Mutemo wenyika yose wezvakatipoteredza - nzira yepamutemo yekudzivirira pasi rose

Kwemakore makumi maviri, mhirizhonga yenyika yose yakanyanyisa kunetseka pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda. Nokudaro, zvakajeka mukati mehutano hwemitemo yenyika kuti bazi "mutemo wenyika yose wezvakatipoteredza" yakaumbwa. Masangano ehurumende ehurumende akawedzera urongwa hwemitemo yepamutemo yakaronga kutanga kwekusimudzira, masangano ekuchengetedza zvakasikwa kubva pamigumisiro yevanhu. Nokudaro, tinofanira kunyatsofunga nezvechikamu chino chekudyidzana kwenyika dzakawanda.

Tsanangudzo nemitemo yemutemo wenyika yose

Iyi indasitiri inofanira kuonekwa semubatanidzwa wemitemo nemitemo, kuchengetedzwa kunoitwa kuchengetedza kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye, zvakare, inobvumira kushanda kubudirira kwe nzira dzekuvandudza mararamiro ayo nemasangano epamutemo.

Sei mutemo wekugara kune dzimwe nyika wepasi pose wakaoma uye unokosha? Mhinduro yacho inogona kuva iyo, kubvira kumazana makumi mashanu ezana remakore rapfuura, kukura nokukurumidza kwemabhizimisi kwakakonzera kusvibiswa kwepasi rose kwezvakasikwa. Mukuwedzera, nhamba inokura yehurumende yezvematongerwo enyika yakatungamirira kukurudzirwa kwehutano hwakabatana kune zvinodiwa zveurongwa hwezvakatipoteredza. Muchirevo ichi, mamwe mazano emitemo yenyika yose yezvakatipoteredza yakagadzirwa. Vaiva:

1. Nhungamiro yenyika - inogona kubudiswa sezvinotevera - kana pane dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza, sarudzo yacho ndiro basa revanhu vose venyika. Uye iyi inonyanya kushandiswa. Kufanirwa kurangarira chibvumirano chekusunungurwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumhepo yekudenga kana kurwisana nemigumisiro yeaini yekuchera mune imwe nzvimbo yemvura. Mukuwedzera, iyi nheyo inobatana zvikuru nekuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi akasiyana siyana;

2. nheyo yehupenyu hwevanhu vese hwezvinhu zvakasikwa zviri kunze kwenharaunda yenyika. Inoratidzirwa mukuti hapana hurumende ine kodzero yekureva mineral resources kana iri kunze kwenharaunda dzayo;

3. Nheyo dzerusununguko rwekudzidza uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mutemo wekubatana kwepasi rose mukutsvakurudza kwezvakatipoteredza;

4. Nhungamiro yekunyatsogadziriswa mukushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa;

5. Nheyo yekusagamuchirwa kwekuvhiringidzika kwevanhu vose uye nekuda kwemabasa ehondo zvikuru uye / kana kuparadzwa kwayo;

6. nheyo yemhosva yekudarika kwezvakatipoteredza.

Iyi mitemo inongova chikamu chimwe chete chezvose, kusanganisira, kunyanya, mitemo yakawanda yemutemo wenyika dzakawanda.

Izvo zvinosungirwa zvekuita kweiyo mazano zvakabva pane zvinyorwa pane izvo zvisizvo mubvunzo iri mubvunzo rinoshanda.

Sources yemutemo wenyika yose yezvakatipoteredza

Nzira imwe chete kune maitiro ekuratidza kwekodzero iyi haipo. Vamwe vanyori vanovaparadzanisa muzvikamu zvitatu:

1. zvibvumirano zvisingawirirani zvakananga nekodzero iri pasi pekufungisisa;

2. zvibvumirano zvine zvinyorwa zvakasiyana;

3. Zvibvumirano zvakananga zvakananga kumutemo wenyika yose wezvakatipoteredza.

Vamwe vanosiyanisa tsika dzinowanzoenderana nezvibvumirano zvematongerwo enyika. Isuwo tiri kufarira kune zvinyorwa zvinobva mumutemo wenyika yose wezvakatipoteredza. Kusiyanisa mhando mbiri: kuzivisa uye kokorodzano. Yokutanga inofanira kusanganisira Declaration ya 1972 pamatambudziko ehupenyu hwevanhu, apo kubatana kwese kwakapfurikidza kwakavakwa. Yechipiri ndiyo Mvumo yeSwed-range Transboundary Air Pollution, yakagadzirwa muna 1979, Gungano rekuchengetedzwa kweAzone Layer, rakabvumirwa muVienna (Austria) muna 1985, uye mamwe maitiro anotarisa zvisikwa.

Nokudaro, nhasi mutemo wenyika yose wezvakatipoteredza ndiyo inzvimbo inokosha inotarisirwa kuchengetedza kurongeka kwenyika yose mumasikirwo, pamwe nekuchengetedza nyika yezvisikwa zvezvizvarwa zvichauya.