Kombiyuta mabasa. Basic kombiyuta uye avo mabasa

Computer unoshandiswa achiva hakuzivani murume ano. Zvisinei, kwete ose muridzi PC anofunga pamusoro chii chaizvo basa anoita zvakakodzera kadambari mudziyo. Shoma vanoshandisa kuziva chii chaizvo wacho Hardware zvinoumba kombiyuta yako. What funktsiiPK? Izvo Hardware zvinoriumba vanobatanidzwa sechivako pachako kadambari?

Key zviri makombiyuta

Ndezvipi zvinhu kombiyuta vangazivikanwa sezvo kiyi? Kune vakawanda nzira nerondedzero yavo. NeChitatu yokuRussia IT-Nyanzvi zvakajairika zano, maererano izvo mabasa ane kombiyuta vanoonekwa zvinotevera zvawanyora:

• date kugadzira;
• date chengetedzo;
• kufamba kwemashoko;
• faira zvakanaka.

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti izvi zvinhu kazhinji zvakajairika kuti mhando dzose makombiyuta. Modern kupatsanura pakati kadambari mano kunoratidza kuti mhando kwavo kuzhinji. Kune tsika hrs, maindasitiri makombiyuta ikoko, uyewo avo kuti vanobatanidzwa sechivako nzira yokufambisa. Chokwadi, mumwe nomumwe paanenge PC achava zvakananga mabasa.

Kana User makombiyuta zvingava Somuenzaniso, kubudiswa Graphics, chinyorwa, kana inzwi. Basa iri-bhodhi kombiyuta imwe ndege nemauto - kune ngozi zano zvakanaka, kwerunyararo kunyatsoshanda kuti zvigadziriswe ayo. Kumbomira specificity maindasitiri kadambari mano achaiswa chokuita kudikanwa zvakarurama kuita yamunenge mukugadzira kushandiswa.

Ngatikurukurei chaizvo nerimwe nevakariri mashandiro dzose makombiyuta ataurwa pamusoro.

Rinoshanda kadambari: date kugadzira

Data kugadzira kombiyuta hurongwa kunosanganisira kurapwa siyana anobudiswa panguva Hardware zvinoumba pakombiyuta. Implementation kwavo kazhinji achiperekedzwa chinokosha mugumisiro nokuda User: kana totaura hrs, ichi chingaitika kusikwa pagwaro kana kuchinja kuti huripo, on-screen kuratidza upi ruzivo, kupinda kana PC kuva Nhaurirano inodzidzisa kuburikidza queries. muridzi kombiyuta, saka, kunosanganisira mashoko kubudiswa mashandiro pamusoro PC paaisika, Editing uye kubereka vana mafaira.

date Storage

Basic kombiyuta Mabasa zvinosanganisirawo mashoko okuchengetera. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro PC, zvinofungirwa placement wavo ari muchimiro mafaira uye folders kunyatsonzwisisa vezvenhau kuti tevera kushandiswa. Data okuchengetera inobva misimboti hurongwa: nayo hwezvekukurukurirana haizopereri kuwanikwa anodiwa mashoko. Files riri kombiyuta yako inogona mushandisi - muridzi nomuridzi, kana maitiro kuti anosika uye anoshandisa PC pachayo.

Kufambira ruzivo

PC basa anogona kududzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Chokutanga, pasi kubvongodzwa mashoko panyaya hrs, rinogona kunzwisiswa sechinhu kwacho umo mumwe kana rimwe faira iri vakakopa rimwe svikiro mumwe (kana ikachinja chinzvimbo hama kuti raanotaura Directory iri faira mugadziriro). Chimwe kurapwa kunosanganisira kwacho kuti mashoko chinopfuudzwa pakati makombiyuta dzakasiyana: kushandisa foni vatakuri (.. CD-ROM nemotokari, nokupenya Zvifambiso, etc.) kana Indaneti kana Lan.

File utariri

Nyaya iyi anotsigira neimwe vatatu vataurwa pamusoro. mafaira vari vakakwanisa sezvo mashoko kurapwa pachikuva, uye pane kuti vachengetedzwe kana panguva misha yavo. Mashandiro ari mubvunzo unogona chinozoiswa kana kwaita - iyi kana kombiyuta kunotema anodiwa algorithms, uyewo zvakananga Kupinda yacho user.

Aongorora kiyi zviri kombiyuta sechinhu aishandisa mudziyo, funga zvinhu zvayo chikamu Hardware. Muchiitiko chino, kwaizova pachedu kadambari mano kuva inonzi IBM-mapurani, rakajairika munyika.

