Mhuka yacho Red Book kwenharaunda Samara: rondedzero uye mifananidzo

Kufunga vanoparadza zviwanikwa vanhu panyika zvaireva kuti dziripo kare kare chitarisiko mhuka uye zvinomera upenyu zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kufa.

Unogona Chokwadi, vanokanganwa kuti zuva nezuva panyika yose uye mumwe nomumwe munzvimbo yaro akanyangarika chemhuka kana Tupukanana vamwe mutsa, asi mugumisiro pamusoro nguva ichava chimwe - Pasi richava kukodzera kuti upenyu.

nyika imwe neimwe ine yayo uchapupu kutsakatika kuchaita zvakasikwa - Red Book, izvo kuti pangozi mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Nemhuka Samara nharaunda, akanyorwa muna Red Book, hakusi kurwadziwa.

Samara nharaunda

Maererano rwokuzvarwa Samara nharaunda anoenzanisa zvakanaka nevamwe nharaunda Russian kuti zvichienderana dzakawanda dzinongoitika dzoga. In nharaunda iyi pane steppes, makomo, masango uye masango-inowanzorimwa. Sezvo chando munguva chando zera uye haana asvika nzvimbo iyi, pane kukura miti, akachengetedzwa kubva nguva idzodzo. Ichi chinhu apo neapo chiitiko, uye kunonyanya Urombo kuti nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka kuti ariko makumi ezviuru zvemakore kuti kunyangarika nokuda basa nevanhu.

It anoponesa mamiriro ezvinhu yakarongwa mukunopera 20-ies Zhiguli Reserve, asi achiri kubvumira Red Book of Samara kudunhu akaramba kuderedza kwevanhu vavo.

Samara nharaunda inoremekedzwa nharaunda, vakawanda unoenda kurudyi kumahombekombe Volga uye akashevedza Trans-Volga. 9 chete% kubva kumucheto inowira kuruboshwe pamahombekombe erwizi, anonzi Pre. Munharaunda pane makungwa maviri, artificially kuumbwa Kuibyshev uye Saratov HPP. Uyewo, pane vane 306 dzinongoitika pazvivako, vamwe iri norudzi kukosha.

Pangozi rezvipembenene

Kana iwe kuongorora uyo akanyorwa muna Red Book of Samara nharaunda, pakati vamiririri mhuka nyika pane 17 emaruva rezvipembenene ane vakawanda ari kudzikira ose gore. Izvi zvinosanganisira mapoka Orthoptera uye dragonflies, uye zvipembenene, Lepidoptera uye Hymenoptera. Most rova mhando:

• Dozorschik-mambo - mumwe guru munyika yose dragonflies. The mapapiro Tupukanana uku kusvika 50 neMM, girini muviri neshamhu dema. The muswe ngakuite riri zvitema, ukuwo mukadzi - green, asiwo avo dzimwe pamwe yose shure anomhanya dema bhendi. Miti iyi dragonflies nendege uye kuvhima nokukurumidza, mubati tumbuyu vachishandisa yakatesvera panyanga dzacho pamusoro makumbo, Nderipi "tswanda" mutsa kuti andobata zvakatapwa. Chikonzero kunyangarika - kusvibiswa miviri mvura, nekwavanogara, mishonga yezvipembenene. Kurarama Zhiguli Reserve.

• Hono beetles hakusi chete akanaka chaizvo uye rakaisvonaka chitarisiko, asiwo ari kupfuura nhengo murayiro nondo hono mu Europe. Chikonzero rutapudzo kuti vanhu vadzo ndiko kuparadzwa dzinongoitika nzvimbo. Hono zvipembenene kurarama uye dzinoberekera hunde dzacho emiti akare. Timber indasitiri kazhinji anobvumira miti "akare."

Vamwe kwemarudzi rezvipembenene vodivshiesya mumativi izvi, haisi mhuka Red Book of Samara nharaunda. Vanoonekwa vari ndandanda Russian uye European zvisingawanzoitiki tumbuyu dzakadai Apollo vanhuwo, ndebvu Alpine nevamwe.

Rare mhando zvinomera

Muna Samara nharaunda mune zvinopfuura 2000 marudzi zvinomera. 20 chete% nharaunda yayo ndiko dondo, vamwe - Mafuro, inowanzorimwa uye dondo inowanzorimwa.

Masango Inonyanya Scots vanoondoroka, pomuouki, Birch, Linden, Maple uye elm. The mubereko mukuru ndivo Mafuro, sezvazvakanyorwa dzaitongwa chisingawanzowaniki zviitiko chinodzivirira Red Book of Samara nharaunda. Mhuka nezvinomera tunogara nomumatondo, tiri pasi zvikuru ngozi zvitsakatike kupfuura mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Abva mvura Mafuro kunotanga nokukurumidza kuwedzera zvisingawanzoitiki zvinomera, izvo vanoparadzwa nevanhu kuti purofiti.

