kwazvo shank vatenzi vakanga chikatsiviwa shizha chitubu, iyo anoiswa pamusoro mubato iri banga. mudziyo iyi kwazvo usability zvibereko izvi: vaigona kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana epamba.

Banga kubata Navajo ari nyore nezvimiro zvayo kubva chete chikamu hwamanda. Its chipande upamhi ndiyo maviri matatu minwe uye yemichindwe vaiva refu papepa fomu. Zvinofadza kuti kekutanga pamusoro chinhu ichi dzinotaurwa XIII-XV emakore.

Navajo banga ikava kurwa chombo ne yakamisirwa chipasa kuburikidza nemitemo zviremera Spanish, dzakanga yakabudiswa XIII remakore. Zvakanga nenguva ino mhando chigadzirwa akave nokugamuchira widest kufambiswa. Pashure dzakatevedzana mitemo youmambo rinongotaura kodzero rezasi vemapoka: vakarambidzwa kuva pachake simbi dzavo chando pamwe yakamisirwa reza. Muzana XVI remakore kurambidzwa akapa vafudzi, varimi uye navapfuri vesimbi. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvinhu zvakadaro pamusoro rinopeta mapanga kwete kuvhiyiwa.

marudzi mashizha

Navahos patani Classic kwave modeled kuti XVI remakore zvachose. nzvimbo Major, apo kugadzirwa mapanga ava dzichiitika, vaiva Albacete, Valencia, Bonilla, Ciudad Real, Granada, Mora, Watch, Santa Cruz of Mudela, Toledo, Thiruvananthapuram uye Jaen. NaSeti kugadzirwa uye Spanish bhayoneti kune otomatiki pfuti CETME L, iyo yakatanga muna 1981. Chete anenge 60,000 mishonga izvi kugadzirwa kuti Spanish Army. bhayoneti chipande akaita maviri chipande asymmetrically akaisa, ayo zvachose kureba 335 mm.

Maiziva here kuti kwaiva kuwanda mhando Navahos? Sezvo zita "Navajo" - the seboka zita nebanga Kumbofungatira pamwe yakamisirwa chipande, kushanduka yaro Spanish akasiyana nharaunda vakadanwa zvakasiyana: "herramenenta" (zino uye nyanga), "moyosa" (munzwa), "pintxos" (vatungamirire) "Corte" (chipande), "Abanico" (the dzinoshandisa), uye vamwe.

Mugore klassiske shanduro iyi mharidzo banga mubato akanga akakokonyara uye tapered kumagumo. Chipande yakaitwa somunhu rakamanikana jira. Kuwedzera dzekare chimiro, pane zvakawanda maviri mhando mashizha: akasimba uye rakafara panzvimbo kwakabva zita "Albacete". Chimwe nevakawanda mhando kwainzi Bandolero.

Long chipande panguva yayo muromo akanga yakanyatsoiswa ane concave Trim chipande, iyo chaizvo dzinounzwa "dumbu." Mumabhuku ano, iyo inotaura pamusoro mapanga, chimiro ichi anonzi "chipande ane beveled garo" (mu Chirungu Literature - Vanthan pfungwa).

vakadzi Spain

Spanish mudzimai chaizvo tisanzwe kudzivirira kunaka kwavo uye rukudzo. In hondo mukono muchivadzvinyirira ivo nguva dzose kwakavabatsira mukutsiri anokosha mukurwa - duku hadzi weNavajo. Rainzi "Salwa Vigreux» (Salvavirgro - muchengeti kukudzwa). Kubva mapanga varume mupepa duku saizi (pakachena ezvinhu kureba kwayo kwakanga akaenzana 15-20 cm) uye zvoumbozha apedzerana.

