Kinds uye zvinoitwa kuchengetedza chrysanthemums

Kirasi bipartite Asteridy subclass nzira calycerales, Asteraceae (Asteraceae), mumwe subfamily pamusoro Asteraceae, perennial kana pagore chirimwa - vose chrysanthemum. It rinoshandiswa mubindu somunhu anokosha kunopera-chirimwa, uye ari kutungamirira srezochnyh netsika, zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro wechipiri pashure ruva kukurumbira.

Nhoroondo "Golden Flower"

In Chinese tsika - mabhuku, kupenda, ruva Chirevo kunokosha. To dzakararama nevanochera matongo - muhari pamwe mufananidzo chrysanthemums, izvo 2500 makore. Vakakwirira nemaonero shoma mhando chrysanthemums ipapo sezvo uchapupu hwake huru.

Golden-yellow inflorescences, izvo akapotsa havana wakasiyana dzomusango zvave kwete chete sechinhu decoration, asi uyewo somushonga uye dzinodyiwa zvirimwa.

In nzvimbo kugadzira dzakakurumbira mhando mitema chrysanthemums, mifananidzo iyo anomiririrwa pano.

With Chinese chrysanthemum kusungira muzvizhinji kwezvifananidzo. Yellow - rinomiririra akanyorova mufaro. Chrysanthemum mu chando - nemishonga uye akakwidziridza oga. China asarudza kupa mazororo vanodhirowa pakubhadhara akasiyana chrysanthemums sechiratidzo upfumi uye zvakawanda zvido.

Muna VII mu chrysanthemum ndikasvika Japan, uko iye akava ndibatsireiwo nehurumende chiratidzo. "Kiku" - zuva, saka vokuJapan vanouti. Chenjera petals, idzo nguva dzose mumufananidzo 16, dzinomirira chezuva, iyo kupa upenyu. Kiku - chiratidzo simba raMwari, hurefu uye mufaro, chiratidzo chakakwana.

Muzana XVIII remakore chrysanthemum anowana mafeni aro Europe uye America.

Karl Linney, muvambi kupatsanura marongedzero zvose upenyu Panyika, apiwa zita chrysanthemum ruva, iro rinoshandurwa kubva muchiGiriki rinoreva "yendarama ruva."

Species zita uye chrysanthemum mhando kwemakore akawanda maberekero basa kuwedzera chaizvo.

Kwenguva refu, Breeders kunge vaida guru akasiyana nemaruva. Zvino vakawanda vakura vakaberekwa Korean kana munda chrysanthemum.

Description chrysanthemum

Rhizomes vari mapazi, thickened, riri pane imwe kudzika masendimita 25 Vari kuumbwa pevhu stolons -. Elongated divi mabukira, dziri kukura mapfupi dzakanzi mashizha. Mabukira tote, kazhinji mapazi, mumwe nekukwirira 25 kusvika 150 cm. The mashizha dissected, mvere kana mvere.

Maruva Ligulate mumatengu kuona chimiro chipande. Description uye mhando chrysanthemums chiri International kupatsanura pakati kuDresden Institute of Horticulture. Akakamurwa 2 mapoka - nyore uye Terry. Mapoka vakakamurwa zvinozoita kupinda makirasi. Boka nyore chrysanthemums rinosanganisira 3 makirasi - nemahrovye, kaviri uye anemon. By Terry hwakakungwa anorembera, flat, hemispherical, idenderedzwa, rakamonana, pompons, paukovidnye.

mhando dzose ano vari hwakaganhurwa;

• large-- kana dzichibvisa divi nhungirwa anokwanisa rokuumba Inflorescence dhayamita 1 kusvika 30 cm;

• buketnye (mapazi) - vane chimiro ne guru gwenzi matengu (10-20 cm);

• maduku;

• decoration - vachishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kwazvakaita, vawane buketnye kana guru-fomu.

Chrysanthemums vari novimba nokureba masikati. Long masikati kunobatsira kuvaka vegetative guru zvinomera, pfupi - maawa 14, kukurumidza kukura Inflorescence. Silnochuvstvitelnye uye srednechuvstvitelnye kuti Longitude wezuva emarudzi vari dzabudapo greenhouses. Ndisina mhando vari akakodzera yakazaruka pasi.

