Kupa mudziyo, kushanda nguva. Internal injini: gasi kuparadzirwa mashandiro

Gas Kuparadzirwa mashandiro mumotokari - chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma mashandiro ari injini kugadzirwa. Management kuti kudya uye pedza mavharuvhu, dzomunyika injini nhema zvachose nguva. Mashandiro anodzora muitiro rokuzadza humburumbira huni mhepo muvhenganiswa kuburikidza nenguva Huro yaunodya vharuvhu munguva yaunodya nevanga. Zvinoitawo anodzora nguva kare nokubviswa chiutsi magasi munyika combustion yomukati - nayo rinovhura chiutsi vharuvhu iri chiutsi nevanga.

mudziyo nguva

Details riini vanoita zvakasiyana mabasa:

• The camshaft anomuzarurira uye rinogumisa mavharuvhu.
• The nemotokari mashandiro kunokonzera camshaft kuenda pane imwe nokukurumidza.
• Mavharuvhu kushama Inlet uye nzira yokubudisa makwara.

Huru zvikamu zviri yokunyatsochengeta nguva camshaft uye mavharuvhu. Michina kana kuparadzirwa, nomubato ari nhengo pamusoro iyo cams vari akaronga. Iye inopepereswa uye rotates pamusoro mabheyaringi. Panguva yaunodya sitiroko kana chiutsi cams dzinongoda pamusoro mugodhi pa kutenderera vari waitsimbirira vharuvhu lifters.

Nguva mashandiro iri humburumbira musoro. The humburumbira musoro ane camshaft uye mabheyaringi kubva kwaari, rocker, mavharuvhu uye vharafu lifters. Yokumusoro chikamu musoro ndiko namahwindo vharafu chivharo, pakaitika iyo kwakaita kushandisa chisimbiso chaiyo.

Kushanda nguva

Nguva oparesheni zvizere nemasiraidhi akapendwa pamwe kuvesa uye mafuta jekiseni. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kana iwe achizviendesa gasi chitiviri anovhura kuti throttle, ari kudya mhepo nokuyerera kupinda yaunodya zvawanda. Zvinoguma mafuta-mhepo nezvakasanganiswa. Pashure rinotanga gasi kugovera mashandiro. Nguva kunowedzera throughput uye pave chiutsi magasi kubva combustion yomukati. To zvakanaka kuita basa iri, zvakafanira kuti kakawanda rinovhura Inlet uye pedza vharafu nguva, akanga akakwirira.

Mavharuvhu vari actuated Distributor injini mugodhi. Kana injini nokukurumidza kuwedzera, anotanga tenderera nokukurumidza uye camshaft, iyo inowedzera kakawanda kuvhura nokuvhara mavharuvhu. Somugumisiro kuwedzera injini kumhanya, uye unodzokera pairi.

Mubatanidzwa wacho crankshaft uye camshaft rinoita kupisa womukati injini ndiyo uwandu mhepo-mafuta nezvakavhenganiswa, iyo inodikanwa injini kushanda mune imwe kupiwa nzira.

Properties nguva, neketani uye bhandi

Camshaft chisimudziso nemotokari iri kunze humburumbira musoro. Kuti tidzivise mafuta leakage kwakaitika pamitsipa nomubato iri shwanu. Riini redunhu kunokonzera yose yepasi mashandiro anofanira panzvimbo uye rumwe kuti sprocket nemhepo kana chisimudziso, uye mumwe transmits simba kubva crankshaft.

Kubva bhandi nemotokari mavharuvhu zvinoenderana zvakarurama uye inowirirana marongerwo pamusoro crankshaft uye camshaft hama kune mumwe. Kunyange zvarakasiya diki pachinzvimbo chingava chikonzero chokuti nguva, injini vachakundikana.

It anonzi chakavimbika kupfuura cheni Kupfuudzwa kushandisa nguva chinotenderera, asi pane zvimwe zvinetso pamwe inodiwa bhandi makakatanwa pamwero. Huru dambudziko aisanganwa vatyairi, riri parumananzombe kuti cheni mashandiro, zvinova yakazaruka, izvo kazhinji kukonzera vachikotama mavharuvhu.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zviri mashandiro zvinosanganisira nguva chinotenderera rinoshandiswa nokunetseka bhandi. Zvazvakashatira nengetani nemotokari nguva, kuwedzera kukundikana pangozi vanosanganisira nemupristi nenhanho ruzha panguva kushanda uye kuda kuchinja ose 50-60 zviuru makiromita.

vharafu giya linked

Pamasikiro vharuvhu mashandiro rinosanganisira vharafu chigaro, mutungamiriri ruoko, vachishandisa kutenderera vharuvhu mashandiro uye zvimwe zvinhu. The simba kubva camshaft iri chakasvitswa netsvimbo kana kuti zvenguva - rocker ruoko kana rocker.