Vakadzi Navajo aipfeka pachipfuva chake pasi wake mapfekero, kana stocking garter pagumbo. Zvapedzisira nzira kwave zvikuru nevanhu. mushonga yakavanzwa pasi wake siketi. Asi kana zviri zvinopesana mupendero tenzikadzi wake achamuka pamusoro mumwe muganhu, mumaoko wemadzimai vakadzokera kuna weNavajo, izvo pakarepo anogadza kufamba.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Spain kwakakurumbira chaizvo dzakaitwa nemaoko mapanga: Inertial pamwe frontal ejection chipande, zvekumwe specimens ane Kumbofungatira mubato, unomonereka chipande, uye vamwe. vanhuwo zvavo vakawanda vakashanda yemizambiringa uchishandisa Navajo aine kirisendi reza.

mhando Navahos

Mune dzimwe shanduro chipande vakachenesa Navahos akapeta kupinda mubato chete hafu kureba. Externally, yakadaro chigadzirwa haana kumbosiyana kubva nyore pfupi banga chipande, iro aiwanzoshandiswa kugadzira epamba diki. Asi panongopera chipande anovhura, izvozvo kaviri kureba. Muzana XVIII remakore, chikwata ichi akanga mberi mune imwe mumuhara / nemapanga Estaing akasika Admiral wokuFrance Charles d'Estaing.

Saka, takawana, Navajo - huru kupfuura rinopeta mapanga. Kazhinji, zvavaisiita kureba mharidzo iri rakawedzerwa muchimiro akanga akaenzana masendimita 45. Nokuda curved pamupinyi Navahos murwi vaigona kushandisa pfuti kubata, iyo, pamwe anoyevedza kureba mubato kunowedzera nguva kure izvo zvaiita kuti neutralize muvengi.

Sezvineiwo, vamwe mienzaniso Navajo rakavhurika nzvimbo yakasvika mita urefu (anozivikanwa kunyange ivhu ane kureba 185 cm). zvigadzirwa yakadaro inonzi "novahon" (navajon). With novahona aizokwanisa adzivise anokumhan'arira aine bladed nebanga refu kwazvo. Kana chipande rakapfupika kupfuura bakatwa, chinetso ichi ndanyarara hangu kushandisa simba ngowani kana jasi, clamped kurudyi somurwi kuruboshwe.

Navajo - chombo anotyisa

Saka, Navajo kubva asingapeteki akazotsiviwa nemapepa aipeteka mhuri banga ikava muedzo hembe ruoko rwisana: kwayo chipande chakati nguva dzose zvakanaka akasungwa kuwedzerwa muchimiro. Lock (zvechizarira) ari chipande ane chimiro simbi ubvise - chitubu yaigadzirwa sezvo rocker. Akanga dzakabatanidzwa mubato pedyo garo.

Pakachena muchimiro kuzvimba pamusoro shank pakati chipande akaiswa mugomba iri chitubu uye chinonditadzisa netsaona Kumbofungatira reza. Q chinokonzera nezvokugadzirwa kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi chipande chakati atariswa nemiedzo nyore. Zvikuru nzira yakakurumbira kutarisa unhu zvipande ndiyo zvinotevera bvunzo: kupfeka patafura rimwe kana mashoma yemhangura mari. Kana, pashure kubaya chipande akaramba asina kukuvadzwa uye haina kuumbwa, uye mari vakanga kubayiwa, zvaionekwa kuti kuongorora zviri mumaoko uye risanyatsobuda vakakwana.

Dzimwe nguva mapanga Spanish kuongororwa kushandisa remuti kusatombofunga 5 masendimita paukobvu. The yepamusoro chigadzirwa, kwaiva kuti gomba kuburikidza wokutanga Pin.

nekuipira Navahos

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Navahos aine mhete mamiriro akanga zvainovhiringidzawo ayo: zvakafanira kuisa akawanda achiedza kuitira kusimudza vanachandagwinyira detent chitubu - banga pedhi. Chaizvoizvo akaisa chigadzirwa kwave chaizvo, zvakaoma chaizvo. Mune vatenzi yemberi modeled Chokwadi, yamunenge hurongwa. Raishandiswa panzvimbo rin'i rinokosha mhikuriso diki (Basque retainer). Navahos kiya mudziyo razova zvikabva rimwe zvikuru nevanhu uye yakavimbika mhando dzevhudzi kuitika Kumbofungatira mapanga - "Castle on garo Nereza» (kumashure kiya).