Nguva ichaitika maruva akasiyana-siyana Munokudzwa:

• mangwanani - anotumbuka kubva August October;

• srednepozdnie - kubva October kusvika November;

• Papera - muna November uye December.

Flowering iri yakavhurika pasi asiwo frosts vakawanda.

vaizotibata mhando

Chikwata anozivikanwa 2 mapoka chrysanthemums - Indian uye Korean. Chrysanthemums (mhando zvakanyanya husingakwanisi tembiricha inotonhora uye akakodzera kuti kukura risina kudzivirirwa pasi) haatyi chiedza frosts.

Description uye mhando chrysanthemums, achivimbisa vachiwedzera vakadzikama okunze, unogona kuonekwa pazasi:

1. Aissa - okutanga ruva worudzii, nemahrovy. The maruva rakachenuruka Sarimoni ruvara, 5 masendimita ari dhayamita.

2. Evening zviedza - a mhando mumugwagwa. The inflorescences vane kuchinja ruvara kubva mupfumi yakatsvuka kuti yero panguva micheto kusvika pakati.

3. Koreyanochka - Anotumbuka misodzi kubva July kusvika mukupera September chiedza Orange tswanda.

4. Malchish-Kibalchish - inopenya dzepepuru maruva yakaiswa chitsidzo, idenderedzwa gwenzi. Early maruva.

5. Ametesti - Kuchinja ruvara pamwe Pink-yellow muna July panguva pearly vaaleanpunainen muna October.

6. Svetozar - samafuta-chena maruva, Terry. Middle-mugiredhi.

7. Nedzakaita Hen - on columnar gwenzi yakawanda maruva rima-orenji pamwe tsvuku petals unocheka, 4 masendimita ari dhayamita.

8. Nenhare - giredhi kurwisa. It Anotumbuka misodzi kusvikira chando rima tsvuku tswanda.

9. Ampelnye mugwaro chrysanthemums Morifolium Cascade inopa duku, kufanana daisies uye maruva.

10. Alec Bedser - iri kurimwa munyika maigara muvhu. Bloom muna September chete ruva yellowish ruomba chitsvuku, chine dhayamita pamusoro masendimita 14.

Chrysanthemum akagadza miriwo - imwe chirimwa pagore. Anoshandiswa zvokudya seinokonzera mavhitamini, zvicherwa, uye pakugadzira kushingaira zvinhu. Chrysanthemum korona ane kuputsika hunonhuhwira uye Spicy kuravira. In zvokudya anoenda munyoro guru zvinomera. Maererano zviri antioxidant kunzwisisa akafanana mudzi ginseng. Chrysanthemum morifolium (marudzi, nemarudzi uye VaNefirimu) vari kurimwa greenhouses.

Somugumisiro wokusarudza yave mhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana muna chimiro uye ruvara inflorescences, pamusoro nguva uye paanowedzera maruva.

Zvinodiwa Kuti achikura mamiriro

Chrysanthemum, marudzi uye dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro payo vanosarudza zvakanaka nourume pamwe mufudze kana chakaoma mullein zvishoma acidic ivhu. Hamungatenderi waterlogging. On zvakanyanyisa nourume manyowa ari kushingaira kuwedzera vegetative zvomukati, maruva kuipa. Inokura zvakanaka kumusoro mibhedha, yokubatidza mune noushamwari nzvimbo.

Planting zvinhu ari muchimiro midzi kuchekwa Vakasimwa muvhu pakupera frosts - muna May uye June. The mudzi chipika anoiswa pasi chechetere. Nokudyara mabasa achisarudza unotonhorera nguva zuva kana Cloudy mazuva. Just akadyara chrysanthemum pokuvanda kubva zuva musasa. Pazuva rokutanga mubvise kukura pfungwa - kuita pinched wokutanga. Next wokubaya muna 2 weeks - kubuda yokumusoro chikamu nhungirwa.

Chrysanthemums anotumbuka vamba kana kuti kusika ivo dimming kubva maawa 18 kusvika 8 am. Zvizhinji akamwisa mu ekunze yakaoma uye panguva nhungirwa kukura.

kutarisira

makore 2-3 hazvigoni akura musi iwoyo zano ose chrysanthemums. Uye nokuti substrate hanya inofanira kwazvo. Muvhu ipfupi nerubatsiro zvinovaka muviri uye mukana wokutapukirwa anooneka. Mumwedzi wokutanga ane ndichibvunza paumbwe wemugwenzi - muti kunoda ivhu kusunungura. Kusati kwatombova wokutanga nhungirwa pamakwenzi akadiridza 3 pavhiki. Mulching anodzivirira chrysanthemum pamusoro tupukanana uye fungal zvirwere. Kushandiswa pevhu nemipaini tsono uye anobvarurwa-bvarurwa nemakwati kana mashanga.