PC Hardware zvinoriumba

Modern PC - kombiyuta zvivako rinosanganisira anoverengeka mano. Yemazuva ano, imwe neimwe anoita yakazvimirira basa, asi unoshanda aparadzane nevamwe - kubatsira kuti muridzi PC - asingagoni. Zvii zvinoumba varipo marongerwo makombiyuta ano? Pakati avo:

• Hurongwa Unit (izvo, akavapindurawo, dziri: a processor, motherboard, RAM, zvakaoma nemotokari, mavhidhiyo uye ruzha makadhi, nomumbure mano, dhisiki Zvifambiso);
• kuongorora;
• kuzvidzora zvinoreva (keyboard, negonzo, uye analogs zvayo);
• zvishongedzo (vaidhinda, scanners, uye zvichingodaro. d.).

Zvichienderana configuration ari PC Data hurongwa zvingava muzvitsaure dzakabatana kana kuva chete Hardware papuratifomu. Muchiitiko chokutanga, kombiyuta ichava pamusoro mhando "pakombiyuta" kuti zvinofanirwa uvhure optimum nzvimbo patafura pasina kugara kufamba kubva nenzvimbo. In rechipiri - iri PC ingangova kuvakwa muna muchimiro Laptop. Pane chinhu zvenguva shanduro PC gungano - se "monoblock". Chine zvinenge zvose yasarudzwa Hardware zvinoriumba, asi chidhiraivho - vari vasiyana kombiyuta yoga.

Ndivo inokosha chairema pakombiyuta. mabasa avo kudzidza kuchavawo rinokosha, uye zviri - yedu inotevera basa.

Mashandiro ari PC zvinoriumba: processor

Processor - huru kombiyuta chip. Kazhinji, izvi ndiko yepamusorosoro uye anodhura chezvinonhuwira ane PC. Processors nokuti bv anowanikwa aine zvishoma yemakambani munyika. Vanopfuura 90% of musika nyika inogarwa mapoka maviri - Intel uye AMD. The chikuru chezvinonhuwira indekisi maitiro PC - kakawanda remapazi. Kazhinji akayera mu gigahertz, kana GHz. The yepamusoro kakawanda, ari nokukurumidza chip fari anoita zvakakodzera Masvomhu.

Uyewo, chinokosha chokukomborerwa processor mabasa - nhamba cores. The zvakawanda, akasimba ari runoenzanirana Hardware chikamu. Chii vari zvinoitwa kombiyuta yako processor anganzi kiyi? Tinogona kutaura kuti vari Kazhinji kufanana nevaya kuteererwa PC rose: kushandisa, kutama, kuchengetwa, Database, faira zvakanaka. Nenzira iyi tinogona kuronda zvinomirirwa processor neimwe nzvimbo kombiyuta yako.

motherboard

Motherboard - chikuru PC chip. Iye ndiye kusanganisa siyana Hardware zvinoumba kombiyuta yako. Pairi ndivo processor, zvakaoma nemotokari, ndangariro, maCD nemavhidhiyo makadhi, samambure adapters. In kwayo chete mamiriro - the zviteshi huru kuti vaenzanise kwokunze PC nenhumbi. The motherboard, uyewo processor ane kumhanya chokukomborerwa, akaratidza kuva kakawanda. Kazhinji, wakakodzera sarudzo kuti mhando Hardware zvinoriumba inosanganisira nhamba mwero kupfuura CPUs, uye usatsungirira pachinhu gigahertz, uye mune megahertz. Asi pane kusaina. Pane matunhu-waivako motherboards anoshanda pane imwe kakawanda dzinoratidzwa saizvozvo muna gigahertz.

chibhubhubhu kuwana ndangariro

PC RAM, kana RAM - chipset ichi, umo kwekanguva placement kuti digitaalinen Data mu kadambari kwendangariro. Kumbomira zvekuvaka, kazhinji anoshandisa processor. Other zvinokosha mashandiro anoita kombiyuta Gwaro - kukurudzira kukurumidza kupanana umboo pakati makombiyuta, uyewo kusikwa rinokosha Hardware ezvinhu vapinze zvirongwa. A kunyanya mhando-software zvinogona kumhanyira chete kana PC ndiye akasununguka RAM.

vhoriyamu - huru chinoratidza chokupika RAM. Chii, chikuru kukosha mashoko arrays anogona kuiswa achiyeukwa. Chimwe nechiyero kuita zviri runoenzanirana zvinoriumba Hardware, sezvakaitwa mumwe processor kana motherboard, - maitikiro. The yepamusoro kwayo, nokukurumidza kuyeuka unoshanda. Chimwe chinoratidza rinokosha chokupika RAM - bandwidth. Hunoratidza sei zvakawanda faira inogona kupatsanurwa ari Chip kwenguva yakatarwa kwenguva. Yakadiniko, iye runoenzanirana zvinoriumba Hardware ndiyo nokukurumidza. Vachikwanisa of ndangariro, uyewo mamwe mazano, ndiro runozivisa hunhu ichi runoratidzwa megabits por wechipiri, uye mukuru-waivako mienzaniso - gigabits por wechipiri. Shoko rokuti "bandwidth" ane nhamba anoreva zvakafanana - semuenzaniso, "Channel mwero" (kana "bhazi", "cheap car insurance", "chiteshi").

