Icon yaSofia Suzdal: chii chinobatsira?

Mufundisi Sofia Suzdal anoonekwa semumwe wevatsvene vanoremekedzwa zvikuru muRussian Orthodox tsika. Dheuteronomio 29 - zuva rekufa kwaSophia's nun - rakava zuva rairo rekuyeuka kwake mukereke yekereke. Zvinyorwa uye chishamiso chekare cheSt. Sophia, icho chichiri kuchengetwa muChipembere Chengetani yeMuzinda weguta reSuzdal, ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kweimba yemamongi. Vatendi vanobva kumakona ekure kuti vagamuchire kuporesa kubva kurwere uye kubatsira munyaya dzakaoma.

Sofia Suzdal naSolomonya Saburova

Vanhu vashomanana nhasi vanorondedzera mazita maviri aya. Panguva iyi, muhupenyu hwenyika, St. Sofia weSuzdal (1490 - 1542) aiva mumwe wevakadzi vakanakisisa munguva yake. Munhoroondo, akagara saSolomonya Saburova - mudzimai waBasil the Third, wekupedzisira Grand Duke weMoscow.

Akasarudza Soromoni ane makore gumi nemashanu panguva yemwenga yemuenzaniso akarongwa naamai, Sophia Paleologus, maererano netsika yeByzantine, Muchinda Vasili akakurudzira kusagadzikana kwechirevo. Kwenguva yokutanga, mutongi weMoscow akaroorwa ne "asina kufanira" mukomana, kwete mhuri yevahedheni. Kunyange zvakadaro, mutsa uye munyengeri Solomonius akawana rudo neruremekedzo paruvazhe.

Princely share

Maiwe, njodzi yake yakanga yakaipa. Makore ose makumi maviri okuroora mutongi uyu akaramba asina mwana. Hakuna minyengetero inopisa, kana kuenda kunzvimbo tsvene, kana kushanda kwenguva refu mumatemberi kubatsira kana. Kusagutsikana kweGuru Duke kwakakura, mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza Soromoni akasuruvara akaramba achiwedzera kupisa. Achishuva kuva nechinhaka, Vasily wechitatu akadzivisa hama dzake kuroora, achitya kuti chigaro cheGuru Duke chaizoenda kune vanin'ina vake. Zvose izvi zvakasuruvarisa madzimambo akachenjera uye ane mutsa, asi aisagona kuita chinhu.

Muchinda mukuru mukurambana

Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, yakanga isiri Henry VIII uyo akatanga tsika yekurambana kwemadzimambo.

Muna 1525, mushure memazana makumi maviri emakore asina kuroorwa, Vasily Third akasarudza kurambana nomudzimai wake. Marimi akaipa akataura kuti "prank" yemukomana mutsva Elena Glinskaya, uyo Vasili akanga aroorwa naye, akanga asiri "charm", asina kumirira gore.

Kurambana kwaBasil III yaiva yekutanga uye isina kumboitika munhoroondo yeRussia. Chisarudzo chemuchinda chakatsigirwa nevana, asi vafundisi vakatonga zvakasimba, vazhinji vavo vakabhadhara rusununguko rwekuchengetedzwa kwemambokadzi.

Kunyange zvakadaro, chisarudzo chakaitwa. Muchinda akaita "pachake oga" uye mushure mokurambana Mutungamiri Solomoniya aifanira kutora mutoro uye achienda kune imwe imba.

Naughty willy-nilly

Sophia Suzdalska, akaona sei nyaya? Upenyu hwevatsvene hune maitiro maviri ekugamuchirwa kwake kwechihedheni. Mukutanga akambomanikidzwa nechisimba kumurume wake, mune yechipiri - asingadi kukakavadzana uye kukakavadzana kwevanhu uye achiona kusagadzikana kwake, akakumbira mvumo yekuzvidira kuenda kumusha wemamongi.

Nhoroondo yemazuva ano inotaura kuti Monk Sophia, uye ipapo Guru Guru Duchess, sezvaaishuvira sezvaaikwanisika, akaramba kudzivirira, achitsika-tsika pamakumbo ake emasisita nesimba rake rokupedzisira. Zvisinei, paakadzidza kuti akanga atsigira-ichi ndicho chido chemuchinda, Soromoni akateerera. Zvisinei, nechinzvimbo chake chitsva, musikana Sophia aisakwanisa kusiya basa kwenguva refu.

Maererano nezvinyorwa zvemazuva iwayo, zvaakagamuchira nzvimbo yake mutsva, akawana rugare mukunyengetera uye kushanda kwematambudziko. Imwe yenhema inoti musikana, asingatyi chero basa ripi neripi, akachera tsime remamatare, apo monasiteri isina mvura yakakwana. Kusvikira zuva ranhasi, chifukidziro chakavharidzirwa naye chakachengetedzwa paguva reMutsvene Monk Ephrosia. Nenguva dzenguva, Sofia Suzdal airemekedzwa semutambo wechokwadi, mutsa uye basa rakanaka rakawana rudo nekuremekedzwa kwehanzvadzi hanzvadzi nevose vaimuziva.