Unofanira kuita munguva yezhizha zvokudya 3 - asati yotunga pakutanga yotunga uye maruva nguva akasvibirira.

Kuti tiwane akasvibirira gwenzi achichekerera madzinde. Pinched rinoitwa nomwedzi June. In miti nemaruva makuru divi mabukira vanobviswa, ichipa chikuru kukura. Huru-siya 1 kana 2 pemashanga.

chando

Vamwe akasiyana Korean chrysanthemum zvakanaka akashivirira munguva yechando pakachena muvhu rakaoma munzvimbo. Chando pamusoro nyoro ivhu riri anokanganisa ruva. Chrysanthemums kuti mukuru kana pasi, mudzi kuchekerera uye hilling. Zvadaro inogumbatira matavi spruce. Inogona kufukidzwa emapuranga mabhokisi uye magumbeze vekare kuti putira kumusoro pamusoro. With kutanga kwematsutso kubvisa kare madzinde matavi. Underground divi Matavi vachapa upenyu hutsva kuti ruva.

Large-thermophilic chrysanthemum yechando mukamba rakajeka ane tembiricha kuti 5-7 ° C. The mabhokisi vanoiswa yakakwirira akavezwa miti. With veMubatanidzwa utachiona mvura zvine mwero.

kubereka

Mbeu vari zvadyarwa nyoro pasi mukupera yechando. Arisase pasi hakusi zvakakodzera - mbeu imere muchiedza. The vakawana Matavi vakaiswa hari, ivhu wakasimwa May, kusvikira mumatsime.

Kana kuchekwa kuti vakasarudzwa cultivars uterine pamakwenzi. Autumn akacheka hunde kuchekwa Vakasimwa mumabhokisi uye kuchengetwa wokutanga kupisa mazuva 10, zvine mwero achidiridzira. Zvadaro mukavaisa inotonhorera kamuri. Spring kubva pamidzi kuonekwa apical vana, iyo tora kuchekwa kuti kupararira. Kuti tiwane mnogostebelny shrub kuchekwa vari kutanga kunokohwa kubva March kusvika April. Kubva May kusvika June, stocking zvinhu yaikura guru-odnostebelnyh zvirimwa.

Panguva chokuwanziridza kuburikidza kupatsanura gwenzi kuchera kutsime, disassembled gura uye vakasimwa nzvimbo itsva. Uyezve, mumwe utachiona ane midzi yawo. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vagovere mugwenzi uye kudyara yose 3 years. Izvi kunobatsirawo maruva.

Zvipukanana uye zvirwere

White Ngura kunokonzerwa nokuziva chisvetasimba Puccinia horiana, riri pasi kupatsanura varwere. On mashizha kuoneka makwapa chena, iyo zvino dzokai shava. Sick mashizha vanowa. Plant haizorambi anotumbuka.

Igaroziva anamorphic notumwe kukonzera shizha gwapa uye hunde.

Mafundo uye inflorescences sei Alternaria.

California tate, hothouse inda dzemuriwo, dandemutande mites kukuvadza chrysanthemums mune greenhouses uye rakavhurika pasi ezvinhu.

Cucumber wezvidimbu utachiwana iri pachishandiswa vegetative kupararira. Anoenda chiedza mitema makwapa kufa uye idonhe. Iva deformation uye zvipfupi zvirimwa.

Kuti tikurire tupukanana uye hunokuvadza vachishandisa fungicides uye zvipembenene kubudikidza spraying.

Root-fundo nematode - munhu anonetsa ngozi. Kurwisa kazhinji haitungamiriri kubudirira. Chikwata ruzivo dzinorumbidza anochera utachiona mumakwenzi uye nokupisa.

Unogona kushandisa chevarwere mishonga kudzora nezvipembenene. Kana aphid haana akaberekwa vazhinji, makwenzi kushambidzwa soapy mvura.

