Protectionist matanho: ndezvipi?

ngwarirai kuti zvakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu kukura kubudirira ehurumende uye upfumi hwayo. Ivo vanogona kunge kuitika panguva vakaronga kukura vanhu, kana vakasikwa yoga. Ndizvo okupedzisira chinoumba tinenge kukurukura munyaya ino.

Chii protectionism?

Vanonzi kudzivirirwa kwoupfumi wenyika, kutungamirirwa mugadziri munyika. Zvinonzi wakaratidzwa fenzi hupfumi nemauto kubva makwikwi nezvavatorwa zvinhu. Akaitawo kusimudzira kunze kwenyika yayo yemakwikwi zvigadzirwa mumusika vatorwa. Matanho protectionist policies zvainanga kukura National zvoupfumi uye ayo kudzivirira kupfurikidza mutero / non-mutero murau. The kupikiswa huru kuti uzivi ane "musika yakasununguka".

Chii protectionism?

Kune mamwe marudzi:

1. Real-nguva kudzivirirwa. Rinoreva rutsigiro nzira dzinokosha sectors (akadai zvokurima), neutera iyo nyika ingadai vanoshupika muhondo.
2. Temporary kuchengetedzwa. Rinoshandiswa kutsigira maindasitiri kuti vachangobva kusikwa, uye kuti nguva inodiwa kuti kusimba uye kukwikwidzana pose vezera.
3. Mhinduro. Shandisa kana nemugwagwa vakaroorana kusuma mitemo vamwe kutanga.

Mhando unodzivirira

Zvichienderana nemiitiro, govera marudzi akadaro:

1. Kusarudza protectionism. Rinoreva kudzivirirwa imwe chigadzirwa kana chimwe mamiriro.
2. Industry protectionism. Saka akadana kudzivirira nzvimbo zvoupfumi sectors (somuenzaniso, zvingava zvakafanana kurima).
3. Collective protectionism. Saka akadana yakawiriranwa kudzivirira nyika dzinoverengeka kuti vave vakabatana sungano.
4. Yakavanzwa protectionism. kudzivirira ichi, umo asiri tsika unyanzvi (kweiyi upfumi, etc.) anoshandiswa.

Protectionist matanho muRussia uye mamwe nyika

Zvii zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira epamba maindasitiri? Russian matanho protectionist ichakurukurwa, asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nyika pedyo chaizvo, kana mungashandisa navo (zvichienderana nyika). Saka, shandisa:

1. Antitrust murau. Protectionist matanho iyi kunoreva aiming panguva kudzivirira zvezvipfuwo vaburitsi, uye kutanga makwikwi ezvinhu. Pano, mukati yechinangwa zvido huripo murau rokudzora nevhu rakawandisa, uyewo nokushanda mashandiro kudzivirira pakasikwa chimedu izvi. Huru muviri, iyo anobata ari Implementation urongwa uhwu ndiye FAS.
2. Tsika uye mutero murau. Protectionist matanho iyi vane Dual hunhu. Saka, inotaura nokuiswa rairambidzwa kupinzwa kuti mamwe zvinhu (zvakadai simbi zvigadzirwa, makemikari, etc.) - iri tsika mitemo. Uyewo vvezonnaya zvose zvigadzirwa pasi basa, izvo rinowanikwa maererano imwe zvazvingava. Saka, zvinova anodhura, uye mudzimba zvinhu kukwikwidzana nyore naye.
3. Non-mutero murau. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana matanho kuti vari kubatwa gadziriro administrative murau. Pano protectionism chinogona kutaurwa rubatsiro kuti Export yepamusorosoro zvigadzirwa (chibvumirano pamusoro rehurumende chechetere, kuratidzira), nokusika bureaucratic zvipingamupinyi kuti importers nezvimwe zviito zvakafanana.
4. Kweiyi itsva kukura. Nokufamba kwenguva refu zvinogona kushanda nezvimwe zvinhu zvichaparadzwa apera. Kuvandudza uye kurarama zvakafanira anobatsira utsanzi. Saka, mumwe mutemo kuwedzera basa michina yemhando yepamusoro kukura. Uyewo kwakamutsa kuwedzera mugove mari zvainanga pakatanga itsva yepamusoro zvigadzirwa. Makambani kuti vari kuita izvi, kuwana zvakawanda rutsigiro.
5. Rutsigiro diki uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi. It runoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera kwenhamba yaiona zvipingamupinyi, anoitwa bhizimusi kunyoresa uye kuita bhizimisi hurumende.
6. Kuunza anokwezva zvakatipoteredza inivhesitimendi. Pano mamiriro aenda pamusoro nzira yokuderedza zvachose mutero mutoro, riri entrepreneurial nyaya. Pakazosvika 2020, rinopa richikwidibira mitero iri bhajeti ezvinhu ari Russian Federation kusvika 33 muzana pachiyero kwakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pfungwa yacho hwakapiwa Russian Federation. Asi saizvozvo pane dzimwe nyika munyika.