Kunyanya zvose zvoupenyu hwake hunotevera mune hupenyu hwomusarasti, mararamiro akaitwa mumasvingo eIndaneti Monastery yeguta reSuzdal, kwaakavigwa muna 1542.

Zvishamiso zveSuzdal

Nenguva isipi mushure mekufa kwemasikana Sophia, zvishamiso zvekuporesa zvakatanga kuitika paguva rake. Nokudaro, muna 1598, kusunungurwa kokutanga kwekupofumadza kweChristina Anna Nechtova kwakaitika. Makore mana gare gare, mune imwe nzira inoshamisa, mumwe mukadzi akaona guva revatsvene. Mumakore anotevera, kumwe kushandiswa kwezvishamiso kunotsanangurwa. Minyengetero yaSofia Suzdal yakabatsira kubva pazvirwere zveziso, matsi, kuora mitezo uye kukanganisika kwepfungwa.

Mutungamiri Sophia akanga asiri iye chete kuporesa, asiwo mudziviriri. Inotaridzika mune chigadziko chemamoni uye nechiedza chakavhenekera mumaoko emutungamiri weuto rePoland, uyo akaswedera kumusha wemamende, Sofia Suzdal akachengetedza imba yake yekugara.

Sezvakatsanangurwa neAkare Makororio munyori uye mufundisi wezana remakore rechi18, nhoroondo uye mufundisi Ananii Fedorov anorondedzera chiitiko ichi: kutya kwakasimba kwakawira mutungamiriri weLisovsky kubva pane zvakaratidzwa saiye uye ruoko rwake rworudyi rwakabviswa, apo dzimwe dzePoles dzakawira pasi pamwe nemabhiza, akarwara nehosha. Hondo yevavengi yakadzoka, uye chiitiko chakanakidza chakanga chakafananidzirwa paguva reguva rekumhanya.

Kuyeuka shure kwekufa

Ichechi yepamutemo yakashuma kunamatwa komusikana Sophia saiye mutsvene muna 1650 - makore zana mushure mekuzorodza kwake, uye nyaya yekugonesa yakatorwa mazana maviri emakore gare gare. Kunyange zvakadaro, nguva pfupi mushure mekufa, vanhu vakatanga kumuremekedza sevanhu vatsvene uye vanonyengetera vakazosvika kuguva rake. Zvinoshamisa kuti kunyange mukare, s-scriptatsam inotanga kunyorwa iyo inonzi "vatsvene vatsvene", asi panguva imwecheteyo Princess Sophia.

Munguva yekutonga kwaIvan wekutyisa - mutongi wekugara kwenguva refu wakatarwa weChishanu Vasily kubva kumukadzi wechipiri, Soromoni-Sophia wakarangarirwa neMonk Nun uye kunamatira kwaive, pane kudaro, unhu hwemunharaunda. Zvinoshamisa kuti atova panguva iyoyo Prince Andrew Kurbsky, mutsamba kuna Tsar, akadana Sofia-Solomonia mutendi akaremekedzwa, asina mhosva uye mutsvene. Maererano nenheyo, Tsar Ivan wechina akauya kuSuaddal Pokrovsky Monastery uye, maererano nemanzwiro, pachake akafukidza guva raanini nemucheka wakaitwa mumusangano wemudzimai wake anodikamwa Anastasia Romanovna kunyanya sechipo kumakuva evatsvene.

Pakupedzisira Tsar Feodor Ioanovich, kunamatwa kwaSt. Sophia weSuzdal kwakawedzera. Paguva reMonk Nun, mapurgrimages akaitwa, nhengo dzemhuri yeumambo kanopfuura kamwe vaibhadhara mutero kumasitadhi nekushanya kwavo. Kusvikira ikozvino, chifukidzo chakavezwa pamusoro pechipfuva chayo chine mufananidzo weMuponesi, chakaendeswa kumusha wematari naTarina Irina Godunova, rakachengetedzwa. Mupiro wechipiro unotsigira gore uye chinangwa chekupa.

Ko Princess Princess

Kusvikira ikozvino, kwete imwe mufananidzo weupenyu hwose weChristine Solomoniya Saburova yakapona. Hatizivi kana mifananidzo yakadaro yaivepo zvachose, sezvo pirairi, semufananidzo wekunyika, yakauya kuRussia chete munguva yePeter, makore mazana maviri mushure mezviitiko zvakatsanangurwa. Maminitsi mashomanana kubva mumapisarema anoratidza zviitiko zvemuchato weBasil III naSoromoni, kuburitswa kwemambokadzi uye nezvimwe zviitiko zvakakosha zvezvakaitika kubva muupenyu hwevamiriri vechinda vakachengetedzwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu akarondedzera Solomoniya Saburov semukadzi ane kunaka kunoshamisa.