Good mugumisiro inofashaira negariki anopa 50 g yakapwanyika negariki 1 mukombe wemvura dzakadururwa. Mushure maminitsi 30, Sefa uye wedzera 800 ml mvura. 1.5 makapu wabvisa rakasanganiswa mune mugomo wemvura uye rakadeurwa pamakwenzi.

From tupukanana uye zvirwere hazvigoni kubviswa pasina matanho:

1. Zvakakosha kuti kwakadzama kwematsutso uone nzvimbo - chando mazana uye pupae vanourayiwa.

2. Masora kuparadza pedyo maruva uye greenhouses, asiwo yose nzvimbo kwete chete.

3. Disinfect zvose mubindu maturusi uye kuvakwa inokudza.

All mashizha ari wakabva mumakwenzi vanofanira kupisa.

mumaruva chrysanthemum

For dzose kukura mumba kana muvharanda maruva hazvidi yakawanda zuva. The optimum tembiricha kuti 15 ° C. Types potted chrysanthemums kukura zvakanaka peat pamwe yakaderera acidity. The Zvinoumba ivhu kuti potting zvinosanganisira turf uye manyowa ivhu, akapisa mupfudze uye 20% jecha.

Zvinofanira kurima:

• Mavhiki 2-3 pasi refu zuva chiedza pa t 20 ° C;

• kana masikati kupfupiswa kuti maawa 12 uye T iri kutura kuna 18-20 ° C, maruva kunotanga.

Well akamwisa uye sprayed. Kukura maruva vanoda nokuisazve kupinda makuru mumidziyo. Chero mhando chrysanthemums zvinogona akura sezvo yokurara. Mhando indoor kurimwa chrysanthemums muhari nani kutora sredneroslye - kusvika masendimita 50, decoration uye melkotsvetnye.

Kukura greenhouses

Dzabudapo greenhouses nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:

1. cheka kubva pakatanga kupisa Kutamiswa kupinda mabhokisi wakasimwa pakachena muvhu. Panoperera maruva zvinomera Vakasimwa muhari. Zvino akatumira inokudza mamwe maruva.

2. Midzi kuchekwa zvinogona kudyarwa muhari. Kana kumera mugwenzi hari vanoda vhoriyamu yakakura. Nemiti Vakasimwa mu greenhouses pakarepo, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda hayo muvhu.

3. Nokukurumidza kukura inobva sarudzo mhando, uye anofunga zvipenyu unhu mhuka. Munguva vegetative kukura kwaedza inofanira kuva maawa anenge 14, t 18-20 °. Pakugadzirwa nhungirwa zuva kupfupiswa kuti maawa 10 tembiricha akanga chichiburutswa 10 °.

With ruzivo urwu kunogona anotumbuka mumakore 2-3. Kuti tiwane ruva kugadzirwa ari aida nguva puranga yaikura mhando dzose chrysanthemums zvinodiwa vakanyatsoshongedzwa girinihausi, apo okunze inodzorwa, dimming kana elektrodosvechivanie mumakwenzi kwaida unyoro pamwero.

mavara Various mhando dzakasiyana pamunda chrysanthemums izvo akaisa pamusoro Photo.

Nechokumaodzanyemba California, kwemakore 30 XX remakore Chikwata mu maindasitiri runyararo vakaedza kukudziridza hydroponic miti marudzi akasiyana chrysanthemums. Uye kurima nzira yakadaro yakaratidza kubudirira.

Sand uye mavhu rinoshandiswa senzira hydroponic substrates.

The paanopfuura munhu hydroponic nzira chetsika ndechokuti maruva ichabereka nhungirwa simba, mashizha uye inflorescences yakajeka zvikuru mavara, vakaumba simba midzi.

Chrysanthemums, nokuda semushonga, apo zhinji Anotumbuka zvinobatsira kuti utano hwevanhu. mhando dzose uye mhando - mumunda, girinihausi, gwenzi uye odnosteblevye - asike kumativi pachake yakanaka microclimate. Allocates bactericides uye zvinokosha anonhuwirira, achizadza mhepo zvinovava munuhwi.

Kwenguva yakareba zvave kuzivikanwa kuchirapa ehupfumi yacho ruva. Mashizha ane yakakwirira rakawanda micronutrients - K, MG, Zn, Se, zvakakodzera kuti upenyu hwevanhu. In China, tenda kuti maruva chrysanthemum, brewed pamwe mutema tii, kuwedzera zvayo kunozorodza kunaka uye semushonga.