Chimwe chezvinhu kuziva uye enigmatic Misiyano ichi chinoshamisa kutonhora simbi mapanga vari ratchet. Kokutanga kutaura pamusoro pavo pakati XVII remakore, zvinoita sokuti vari Thiruvananthapuram. The shank pakati chipande muenzaniso uyu aiva mazino shoma, dzimwe nguva kunze muchimiro giya. Kana muridzi akarivhura, nguva dzose yakapa kubvisa maitiro ruzha "krrrak", akapa zita iri mhando weNavajo.

Functionality of shank saka kure hapana anoziva. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti kurira anoshanda senyevero kune muvengi, banga seaiti: "! Ndiri kuenda newe" Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti mudziyo uyu unobvumidza vanoshandisa hwokuchengetedza chipasa ari muchimiro Semi-rakashama. Zvisinei, mune zvose weNavajo-Carrack, kupona, akavimbika Kuda kutamba pamusoro chipande kunosimbiswa chete kana zviri zvizere rakashama.

Zvimuti hwokuzvinyima chitarisiko

Pakutanga, mubato Navahos vatenzi kubva chidimbu yose runyanga kubva dzenhoroondo Navahos vane curved chimiro. Papera chinguva, mubato akaitwa ichi mhando mapanga vawana kwerima guru idzva. Akazviratidza mhando packet, vakapakata inoisa simbi, izvo anotakura Mapedhi zvakasikwa kubva hwakasimba matanda uye mapfupa. The tapered magumo ane tapered finial zviitiko zvakasikwa kubva simbi, pamwe chete kana peya marozari pakupedzisira. Kuwedzera Pazvibato ane zvinyoronyoro munyonga vawana mukurumbira zvikuru muenzaniso ane raidudzwa "kink", akaisa pedyo nomugumo. Vaiva chaiwo pommel - ". Muswe imwe chinyavada" dzimwe nguva mashizha maduku vari akagadzira chete yakarurama maoko.

Poor vanhu vanobvuma kuva Navajo anozviramba-akatarira, chete kushongedzwa riri nyore chishongo, akadhindwa ari chipande kana mubato. Kazhinji aishanda kusvikira chipande kutyisidzira zvakanyorwa se "Panongotanga banga rangu Zvakubata, hapana chiremba haigoni kukubatsira", "Sevilla nokusingaperi ndiyeukei tenzi wangu," "chirikadzi Musiki" uye zvichingodaro.

VokuSpain Wealthy rakazvibvumirawo neImba specimens anodhura, vamwe vari mienzaniso unyanzvi zvombo anoshamisa. Kazhinji, ava vaiva zvigadzirwa zvakasikwa namaoko: kuti kwavari akashandisa dzenzou, ndarama nesirivha.

The kambani Arcos

Asi isu wauya kuti anonakidza zvikuru kambani! Spanish Arcos kambani rinorondedzera zvakaitika wayo kubva 1875: ipapo mutaundi duku Albacete tenzi akavhura chitoro duku, icho mubasa pagadzirwe chigero, homwe mapanga nemapanga. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanhu vakarega kushandisa mapanga, asi kukudzwa kicheni mazano, ndakatengeswa pasi zvizivikanwe Arcos, chef nyanzvi munyika kuongororwa pakarepo.

Today Arcos ndiye kambani iri European pamwero. It ane vaviri mafekitari mupurovhinzi Albacete dzinokwana vanenge 30.000 mativi mamita. By bhuku Kugadzirwa chechipiri pakukura kambani zvinotora Arcos! Mapanga ichi kambani muSpain akatora mugove 60%.

The kambani pave kwete chete waifarirwa yokutevedzera akafanana chinozivikanwa "chefs vatatu", asi anokosha - mapanga kuti oysters, chizi, nokuti aisvuta hove, Sarimoni, boning, chingwa, miriwo, "Japanese mukuru chigadzirwa" uye kunyange unocheka zvombo okuti aurayiwe.

The kambani Arcos mapanga unobereka naka! Mukuwedzera, kambani anopa marudzi ose namasanhu uye mashizha isingadyiwi, zvigero zvokuchekesa uye chiine "Kukodzera masutukezi", iro rine zvose unofanira kuti mubiki.