Kushandurwa kwemazana emakore ekuma1900 kunoratidzira mukadzi wechidiki ane mvere mutsvuku ane kodzero dzakagadzirwa mumasara etiara uye anodhura. Waiva Soromoni chaiye akafanana nemufananidzo wemufananidzo wakagadzirwa nemuongorori wenguva dzeRomanticism, zvakaoma kutaura. Anozivikanwa nokuda kwekuratidzwa kwake kwechihedheni, asi zvichida yakanyorwa zvakare mushure mekufa kwaSt. Solomon-Sophia.

Iconography yaSt. Sophia

Mifananidzo yakawanda yakanyorwa muzana remakore rechi19 kusvika kumazana makumi maviri nemakumi masere inomiririra Safa Sofia weSuzdal maererano neByzantine icon-peinting canon: mune imwe hood hood uye parain yebhuruu-ruvara, inenge yepasi, ruvara rwebhuruki uye ruvara rwekrismasi kana ruvara rwemisi. Siso nemaoko zvakanyorwa nehuchi, maziso makuru maziso, mutsvuku wakarurama nemuromo, miromo miduku.

Chifananidzo chekare kupfuura cheS st Sophia chinobva pahafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi17. Ichokwadi, pamberi pedu ndicho chinyorwa chechinyorwa chechinyorwa chesaoni uye saupenzi kutsvaga mufananidzo wakafanana nematsanangudzo nemifananidzo inozivikanwa yaSoromoni chaiye. Zita ra tenzi, uyo akatamisa chifananidzo kubhodhi, hachizivikanwi. Zvichida, mifananidzo yekare yeSt. Sophia yakasikwa nevanoratidzi vezvifananidzo muimba yake yekugara. Zvinonakidza kuti mumasikirwo emifananidzo, anotungamira kubva mumufananidzo uyu, kune chikonzero chekuita - mupumburu, unobata Sofia Suzdal. Ichi chiratidzo chinoonekwa sechishamiso uye, zvichida, chakatarwa kuguva raiye mutsvene.

Kuzivikanwa kwevatsvene

Mune karenda yechechi yeOrthodox, zita raSofia Suzdal rinoonekwa gore risati rasvika. Muna 1984, yaive "yepamutemo" yakaunzwa kukereke yevasande, asi kusvika ikozvino Suzdal yemunharaunda, uye kubva muna 2007, St. Sophia inoremekedzwa pane zvose-chechi yepamusoro.

Iko Monk Sophia akafukidzira kuvigwa kwake munyika. Chishuvo chakasimba chese nguva, sezvo tsika dzevanhu dzaive panzvimbo yavo dzaifanira kuvigwa mumatombo ematombo-crypts. Mazana emakore mazana emakore, kubva muna 1542 kusvika muna 1990, madota ayo akaramba asina kunyunyuta.

Muna 1995, guva rake muimba yemamende rakazarurwa uye zvinyorwa zveSofia Suzdal zvakabatwa zvakasimba kubva pasi. Iye zvino vari kubudiswa mukenza yakavharwa mukereke yeKokrovsky. Iyi ndiyo shongwe huru yemunamato, kune vakawanda vanofambira vanofudza. Ichokwadi chokuti, mushure mokunge avete muvhu kwemakore anopfuura mazana mana, zvinyorwa zvacho zvaisakatika zvinoshamisa. Zvisinei, mushure mekuzarura kweguva, vakavhiringidza munyaya yemaminitsi.

Chii chinouya kumutsvene

Nekukumbira kwakasiyana-siyana nekukumbira vanotendeukira kuna Reverend Sophia. Ikozvino munguva yedu, runyorwa rwezvishamiso zvake runowedzera nehupupuriro zvitsva. Kazhinji vanoshanda kwaari kuti vabvise zvirwere zvemarudzi ose. Chokutanga pane zvose, sezvo mupore anoremekedzwa muvanhu vaSofia Suzdal. Chii chinobatsira mutsvene? Sezvatinoyeuka, Princess Solomonia akanga asingabereki muhupenyu hwake hwose. Zvisinei, chokwadi chiri chinoshamisa - munyengetero kuna St. Sophia unobatsira kuwana mwana akamirira kwenguva refu kune vasina kubatana.

Kune humwe uchapupu hwokuti akatarisa nzira inoenda kune yakarasika, yakachengetedzwa vana kubva kune dambudziko uye yakabatsira kuderedza unhu hukuru hwevanhu vekare.