Kazhinji ungawana nguva yakanaka kuti zvinoda kuramba kugadziridza. mazano akadaro vane chaiwo or washers uye screws, vachishandisa kutenderera iyo yakaratidza anodiwa clearances. Dzimwe pakakoromorwa vari kuramba vari otomatiki muoti: Chinja nzvimbo dzavo akaita hydrojacks.

nguva kudzora nhanho

Current yemashoko injini kunge inini kuchinja, pamwe itsva kuzvidzora mugadziriro, izvo kwakavakirwa microprocessors - vanonzi ECU. In munda injini chikuru chinangwa haana chete kuwedzera kugona asiwo mari simba muzvikamu akabudiswa.

Kuvandudza operative chaitwa michini, apo nokuderedza huni kuparadzwa, zvaigoneka chete nokushandiswa yokunyatsochengeta nguva kuzvidzora enyika. Engine pamwe kwakadaro gadziriro kwete chete unopedza zvishoma huni, asi asingaiti kurasikirwa simba, saka kuti vakatanga kushandiswa chaizvo motokari kugadzirwa.

Nheyo kushanda zvakadaro hurongwa ndechokuti kuzvidzora kumhanya vachishandisa kutenderera camshaft nguva. Kutaura zvazviri, mavharuvhu akazarurwa zvishoma apfuura nokuda ndechokuti camshaft rotates yakananga kutenderera. Zvechokwadi, muna injini ano camshaft haachatyi rotates hama kuti crankshaft tichigara nokukurumidza.

The chikuru basa ndiro vakarongeka zvinodiwa injini sepombi zvichienderana ayo akasarudza nokushanda kwadzinoita. Kwakadaro hurongwa kuongorora mamiriro injini uye akarurama dzichifura huni muvhenganiswa: somuenzaniso, idling vhoriyamu yacho kwakaderedza kushanda kushoma, kubva yakawanda mafuta zvinodiwa.

nguva

Zvichitsamira patani zviri mumotokari injini uye camshaft chidimbu nhamba uye mhando Zvifambiso zvinosiyana.

• Chain tikachirega. Zvishoma apfuura nemotokari iyi zvisinei akanga rakajairika, uye zvino inoshandiswa asati Diesel injini. With maumbirwo ichi, mumwe camshaft yaiva humburumbira musoro, uye kufamba nechido cheni nemotokari kubva pinion. Zvakaipira ngarurege ichi - kunzwisisa basa kutsiva bhandi, sezvo riri mukati muinjini kuzadzisa kugara lubrication.
• Gear tikachirega. Akatasva nematarakita anofamba uye michina dzimwe motokari. Very yakavimbika, asi zviri zvakaoma kuramba. A camshaft kuti mashandiro ichi riri pazasi humburumbira chinogumbura, mauri camshaft giya rinonamatira crankshaft giya. Kana nguva iyi mhando kuuya yakapararawo, injini rakachinjwa anenge zvachose.
• Belt tikachirega. The inonyanya kufarirwa mhando iri yakaiswa pamusoro peturu powertrains mu mutakurwi motokari.

Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira of bhandi ngarurege

Belt ngarurege akamuka mukurumbira wayo nokuda kwayo zvakanakira tichienzanisa zvakafanana marudzi Zvifambiso.

• Pasinei nokuti kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakadai kwakaoma zvikuru kupfuura cheni, tinorasikirwa isingadhuri zvikuru.
• It haatarisiri kugara lubrication, saka kuti nemotokari rave zvavakatemerwa Kurutivi rwokunze simba chikwata. Kutsiva nguva uye zvokuongorora somugumisiro wacho yekudyidzana kwakaderera.
• Sezvo simbi zvikamu bhandi kutyaira kwete dyidzana nemumwe sezvo cheni, ruzha pamwero panguva kushanda kunoderedza yekudyidzana.

Pasinei vakawanda mikana, vane bhandi nemotokari uye ayo nekuipira. mashandiro nguva bhanhire iri kanoverengeka kuvatumwa cheni hunokonzera kakawanda kutsiviwa. Kana bhandi breakage angangorema kuita kugadzira injini yose.

Migumisiro nepakumedura kana kunetesa nguva bhandi

Kana nguva cheni hwatsvuka, ruzha pamwero inowedzerawo panguva injini oparesheni. Kazhinji, dambudziko kwakadaro hauzoti chinokonzera chinhu impracticable panyaya kugadziriswa, kusiyana nguva bhandi. Kana kusunungura bhandi uye kurovha pamusoro giya nezino iri zvishomanana nokuvhiringidzirwa kunowanzoitika kushanda zvigadziriswe zvose uye hurongwa. Somugumisiro, izvi zvinogona kunetsa zvinoderedza pamusoro injini simba, vakawedzera vibration panguva oparesheni, zvakaoma kuurayiwa. Kana bhandi pakarepo ndokusvetukira mashoma mazino kana zvachose abvarura, migumisiro zvinogona nezvimwewo chaizvo.

Chinonyanya chisingakuvadzi nzira - ndiko kurwisana pakati pisitoni uye vharuvhu. Impact simba achava zvakakwanira vaikunga pakati vharuvhu. Dzimwe nguva zvakakwana kuti atsaudzire tsvimbo kana kuparadzwa zvachose pisitoni.