Mapanga makasimba 'Muela "

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, maoko indasitiri kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka muSpain. maoko ake chando uye kunovhima nepfuti vari rakakurumbira munyika yose. Vazhinji Spanish yemakambani mapanga dzidzira kweShanduro makopi, chete zvakagadzirirwa kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Pakati pavo vane makambani kuti asike zvinhu zvinodhura kuti chikamu akaita ruoko vakawanda, uye yemakambani anogadzira imwe batch mangé kugadzirwa.

Huru inogadzirwa mapanga It yaiva Toledo uye Albacete. Kazhinji, pano pave inotonhora simbi iri hombe chaizvo, pamwe guru anodzivira Zvimuti zvokurwa design, kujairika nokuda vavhimi Russian.

Chikonzero ichi kuti mapanga Spanish achiri asina akawana mukurumbira kuRussia, pasinei yepamusoro simbi mashizha, chakanakisisa akavaka uye zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvimiti.

Ngatimboonai imwe kushandiswa zvakasimba, "Muela" izvo vagara mhuri anazvo Muela. Zvinonzi rakamiswa mune Spanish taundi Argamasilya of Calatrava. Nhasi pakuburitswa vanenge makumi matanhatu vanhu unyanzvi siyana.

Modern Muela mapanga vari pakati vakanakisisa munyika. The kambani yayo Museum mapanga, izvo rinochengeta makopi zvose zvinhu zvayo. Uyezve, nokuti vanoita urongwa ichi vabereke rinokosha dzinotevedzana mapanga, izvo vasiri pasi chokuti: vari vakapakata rakapamhamha mashizha ane mbiri refu mashizha. Cheka nezvimiti wakavezwa kubva dzenzou kana Ebony. Ndokugadzira kana limiters anoshanda sirivha Kudzingwa, akaita muchimiro musoro musii, nondo kana zvimwe mhuka. The chiratidzo ichi kambani mufananidzo nondo musoro "MM" akanyorwa mabhii pakati penyanga ake.

Mapanga nokuti dzinovhima muchiSpanish manyorerwo - guru uye hombe, makuru kufanira oma mazano. Ivo achibudiswa batch matatu - yokutevedzera mashanu, uye mumwe Somuenzaniso ane zita. Asi vavhimi shoma kuzvishandisa: kukura, uremu uye magadzirirwo havasi akakodzera. Somuenzaniso, muna Russia hadzingoshandi kunovhima banga ane refu munondo reza. Asi mumwe nomumwe dzino pane muenzaniso kuti zvose parameters ayo - vakawanda, mamiriro uye kukura, zvinogona kunzi kundovhima.

Ndezvipi zvimwe mapanga okuvhimisa dzinoitwa vanatenzi zvinoshamisa kambani "Muela"? O, ivo kubereka kuvhima mapanga urefu 245, 250 uye 260 mm pamwe kupfuura madzinde kureba maviri mashizha 140, 155, 160, 170 uye 180 mm. zvigadzirwa aya anenge aine Pazvibato, wakaita chete nondo antler. Hand chakakandirwa limiters akagadzawo nemifananidzo dzomusango musii musoro, imbwa, antelopes uye nondo. Dagger Chokwadi, zvikuru hombe: vanoyera kubva 0.5 kusvika 0.75 makirogiramu. zvigadzirwa izvi hazvisi chisingakoshi, saka vashumire kushongedzwa okuvhimisa hofisi netsika kana kuvhima.

Kazhinji kambani mhuri mhuri Muela kusika zvinoshamisa kunovhima mashizha kwemakore anopfuura mashanu. Zvechokwadi, muna musanganiswa wekambani varipo kwete chete kuvhima mapatani nhasi. "Muela" kunobereka veimba uye Handheld yokutevedzera, unocheka zvombo Diving, umbozha dzakaitwa nemaoko mapanga, kukri, Kits kufamba, maturusi nokuti kucheka zvichingodaro. Asi, chokwadi, vagara chekambani forte mapanga vavhimi.