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti processor, motherboard uye ndangariro - namano zviri pamwero mhosva chokwadi sei kutsanya PC zvinoshanda uye vachamhanya huru pamusoro kombiyuta mashandiro sei zvakanaka. Kana waivako zviratidzi akakodzera Hardware zvinoriumba yakaderera, kuti vabudirire kuwedzera kupinda kwayo chimiro, zvakaoma PC kumhanya tichiregeredza nemamwe mano. Zvisinei, ivo avo zvivako zviri zvinokoshawo kubva pfungwa nemaonero Implementation ose anodiwa mashandiro ari PC. Funga chaizvo yenhengo izvi.

zvakaoma dhisiki

Hard ngarurege - zano yakagadzirirwa zvachose placement mafaira. Saka, chinokosha pakuderedza tichitarisa kombiyuta mashandiro ave date chekuchengeta. The zvakaoma dhisiki ruzivo anoiswa mazano chinorondedzerwa muna faira ezvinhu aishandiswa PC.

The chikuru chokukomborerwa waivako nhau Hardware chinoumba - vhoriyamu. Yakadiniko, kukosha ndechokuti kukosha inofa mafaira kuti kunogona kuiswa rako rakaoma disk. Chimwe chinoratidza rinokosha chokupika chikamu ichi - sokune wegondohwe, bandwidth ichi. The yepamusoro kwayo, nokukurumidza humboo zvinoverengwa uye zvakanyorwa kuti zvakaoma dhisiki, ine zvakananga kubatsira kumhanya kombiyuta yako.

Video kadhi uye Monitor

Kana iwe kuyeuka, chii mashandiro anoitwa kombiyuta vechigaro muchikwata che pachake kadambari mano, kushamwaridzana yokutanga tingangozviisa muka kubva Graphics kugadzira. PC rinoshandiswa sechekushandisa kusika uye Editing zvifananidzo, mafirimu, mifananidzo kubva mitambo yepakombiyuta uye nekugadzirisa dzimwe mabasa akawanda zvakafanana. Key Hardware zvinoriumba anokonzera anobudirira Implementation pakati nhengo mashandiro ari PC - kadhi uye Monitor. mudziyo yechipiri anokonzera kuona kuratidzwa mashoko muchimiro zvinonzwisisika kuti user. The chikuru zvechadenga tarisisa - diagonal uye kwemupfungwa. Achitaura pfungwa yokutanga - zvose kunobva kuzviitira zvaunofarira zviri user. tarisisa chisarudzo, akavapindurawo, vanofanira kuva zvakakwana yakakwirira kuti Graphics dzaiva yepamusoro uye yakajeka.

Vhidhiyo kadhi iri kukonzera Graphics kubudiswa uye kuuratidza pamusoro Monitor. mudziyo uyu riri, yemanyorero pamusoro motherboard. Asi mune dzimwe PC yokutevedzera, anowanzodanwa mu Laptops, ari unoenderana Chip iri revatema pamwe processor, kureva, ndiko chezvinonhuwira rokuti Hardware. The chikuru chinoratidza Video - bandwidth. The yepamusoro zviri, chikuru uwandu mufananidzo Data chaienzanirana Hardware chinoumba anogona ribude. Chimwe chinokosha chakanangana vhidhiyo kadhi - ndiyo huwandu yakavakwa-chive chirangaridzo chake.

rira

PC Features dzinowanzova zvakarekodhwa kugadzira. Chinhu chikuru Hardware chinoumba anokonzera agadzirise zvinetso zvakadaro - inzwi kadhi. Zvinonzi ainyanya iri motherboard sechinhu yoga mudziyo. Asi pane ruzha kuti akavakira kupinda kupfuura PC chip. Basic waivako unhu zvinoenderana chinoumba Hardware - chiratidzo simba uye zvakabudiswa maitikiro. The parameter chokutanga unotaurwa decibels, kana db, wechipiri - kazhinji iri kilohertz, kana kHz. The pamusoro maviri zvatariswa - nani kurira achapiwa kuridzwa kombiyuta.

network mano

makombiyuta Most ano kushanda network - maererano kumba hrs, ipapo vasingadi zvinofungirwa vane Indaneti. Enterprise hrs, uyewo vamwe musha, Chokwadi, vanogona kuumba munharaunda nzvimbo network.