Rimwe zvikuru nokukundikana mumotokari raputsika nguva bhandi. The Injini achabva kuti kana pachena guru overhaul kana overhaul wakakwana.

Service nguva bhandi

Padanho bhandi kusawirirana ayo kunopindirana nemamiriro - mumwe inonyanyoshandiswa achiongorora panguva motokari kugadzirwa zvinhu. Kakawanda rokurohwa kunobva zvikurukuru akasarudzei uye muenzaniso muchina. Procedure Control Nguva bhandi makakatanwa: injini iri iongororwe, rwokudzivirira butiro rinobviswa bhanhire, dzakatsigira yokupedzisira ari kuongororwa kuti Curling. Panguva kumonyanisa ichi haina tenderera anopfuura 90 madhigirii. Zvikasadaro, bhanhire iri akasungirirwa nokubatsira chinokosha michina.

kazhinji sei yaitsiva nguva bhandi?

Complete yaitsiva bhanhire inopiwa ose 50-70 zviuru makiromita pakati run mumotokari. Rinogona kutakura kubuda uye kazhinji panyaya kukuvara kana chimiro tichingoda stratification uye makatsemuka.

Zvichienderana mhando uye kunzwisisa riini shanduko bhandi yokutsiva pakuvhiya. To musi, marudzi maviri nguva zvinoshandiswa motokari - maviri (DOHC) kana mumwe (SOHC) camshafts.

chitsividzo nguva

Kuti vaite yaitsiva nguva bhandi mhando SOHC, zvakakwana kuti kuruoko itsva chikamu uye chine screwdrivers uye kiyi.

Tanga wabvisa unodzivirira zvakadaro bhandi. Iye akarisunga kana pamusoro chihuri kana bhaudhi. Mushure dzichibvisa pabutiro anopa kuwana bhandi.

Usati sunungura bhanhire, akaisa nguva mavanga pamusoro camshaft sprocket uye crankshaft. On the crankshaft mavanga anoiswa pamusoro flywheel. Cranks kusvikira nguva chiratidzo pamusoro flywheel redzimba uye zvichienderana ne mumwe. Kana zvose mavanga uwirirane mumwe, kutanga kusunungura abvise bhandi.

Kuti abvise bhandi kubva pinion mugodhi kolenchatnogo, unofanira gujunura nguva chisimudziso. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, motokari jacking uye akabvisa rworudyi vhiri kuti anopa kuwana chisimudziso bhaudhi. Vamwe vavo vari mumakomba kuburikidza paunogona akakiya crankshaft. Kana vakasadaro, ipapo nomubato ndee panzvimbo imwe, akagara ari flywheel mhete sikurudhiraivha uye kusimbisa nayo mumuviri. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru chisimudziso chinobviswa.

Kuwana nguva bhandi anonyatsokwanisa rakazaruka, uye imi muri vakagadzirira kubvisa uye kutsiva. The kupfeka chitsva crankshaft giya uye ipapo rinonamatira mvura pombi, uye zvinopfekwa pamusoro camshaft sprocket. Nokuti tensioning chisimudziso bhandi kupinzwa rokupedzisira chijana. Pashure pezvose, unogona kudzokera zvinhu nenzvimbo nekwekupedzesera. Zvichaita chete sungisa bhandi achishandisa tensioner.

Asati atanga injini, zviri chinodiwa kuti tenderera ari crankshaft kanoverengeka. Kuita izvozvo kuongorora masanga kuti zvisiri uye pashure vachishandisa kutenderera nomubato. Chete pashure kuti injini iri rakatanga.

Zvakakurukurwa riini bhandi yokutsiva nzira

On motokari pamwe DOHC nguva bhandi gadziriro kuchatsiviwa zvishoma zvakasiyana. The chaizvo Mashoko kuchinja nheyo akafanana pamusoro apa, asi kuwana kubva michina yakadaro zvaoma nekuti varipo wakaiswa kuti nekiyi unodzivirira cover.

In nedanho kunangiswa mavanga arangarirwe kuti Cam mashandiro miviri, ukuwo, zvose zvisiri vanofanira zvakazara -enderana.

In pamotokari idzi, kuwedzera mutungamiriri chinotenderera, uye ane rutsigiro chinotenderera. Zvisinei, pasinei kuvapo wechipiri chinotenderera, bhanhire iri rakaiswa pamusoro muperekedzi chinotenderera pamwe tensioner mu azvino chijana.

Mushure bhandi itsva yakaiswa, iratidzwe abvume chitaridzi.

Panguva imwe chete bhanhire uye rollers kwandiri kutsiva sezvo oparesheni wavo ndiye izwi. Chinhu here kuongorora mamiriro nemvura pombi mabheyaringi kuti pashure installation muitiro mutsva zvikamu yokunyatsochengeta nguva kukundikana pombi asingakudzi kuva kushamisika hachifadzi.