Pakati pavo, 60 mhando primroses: Tulip Schrenk, ruva mumupata, Adonis chitubu, AND tulip pasi, European yose uye nevamwe vakawanda.

Vazhinji miti ava semushonga, saka kuparadzwa kwavo ufuza ndiyo apara mhosva "On kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvakasikwa."

pangozi

Mhuka yacho Red Book of Samara nharaunda vanongogara mungozi kutsakatika. Mumakore 100 apfuura, kubva nharaunda nharaunda iyi zvachose akanyangarika 19 mhuka marudzi, kusanganisira zvisvundu nebere, otter, uye makwapa nondo.

Pakati isingawanzowanikwi mhando - Muskrat Russian, ndicho chikamu chikuru mumiriri Mbeswa mhuka, kwete chete kuRussia asiwo Europe. Kana muviri kureba 22 masendimita kusvikira muswe hwemhuka anogona kusvika masendimita 21, uye uremu - kubva 380 kusvika 500 magiramu. Tsoka Webbed uye kwete kunyorova mumvura rive mbava mhuka yakanaka kushambira. Kunyange zvazvo muskrat murombo chaizvo aiona, ndizvo chaizvo muvhimi kuonga kunhuhwidza uye nokubata. dzinogarisana - floodplain wetlands yakawanda zvinomera nezvipembenene kurarama maari.

mhuka iyi inogona kubviswa nokuda varombo mamiriro mvura mitumbi mudunhu zvakakwana.

The European mink

Kana mhuka iri massively vodilos muna Samara nharaunda masango, asi nhasi European mink - mumwe kwemarudzi pangozi kuti mhuka. Zviri mhuka akanaka chiine muviri uye yakanaka mbava-kudya hove, mbeva uye michero, haazombotaurwi nekuti kushandiswa kwevanhu kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye spraying kwemishonga yezvipembenene pamusoro masango.

A inosuruvarisa muenzaniso remakore rechi20 inofanira kuva chidzidzo kune vanogara Samara mudunhu nhasi. Zvikasadaro, pashure pemakore 100 ayo ndima musango mhuka ichasiyiwa zvachose, kana vachange achiyeuchidza Red Book of Samara nharaunda. Mhuka (mapikicha anoratidza izvozvo) haakodzeri kubatwa.

Rare eshiri

Panjodzi shiri marudzi ari Samara nharaunda rinotaura gruiformes, shiri dzinodya nyama, waders, uye mumiririri mumwe kubva hurongwa Ciconiiformes.

Pangozi mhuka Red Book kweRussia (Samara Region), vaisanganisa ne mhando shiri dzakadaro:

• Black Stork - isingawanzowanikwi shiri, kwete chete munzvimbo ino, asi anokosha nzvimbo inogara - Eurasia uye Africa. Saka, maonero kuti kuva kupfuura kungwarira. It matendere gobvu mumasango Zhigulevsky Reserve.

• Falconiformes nechipiriso makondo, Balaban, kuvigwa chikonzero, ernes, Kestrel uye hombe.
• Rare shiri dziri gruiformes demoiselle Crane uye bustard, vanogara manyoro steppes.
• Of waders muna Samara mudunhu mutaviridziro Sociable nemhupupu uye Oystercatcher.

All shiri idzi apo neapo, vanogara kwavo ipfupi, saka hove dzavo kana kupfura hakubvumidzwi nemutemo.

Rare mhando zviremwaremwa

Izvi zvisingawanzoitiki mhando muna Samara nharaunda anomiririrwa vechornytsi hofori. Izvi zviremwaremwa dendere mu rizere mumasango ari floodplain of Samara Bend. The muviri kureba kusvika 105 mm uye mapapiro anosvika 46 masendimita kuti kupfuura mumiriri nechiremwaremwa kwete chete kuRussia asiwo Europe.

Nokuti kuti kwakaderedza vakawanda rezvipembenene kuti zvokudya vechornytsi uyewo akaderedza adzo.

pangozi

Vanoshorwa mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda uye madziva, saka zvikara Red Book of Samara nharaunda kunge kukasawedzerwa ndandanda panjodzi marudzi.

Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Sculpin zvakafanana - hove duku kuti anogara madziva inoyerera mvura yakachena. hove ichi ndakagara vanosarudza kuvanda mumatombo uye vadye furaya dzimwe hove kana benthic invertebrates. Chikonzero kunyangarika - kusvibiswa turbidity mvura miviri.
• Rainbow - mashava Rainbow anoda rwizi ane akurumidze ano. Chikonzero mukuderedza vokuparidzira wakabatanawo kuti kuparara nenzizi Samara mudunhu.

Kana mamiriro ezvinhu haachinji, ipapo Red Book of Samara nharaunda (mhuka, shiri, hove, tupukanana) acharamba kuwedzera nhamba yemapeji.