Remubatanidzwa kombiyuta nevamwe kadambari mano kubudikidza dzakasiyana Hardware zvinoriumba. Kakawanda, nemambure adapteri - Chip kuiswa motherboard kana sokune iri Audio kadhi, dzimwe nguva kuvakwa mariri. To kunogona batanidza imwe waya kubva ISP uye iyoyo Indaneti kombiyuta.

Vazhinji ano rezvebonde adapters vanogona kushanda pasina waya - Via Wi-Fi rwokugadzira. Panyaya iyi, kombiyuta iri kutanga zvakabatana munhu Wireless router, kana router, izvo zvinozoita zvinogona kusvitsa kubva waya Provider.

Kune vanonzi Mobile modems - namano zvine chokuita kuna PC kazhinji kuburikidza rimwe zvengarava ari motherboard vanokwanisa kuunza kombiyuta kuti Internet nomukombiyuta Mobile opareta Network. Ndicho mukati kwavari ndiko SIM-kadhi uye muridzi wayo kuzochera iyi hofisi opareta rinokosha mutero kushandisa Internet.

The chikuru cho zvose samambure mano - bandwidth. The yepamusoro kwayo, nokukurumidza, somuenzaniso, kukopa mafaira kubva Internet.

PC anotonga: Keyboard uye mbeva

Most zvimwe hondo PC utariri mudziyo - the kiibhodhi. Kushandiswa hunoshanda pamusoro kadambari mudziyo pasina zvakaoma. The chikuru mashandiro anoita kombiyuta kiibhodhi: Inzwa Zvinotaurwa rugwaro data, uyewo kupa User kudyidzana pamwe PC nokutumira ari yekombiyuta chaiwo anonongedzera nomumwe makiyi kana mubatanidzwa dzaro. Anobatana mudziyo uyu anowanzodanwa kuti mumwe zvengarava ari motherboard. Asi panewo Wireless nenhumbi dzose kwakakodzera mhando. The dzakananga mashandiro anoita kombiyuta kiibhodhi kiyi inogona chiite kubudikidza anoishandisa, kunyange pane vakawanda munyika yose yetsika, izvo mudziyo vagadziri, uyewo iyi ruzivo kombiyuta, kazhinji, edza kuomerera.

Kazhinji, kuti PC kiibhodhi iri kuzadzikiswa nevamwe nenhumbi - a mbeva. Rakagadzirirwa aivabatsira nezvokupindira pamusoro achiputa kombiyuta zvinhu uye kuwedzera yokupedza vamwe matambudziko. Mouse zvikuru akagadzirwa zvakafanana mashandiro ari kombiyuta kiibhodhi - zvakanaka, kubudikidza kufamba zvakakodzera zvinogona kupa PC yako kana imwe chikwata. Uyewo zvinopesana nhevedzano dzakananga mabasa unoitiswa mbeva (semuenzaniso, kudzora mhuka hunhu vari mutambo) anogona kuitwa kushandisa kiibhodhi.

Key zvinoumba kombiyuta vavo mashandiro, tadzidza. Asi pane zvakawanda nenhumbi kuti mukwanisi inokosha Hardware zvinoumba ari PC. Funga chaizvo pfungwa yakajairika - vaidhinda uye scanners. Vanowana vanozvishandisa zhinji panguva imwe chete kutenga kombiyuta.

PC zvishongedzo: vaidhinda uye scanners

Pasinei chokwadi kuti izvi kombiyuta namano avo mashandiro zvakasiyana, vanowanzoororwa munyaya iyoyo chechinyorwa. Izvi zvinonzwisisika: The aidhinda Prints mashoko kubva PC kusvika bepa, scanners - pamusoro Zvakatosimbisa hunosumwa kupinda kombiyuta, akatendeuka kubva papers digitaalinen chimiro. Kune Hardware zvinoriumba kuti zvinobatana mashandiro vaidhinda uye scanners, - multi-basa mano, kana MFP. Kazhinji, ivo ane kushanda Copier.

Ndizvo specificity kuti kushanda mazuva ano munhu kadambari namano. Muzvikoro ano, vanowanzoororwa vakadzidza vana tanga mazera. Vadzidzisi vakawanda vemazuva ano vanodavira kuti Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri zera muboka kuti mwana anoda kuziva kiyi zviri kombiyuta - Grade 3. Computer akaiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda zvikoro ano sezvo chinonyanya kukosha chinhu kuti unofanira ishe vana.